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Operator Overloading

The document discusses operator overloading and polymorphism in C++, explaining that polymorphism allows one interface to perform multiple actions and can be static or dynamic. It details how to overload functions and operators, specifying that most C++ operators can be overloaded except for a few exceptions, and emphasizes that while the semantics can be extended, the syntax cannot be changed. The document also outlines the syntax for defining operator overloading for both unary and binary operators, indicating that they can be implemented as member or friend functions.

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3 views

Operator Overloading

The document discusses operator overloading and polymorphism in C++, explaining that polymorphism allows one interface to perform multiple actions and can be static or dynamic. It details how to overload functions and operators, specifying that most C++ operators can be overloaded except for a few exceptions, and emphasizes that while the semantics can be extended, the syntax cannot be changed. The document also outlines the syntax for defining operator overloading for both unary and binary operators, indicating that they can be implemented as member or friend functions.

Uploaded by

devarsh.uchat123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operator overloading

Polymorphism
• Refers to ‘one name having many forms’,
‘one interface doing multiple actions’.
• In C++, polymorphism can be either
– static polymorphism or
– dynamic polymorphism.

• C++ implements static polymorphism through


– overloaded functions
– overloaded operators
Overloading
• Overloading – A name having two or
more distinct meanings

• Overloaded function - a function having


more than one distinct meanings

• Overloaded operator - When two or more


distinct meanings are defined for an
operator
Operator overloading
• Operator overloading provides a flexible
option for the creation of new definitions for
most of the C++ operators. We can overload
all the C++ operators except the following:
• Class members access operator (. , .*)
• Scope resolution operator (: :)
• Size operator(sizeof)
• Condition operator (? :)
• Although the semantics of an operator can be
extended, we can't change its syntax, the
grammatical rules that govern its use such as
the no of operands, precedence and
associativity. For example the multiplication
operator will enjoy higher precedence than
the addition operator.
• When an operator is overloaded, its original
meaning is not lost.
 An operator is overloaded by writing a non-static
member function definition or non-member function
definition as you normally would, except that the
function name starts with the keyword operator
followed by the symbol for the operator being
overloaded.
◦ For example, the function name operator+ would be used
to overload the addition operator (+) for use with objects of a
particular class.
DEFINING OPERATOR OVERLOADING:
• To define an additional task to an operator, we
must specify what it means in relation to the class
to which the operator is applied .
• Syntax:-
return-type class-name :: operator op( arg-list)
{
function body
}
• operator functions must be either member
function, or friend function.
Unary – operator overloading
• A unary operator for a class can be overloaded
as a non-static member function with no
arguments or as a non-member function with
one argument that must be an object (or a
reference to an object) of the class.
Unary – operator overloading(using
member function):
Unary – - operator overloading(using
friend function):
Overloading Binary Operators
• A binary operator can be overloaded as a non-
static member function with one parameter
or as a non-member function with two
parameters (one of those parameters must be
either a class object or a reference to a class
object).
Binary – operator overloading(using
member function):
Binary – operator overloading(using
friend function):

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