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Experiment #1-Part#1 Equipment Familiarization: Object

The document outlines Experiment #1 of the Electronic I lab at the University of Anbar, focusing on familiarization with laboratory equipment such as oscilloscopes and function generators. It describes the functions and applications of these instruments in observing electrical signals and generating waveforms. The experiment aims to provide students with hands-on experience in using essential electronic test and measurement equipment.

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9 views3 pages

Experiment #1-Part#1 Equipment Familiarization: Object

The document outlines Experiment #1 of the Electronic I lab at the University of Anbar, focusing on familiarization with laboratory equipment such as oscilloscopes and function generators. It describes the functions and applications of these instruments in observing electrical signals and generating waveforms. The experiment aims to provide students with hands-on experience in using essential electronic test and measurement equipment.

Uploaded by

ali20051162005116
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of Anbar Lab.

Name: Electronic I
Experiment no.: 1
College of Engineering
Lab. Supervisor: Munther N. Thiyab
Dept. of Electrical Engineering

Experiment #1- Part#1


Equipment Familiarization

Object
To be familiar with the laboratory equipment and functions of each one.
Theory
In this laboratory exercise, you will familiarize yourself with the usage of
some of the most commonly used laboratory test and measurement equipment such
as the multimeter, dc power supply, oscilloscope, signal/function generator and
also the breadboard for test circuit construction.
 Oscilloscope
An oscilloscope, previously called an oscillograph, and informally known as a
scope or o-scope, CRO (for cathode-ray oscilloscope), or DSO (for the more
modern digital storage oscilloscope), is a type of electronic test instrument that
allows observation of varying signal voltages, usually as a two-dimensional plot
of one or more signals as a function of time. Other signals (such as sound or
vibration) can be converted to voltages and displayed.

1
University of Anbar Lab. Name: Electronic I
Experiment no.: 1
College of Engineering
Lab. Supervisor: Munther N. Thiyab
Dept. of Electrical Engineering

Oscilloscopes are used to observe the change of an electrical signal over time,
such that voltage and time describe a shape which is continuously graphed
against a calibrated scale. The observed waveform can be analyzed for such
properties as amplitude, frequency, rise time, time interval, distortion and
others. Modern digital instruments may calculate and display these properties
directly. Originally, calculation of these values required manually measuring
the waveform against the scales built into the screen of the instrument.
The oscilloscope can be adjusted so that repetitive signals can be observed as a
continuous shape on the screen. A storage oscilloscope allows single events to
be captured by the instrument and displayed for a relatively long time, allowing
observation of events too fast to be directly perceptible.
Oscilloscopes are used in the sciences, medicine, engineering, automotive and
the telecommunications industry. General-purpose instruments are used for
maintenance of electronic equipment and laboratory work. Special-purpose
oscilloscopes may be used for such purposes as analyzing an automotive
ignition system or to display the waveform of the heartbeat as an
electrocardiogram.
Early oscilloscopes used cathode ray tubes (CRTs) as their display element
(hence they were commonly referred to as CROs) and linear amplifiers for
signal processing. Storage oscilloscopes used special storage CRTs to maintain
a steady display of a single brief signal. CROs were later largely superseded by
digital storage oscilloscopes (DSOs) with thin panel displays, fast analog-to-
digital converters and digital signal processors. DSOs without integrated
displays (sometimes known as digitizers) are available at lower cost and use a
general-purpose digital computer to process and display waveforms.

 Function generator
A function generator is usually a piece of electronic test equipment or software
used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of
frequencies. Some of the most common waveforms produced by the function
generator are the sine wave, square wave, triangular wave and sawtooth shapes.
2
University of Anbar Lab. Name: Electronic I
Experiment no.: 1
College of Engineering
Lab. Supervisor: Munther N. Thiyab
Dept. of Electrical Engineering

These waveforms can be either repetitive or single-shot (which requires an


internal or external trigger source). Integrated circuits used to generate
waveforms may also be described as function generator ICs.

In addition to producing sine waves, function generators may typically produce


other repetitive waveforms including sawtooth and triangular waveforms,
square waves, and pulses. Another feature included on many function
generators is the ability to add a DC offset.
Although function generators cover both audio and RF frequencies, they are
usually not suitable for applications that need low distortion or stable frequency
signals. When those traits are required, other signal generators would be more
appropriate.
Some function generators can be phase-locked to an external signal source
(which may be a frequency reference) or another function generator.
Function generators are used in the development, test and repair of electronic
equipment. For example, they may be used as a signal source to test amplifiers
or to introduce an error signal into a control loop. Function generators are
primarily used for working with analog circuits, related pulse generators are
primarily used for working with digital circuits.

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