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Lab 4 Formulas and Functions in Excel

This laboratory activity focuses on teaching fundamental skills in using formulas and functions in Microsoft Excel for calculations and data analysis. Participants will learn to create basic formulas, utilize built-in functions like SUM and AVERAGE, and understand cell references, including relative and absolute types. The activity includes practical tasks for students to apply their knowledge and gain proficiency in Excel.

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francinekyle.d.baracao
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2 views

Lab 4 Formulas and Functions in Excel

This laboratory activity focuses on teaching fundamental skills in using formulas and functions in Microsoft Excel for calculations and data analysis. Participants will learn to create basic formulas, utilize built-in functions like SUM and AVERAGE, and understand cell references, including relative and absolute types. The activity includes practical tasks for students to apply their knowledge and gain proficiency in Excel.

Uploaded by

francinekyle.d.baracao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formulas and Functions in Excel: Laboratory Activity

This laboratory activity will equip you with the fundamental skills of using formulas and
functions in Microsoft Excel to perform calculations and data analysis.

Learning Objectives:

 Understand the concept of formulas and functions in Excel.


 Create and apply basic formulas for calculations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division).
 Utilize built-in Excel functions for common operations (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE,
COUNT).
 Understand and modify formulas using cell references.
 Apply relative and absolute cell references in formulas.

Materials:

 Computer with Microsoft Excel installed


 Lab instructions (provided by your instructor)
 Sample data set (optional, provided by your instructor)

Instructions:

1. Launch Microsoft Excel: Locate and open the Microsoft Excel application on
your computer.
2. Entering data:
o If provided, use the sample data set or create your own dataset in your
worksheet.
o Enter data (numbers) into relevant cells.
3. Creating formulas:
o Click on an empty cell where you want the result of your calculation.
o Type the equal sign (=) to indicate the beginning of a formula.
o Enter the desired mathematical operation followed by cell references of
the values you want to calculate with.
o Example: In cell C2, enter the formula =A2+B2 to add the values in cells
A2 and B2. Press Enter to see the calculated result in cell C2.
4. Using Excel functions:
o Excel offers various built-in functions for common calculations.
o Explore some basic functions:
 SUM: Adds a range of cells. Example: =SUM(A1:A10) adds the
values in cells A1 to A10.
 AVERAGE: Calculates the average of a range of
cells. Example: =AVERAGE(B2:B12) calculates the average of the
values in cells B2 to B12.
COUNT: Counts the number of cells containing numeric
values. Example: =COUNT(C1:C5) counts the number of cells in C1
to C5 that have numerical data.
5. Understanding cell references:
o Formulas rely on cell references to locate the data they operate on.
o Relative references: By default, cell references are relative. When you
copy a formula containing relative references, the references adjust
automatically based on the new position. Example: Copying the
formula =A2+B2 from cell C2 to cell D3 will change it to =A3+B3 due to the
relative nature of the references.
o Absolute references: You can use the F4 key or press Ctrl + F4 to toggle
between relative and absolute references (indicated by a dollar sign $) in a
cell reference. Absolute references remain constant even when copied
and pasted to different locations.
6. Practice and exploration:
o Your instructor might provide additional exercises to practice using
formulas and functions for various calculations and data analysis tasks.
o Experiment with different functions available in Excel and explore their
functionalities using the help section or online resources.

Remember:

 Save your work frequently.


 Utilize the formula bar to view and edit the formula associated with a cell.
 Practice using both relative and absolute references to understand their behavior
in different scenarios.

Dataset for Practice

Item Quantity Unit Total Discount Discount Net


Sold Price Sales Rate Amount Sales
Laptop 10 50,000 =B2*C2 10% =D2*E2 =D2-F2
Smartphone 25 20,000 =B3*C3 5% =D3*E3 =D3-F3
Tablet 15 15,000 =B4*C4 8% =D4*E4 =D4-F4
Smartwatch 30 5,000 =B5*C5 12% =D5*E5 =D5-F5

Functions Practice

Category Values
Total Items Sold =SUM(B2:B5)
Average Unit Price =AVERAGE(C2:C5)
Highest Sales Amount =MAX(D2:D5)
Lowest Sales Amount =MIN(D2:D5)
Total Discount Given =SUM(F2:F5)

Tasks for Students

1. Basic Formula Creation:


o Calculate the "Total Sales" for each item by multiplying "Quantity Sold" by "Unit
Price".
o Compute the "Discount Amount" by applying the "Discount Rate" to "Total
Sales".
o Determine the "Net Sales" by subtracting "Discount Amount" from "Total Sales".
2. Using Built-In Functions:
o Use the SUM function to calculate the total quantity of items sold.
o Apply the AVERAGE function to determine the average price per unit.
o Identify the highest and lowest sales values using the MAX and MIN functions,
respectively.
o Add up all discount amounts using the SUM function.
3. Relative and Absolute References:
o Change the "Discount Rate" for one item to a fixed value of 10% using absolute
cell references (e.g., =$E$2).
o Copy the formula for "Discount Amount" to other rows while keeping the
discount rate constant.
4. Additional Exploration:
o Add a new column to calculate the percentage contribution of each item’s "Net
Sales" to the total "Net Sales".
o Experiment with other functions like COUNT (to count the number of items) and
IF (e.g., flagging items with a "Net Sales" exceeding 200,000 as "High
Revenue").

Key Learning Outcomes

 Gain proficiency in creating and applying formulas.


 Use Excel’s built-in functions for real-world data analysis.
 Understand the importance of cell references and their behavior in formulas.
 Develop confidence in performing basic calculations and automating tasks using Excel.

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