‫ﺕ‬

ِ ‫ﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ‬ ‫ﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ‬

ِ ‫ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭ‬
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‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽُﮐﺪ‬
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‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ‬

Information Technology – Persian

Information Interchange and
Display Mechanism, using Unicode

Final Version
‫ﺕ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ »ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮﻥ ﻓﻨ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽُﮐﺪ«‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺭﺋﯿﺲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺶ‪ ،‬ﯾﺤﯿﯽ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﻔﻬﺒﺪ ﻣﯿﺮﺣﺴﯿﻦﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺳﺮﺍﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺭﻧﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﺭ ﻭﺯﺑﻪ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩِ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﯽﺍﺻﻐﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﯿﻼﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﯿﺪ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺩﺑﯿﺮ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺎﻫﯽ‪ ،‬ﺯﻫﺮﺍ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻣٔﻮﺳﺴﻪﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﺼﯿﺤﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﯾﻢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ‪ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﭖ‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪۲‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﯾﻒ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪۳‬‬

‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪ ۱−۳‬ﻣﺘﻦ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪ ۲−۳‬ﺧﻂ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪ ۳−۳‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪ ۴−۳‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪ ۵−۳‬ﺷﮑﻞ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ ۶−۳‬ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫‪ ۷−۳‬ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪۴‬‬

‫‪۵‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪۵‬‬

‫‪۶‬‬ ‫‪ ۱−۵‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۷‬‬ ‫‪ ۲−۵‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼِ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬ ‫‪ ۳−۵‬ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬ ‫‪ ۴−۵‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬ ‫‪ ۵−۵‬ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۳‬‬ ‫‪ ۶−۵‬ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۱۴‬‬ ‫‪ ۷−۵‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۱۵‬‬ ‫‪ ۸−۵‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۱۶‬‬ ‫‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫‪ ۹−۵‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫‪۱۷‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۸‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺖﺏ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۱۸‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ ۱−‬ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۱۹‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ ۲−‬ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۲۰‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ ۳−‬ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩِ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۲۲‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ ۴−‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫‪۲۳‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺖﭖ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫‪۲۴‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑﺑﻨﺪﯼ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺕ‬

‫‪۲۵‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺖﺙ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫‪۲۶‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺖﺝ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫‪۲۸‬‬ ‫ﮐﺪِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺖﭺ‬

‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫‪۳۱‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ‪. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺡ‬

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‫ﺏ‬
 ‫ﭘﯿﺸﮕﻔﺘﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺲ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ« ﮐﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ »ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﮏ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ« ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﯾﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﯽ ﺍﻧﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﯿ ِ‬ ‫ﯼ ﻋﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻂ »ﺷﻮﺭﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺥ ‪ ۱۳۸۰/۱۲/۱۹‬ﻭ ‪ ۱۳۸۱/۲/۱۸‬ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ‬ ‫ﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺭﺍﯾﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭ ِ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪﯼ ﻣﻠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣ ٔﻮﺳﺴﻪﯼ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺭﺍ ِ‬
‫ﮏ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﯼ ‪ ۳‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺪﯾ ِ‬‫ﺗ ٔﺎﯾﯿﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻨﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎِﺩ ﺑﻨ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﻣﻠ ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺏ ﺑﻬﻤﻦﻣﺎِﻩ ‪ ۱۳۷۱‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻆ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺣﻔ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻠ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻤﯿﺴﯿﻮﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩِ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﯾﺎ ﺗﮑﻤﯿ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈِﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻂ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺿﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻠ ﯽ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﺪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﺑﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺣ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪1. The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 3.2.0, defined by:‬‬

‫‪The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0, Addison-Wesley, 2000, as amended by the‬‬

‫‪Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode 3.1‬‬

‫)‪(http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr27/‬‬

‫‪and by the Unicode Standard Annex #28: Unicode 3.2‬‬

‫‪(http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr28/).‬‬

‫‪2. ISO 10646-1:2000‬‬ ‫‪Information Technology – Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Char-‬‬

‫‪acter Set (UCS) – Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.‬‬

3. Dave Ragget, Arnaud Le Hors, Ian Jacobs, “HTML 4.01 Specification”, World Wide

Web Consortium, December 1999.

4. Tim Bray, Jean Paoli, C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, Eve Maler, “Extensible Markup

Language (XML) 1.0”, World Wide Web Consortium, Second Edition, October 2000.

5. Martin J. Dürst, François Yergeau, Richard Ishida, Misha Wolf, Asmus Freytag, Tex

Texin, “Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0”, World Wide Web Consor-

tium, Working Draft, April 2002.

.‫ ﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬۸ ِ‫ ُﮐﺪِ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬۱۳۷۲ ‫ﻝ‬

ِ ‫ ﺳﺎ‬:۳۳۴۲ ‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﻣﻠ‬.۶
ِ ِ

.‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ُ
ِ ‫ ﮐﺪِ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎ‬۱۳۶۷ ‫ﻝ‬
ِ ‫ ﺳﺎ‬:۲۹۰۰ ‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬
ِ
‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﻣﻠ‬.۷

.‫ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ‬۱۳۵۱ ‫ﻝ‬

ِ ‫ ﺳﺎ‬:۸۲۰ ‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﻣﻠ‬.۸
ِ

.۱۳۷۸ ،‫ﺏ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬

ِ ‫ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﺴﺘﺎﻥِ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺩ‬،‫ﻂ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
ِ ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﻮِﺭ ﺧ‬.۹

.۱۳۷۲ ،‫ ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶِ ﺩﻭﻡ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﮐِﺰ ﻧﺸِﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ‬،‫ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬.۱۰

،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎِﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘ ﯽ ﺷﺮﯾﻒ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﮐ ِﺰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬،«‫ ﻧﺘﺎﯾ ﺞ ﭘﺮ ﻭﮊﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗ ﯽ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ‬.۱۱
ِ ِ ِ
.۱۳۸۱ ‫ ﺗﺎ‬۱۳۷۷ ،‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺕ‬
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬

‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‬

‫ﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ )‪ (Unicode‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﺍﯼ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﺍﻃ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳ ﻄﻮﺡ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧ ﻪ ﻣ ﺸ ﺨﺺ ﻣ ﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐ ﻪ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺭ ﻭﺷ ﯽ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ‪ HTML‬ﻭ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﭘﯿﺶﻓﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻣﯽﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬

‫ﯼ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻭﺯﯼ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺛﺒﺎ ِ‬

‫ﺕ‬ ‫‪ XML‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻋﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪﯼ‬
‫ﻥ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮐﻢ ﺷﺪ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺷﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﻝ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠ‬
‫ﻥ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺖ ﻓﻦﺁﻭﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺰﺍﯾﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺻﻨﻌ ِ‬

‫ﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭِﺩ ‪ ۸‬ﺑﯿﺘﯽ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯿ ِ‬

‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ُ‬
‫ﺏ ﺧﻂ ﻭ ﺯﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﯿﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ُﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﺎِﺭ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻁ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻦ ُﮐ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻋﺪﺩﯼ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗ ٔﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻭ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ UTF-8 :‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺴﺘﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺟﻮِﺩ‬ ‫ُ‬

‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺳﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫‪ ۸‬ﺑ ﯿ ﺘ ﯽ )ﻣ ﻨ ﺎﺳ ﺐ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻣ ﺤ ﯿ ﻂﻫ ﺎﯼ ﻣ ﺒ ﺘ ﻨ ﯽ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ‪ ،ASCII‬ﺍﺯ ﺟ ﻤ ﻠ ﻪ ﺍﯾ ﻨ ﺘ ﺮﻧ ﺖ(‪ UTF-16 ،‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻣ ﺤﯿ ﻂﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۱۶‬ﺑﯿﺘ ﯽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ‪ UTF-32‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻣ ﺤﯿ ﻂﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۳۲‬ﺑﯿﺘ ﯽ‪ .‬ﻋ ﻼﻭﻩ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﮐﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺺ ُﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﺎﻣ ﻼً ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺑﯿﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠ ﯽ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﯿ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻞ ‪ ۱‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺼ ِ‬

‫ﺙ‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﺪِﺩ ﯾﮑﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ‪ ۰‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ۱’۱۱۴’۱۱۱‬ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺑ ﻪ ‪ ۱۷‬ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﻪﯼ ‪ ۶۵’۵۳۶‬ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﺍﯼ ﺗ ﻘ ﺴ ﯿ ﻢ ﻣ ﯽﺷ ﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﻪﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺻ ﻔ ﺤ ﻪﯼ ﭘ ﺎﯾ ﻪ ﻧ ﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﮐ ﺜ ِﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﻧﺪﻩﯼ ﺩﻧﯿﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻖ ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻓ ِ‬
‫ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﺎِﻡ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﯾﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ( ﺗ ﻬ ﯿ ﻪ ﺷ ﺪﻩ ﺍﺳ ﺖ ﻭ ﻗ ﺼ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺯﺑ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻧ ﻮﺷ ﺘ ﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻂ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ )ﺻ ﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻝﺧ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣ ﺎﺿ ﺮ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﺗ ﺒ ﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺩﺍﯾﺮﻩﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻂ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻥِ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﺵ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﮐﺮﺩ ِ‬

‫ﻞ ﻧﻘ ِ‬
‫ﻞﻗﻮﻝﻫﺎﯼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺭ ﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺬﻫﺒﯽ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﯼ ﮐﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺵ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻤﯿﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻼ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﻬﺎﯾ ِ‬ ‫ﮐﻤﯿﺘﻪﯼ ﻓﻨ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣ ﺎﺿﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟ ﯿﻦ ﺟﻠﺴ ﻪﯼ ﮐﻤ ﯿ ﺘ ﻪﯼ ﻣﻠ ﯽِ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺼﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ‪ 3.2‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﯾ ﺦ ‪ ۱۳۸۱/۱/۷‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺍﺧﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖِ ﺷﻮﺭﺍﯼ ﻋﺎﻟ ﯽ ﺍﻧﻔﻮﺭﻣﺎﺗﯿﮏِ ﮐﺸﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ »ﺭﯾﺎﻝ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﮐ ﺪِ ‪ ،U+FDFC‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺻﺤﯿ ﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﺍﯼ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ‬
 ‫ﻓّﻨﺎﻭﺭﯼِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ـــ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﯾﻮﻧﯽُﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫‪۱‬‬

‫ﻦ ﺷ ﯿ ﻮﻩﯼ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎﺩﻩﯼ ﺻ ﺤ ﯿ ﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽُﮐ ﺪ ﻭ‬

‫ﻦ ﺍﯾ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗ ﻌ ﯿ ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻫ ﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺗ ﺪﻭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧ ﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐ ﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﯿ ﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﯽ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﻭ ﻗ ﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﯽ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯼ ﺯﺑﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﯼ ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱِ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﻂ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫• ﻧﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻭ ُﮐ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧ ِ‬

‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻝ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬

‫ﻒ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝِ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫• ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠ ِ‬

‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﮐﺮﺩﻥِ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬

‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮِ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩِ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯ ِ‬

‫• ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫‪۱‬‬
 ‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﺷﮑﻨﯽ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‬

‫• ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺕ ﮐﻢﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫• ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼِ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪﯼ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫• ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦﻫﺎ‬

‫ﺖ ﺗﻼﺵِ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺁﻥﭼﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻬﺎﯾ ِ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑِ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤ ِ‬

‫ﻣﺸ ﺨﺼﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫ ﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑ ﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺯﮔ ﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﮐ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾ ﺎ ﺗﻐ ﯿ ﯿ ِﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚِ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ )ﻭ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ( ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺁﻥﭼﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾ ﻦِ ﻗﺴﻤ ﺖِ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ‪،‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﺷﺪﻥِ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﭘ ﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻫ ﯿ ﭻﮔ ﻮﻧ ﻪ ﻧ ﺎﺳ ﺎﺯﮔ ﺎﺭﯼﺍﯼ ﺑ ﺎ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﮎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻑ ﻣﺸﺘﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺧﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭ‪ ،‬ﮐﺮﺩﯼ ﻭ ‪ . . .‬ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﻂﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﮐ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ‬ ‫‪۲‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﯾﻦ‬
‫ﯼ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺭﺍﺗﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺣﺎﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﮎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻘﺮ ﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟ ﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺭﯾ ﺦ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﮎ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻊﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﻌﺪ ِ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺣﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬

‫ﮎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣ ﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ‬

‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮِﺩ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﯿﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻊ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﮑﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺫﯼﻧﻔ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈ ِﺮ ﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺪﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺗﺎﺭﯾ ﺦ ﭼﺎﭖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺗﺠﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻊ ﺑﺪﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﮎ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﺍﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩِ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪1. The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, available from‬‬

‫‪http://www.unicode.org/‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬
2. Mark Davis, “The Unicode Standard Annex #9, The Bidirectional Algorithm”,

available from http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr9/

3. Mark Davis, “The Unicode Standard Annex #13, Unicode Newline Guidelines”,

available from http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr13/

4. Mark Davis, Martin Dürst, “The Unicode Standard Annex #15, Unicode

Normalization Forms”, available from

http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/

5. François Yergeau, “UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646”, RFC 2279,

January 1998, available from http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt

6. Paul Hoffman, François Yergeau, “UTF-16, an encoding of ISO 10646”, RFC 2781,

February 2000, available from http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2781.txt

7. Mark Davis, “Unicode Standard Annex #19, UTF-32”,

available from http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr19/

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﯾﻒ‬ ۳

:‫ﻒ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‬

ِ ‫ﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﯾ‬/‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ۱−۳

text ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑ ِﺮ‬.‫ﻦ ﮐﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﯾﺎ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﺎﻣﭙﯿﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ً

ِ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ »ﻣﺘﻦ« ﻣﺘ‬
.‫ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‬

‫ﺧﻂ‬ ۲−۳

‫ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑ ِﺮ‬.‫ﺕ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‬

ِ ‫»ﺧﻂ« ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﮐﻠﻤﺎ‬

.‫ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‬script

۳
 ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫‪۳−۳‬‬

‫ﻞ ﺁﻥ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ character‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫»ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ« ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪِ ﻣﺘ ِ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫‪۴−۳‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬

‫»ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ« ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ character set‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ‬ ‫‪۵−۳‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﯼ‬

‫»ﺷﮑﻞ« ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ glyph‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫‪۶−۳‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺍﯼ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑ ِﺮ ‪ plain text‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ« ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫»ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫‪۷−۳‬‬

‫ﺹ ﯾﮏﺑﻪﯾﮏِ ﮐﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑِﺮ ‪ encode‬ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫»ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ« ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪۴‬‬

‫ﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ‪ U+n‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ n‬ﯾﮏ ﻋﺪِﺩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﯾﺎ ُﮐ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ‪ A‬ﺗﺎ ‪) F‬ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾ ﻦِ ‪۱۰‬‬
‫ﻑ ﻻﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ‪ 0‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،9‬ﻭ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ﺷﺶﺭﻗﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﺷﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻗﺎِﻡ ﻻﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺎ ‪ (۱۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺪِﺩ ‪ n‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺷﺮ ﻭﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜ ﻼً‪ U+12345 ،U+1234 ،U+0123 ،U+0012 ،U+0001 :‬ﻭ ‪ .U+102345‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ‪ U+‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ــ ‪ُ U+066B‬ﮐﺪِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﻣﻤﯿﺰِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻞ ‪ U+x..U+y‬ﯾﺎ ‪ x..y‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ x‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕ ِﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﯼ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣ ﻞِ ﺩﻭ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺧِﺮ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ــ ‪ U+0900..U+097F‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞِ ‪ُ ۱۲۸‬ﮐ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞِ ‪
U+x, U+y, . . . , U+z‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ُﮐ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺯ ﭼﭗ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﺎِﺩ ‪ U+‬ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﯾﮑﺘﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴ ﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻭ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﻭﻣ ﺎً ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪﯼ ﺩﻗﯿ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮِﺩ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩِ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪۵‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻗﯿﻘ ﺎً ﺑﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧ ﯽ‬

‫ﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﯼ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺫﮐﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺱ‬ ‫ً‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻗﯿﻘ ﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟ ﺎ ﮐ ﻪ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ‪ ISO/IEC 10646‬ﻣﻌ ﻨ ﺎﯼ ﭼ ﻨ ﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺸ ﺨﺼﯽ ﺑ ﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎ‬

‫ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬

‫‪۵‬‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺧﻼﻑِ ﺁﻥ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩِ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕ ﺮِ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﺑِﺮﯾﻞ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻂِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬ ‫‪۱−۵‬‬

‫ﻝ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬

‫ﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪LF‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄِﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪000A‬‬

‫‪CR‬‬ ‫ﺳِﺮ ﺳﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪000D‬‬

‫‪ZWNJ‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬ ‫‪200C‬‬

‫‪ZWJ‬‬ ‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪200D‬‬

‫‪LRM‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪200E‬‬

‫‪RLM‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬ ‫‪200F‬‬

‫‪LS‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫*‪2028‬‬

‫‪PS‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫*‪2029‬‬

‫‪LRE‬‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫*‪202A‬‬

‫‪RLE‬‬ ‫ﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘ ِ‬ ‫*‪202B‬‬

‫‪PDF‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥِ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫*‪202C‬‬

‫‪LRO‬‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫*‪202D‬‬

‫‪RLO‬‬ ‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬ ‫*‪202E‬‬

‫‪BOM‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐِ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪FEFF‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟ ﺐِ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﺮﺩﻥِ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‬

‫ﺐ‬
‫ﻥ ﺑ ﺎ ﻗ ﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺴ ﺘ ﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﺑﺴ ﺘ ﺮِ ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،CR ،LF‬ﯾ ﺎ ‪
CR, LF‬ﺍﺳ ﺘﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳ ﺘﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ LS‬ﻭ ‪ PS‬ﺩﺭ ﻣ ﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫‪ UTF-8‬ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺻﺤﯿ ﺢ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ﺖِ ﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۶‬‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻭ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝِ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺏ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎﯼ ‪ ،LRO ،PDF ،RLE ،LRE ،RLM ،LRM‬ﻭ ‪ RLO‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟ ﮕ ﻮﺭﯾ ﺘ ﻢ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۴‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ‪ BOM‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻤﯿﯿﺰ ﻣﺘﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ UTF-16‬ﻭ‬

‫‪ UTF-32‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ ‪ UTF-8‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺍً ﻧﻬﯽ‬

‫ﺖﭖ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻘﺎﺻ ﺪِ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬ ‫‪۲−۵‬‬

‫ﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪0020‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪002E‬‬

‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪003A‬‬

‫!‬ ‫ﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪0021‬‬

‫‪...‬‬ ‫ﺳﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‬ ‫*‪2026‬‬

‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬ ‫*‪2010‬‬

‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺮﻩﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪002D‬‬

‫|‬ ‫ﻂ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬ ‫‪007C‬‬

‫‪/‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬ ‫‪002F‬‬

‫\‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐِ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﺧ ِ‬ ‫‪005C‬‬

‫∗‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪002A‬‬

‫‪۷‬‬
 ‫ﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫)‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪0028‬‬

‫(‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪0029‬‬

‫]‬ ‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪005B‬‬

‫[‬ ‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪005D‬‬

‫}‬ ‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪007B‬‬

‫{‬ ‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪007D‬‬

‫»‬ ‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪00AB‬‬

‫«‬ ‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪00BB‬‬

‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ« ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ﺎً ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﯼ ﺗﺎﺭﯾﺦ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬

‫ﻥ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﺧ ِ‬

‫ﮐﺴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞِ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ »ﻣﻤﯿﺰِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« )‪ (U+066B‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪۱‬‬
‫= ‪۱/۴‬‬ ‫‪= ۰ ۲۵‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪۴‬‬
‫‪۱ ۴= ۱+‬‬
‫‪۱۰‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸ ﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ )ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻠﻔﻦِ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹِ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬

‫ﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﻔﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ﻞِ ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻼﺏﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »)« ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ً‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﻼ »ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ« )‪ (U+0028‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﺷﮑﻞِ »(« ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮ ﻭﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ »ﺗ ﯿ ﺮﻩﻣ ﻨ ﻬ ﺎ« ﻓ ﻘ ﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻣ ﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﺑ ﻪ ﮐ ﺎﺭ ﻣ ﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ ﮐ ﻪ ﺗ ﻔ ﮑ ﯿ ﮏِ »ﺧ ﻂِ ﺗ ﯿ ﺮﻩ«‬

‫)‪ (U+2010‬ﺍﺯ »ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ« )‪ (U+2212‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟ ﺐِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺑﻮﺩﻥِ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ‪ U+2010‬ﯾﺎ ‪ U+2212‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪۸‬‬
 ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪۳−۵‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﻋﻼﺋﻢِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬ ‫‪060C‬‬

‫؛‬ ‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬ ‫‪061B‬‬

‫؟‬ ‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳٔﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪061F‬‬

‫ـ‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪0640‬‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‬ ‫‪۴−۵‬‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۴‬ـــ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۰‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪06F0‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫‪06F1‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫‪06F2‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫‪06F3‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۴‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪06F4‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۵‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪06F5‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫‪06F6‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۷‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻔﺖ‬ ‫‪06F7‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۸‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ‬ ‫‪06F8‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪06F9‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪٫‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﯿِﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪066B‬‬

‫’‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪066C‬‬

‫‪۹‬‬
 ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۴‬ـــ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪٪‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻ ِ‬ ‫‪066A‬‬

‫‪+‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﻪﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫‪002B‬‬

‫‪−‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫*‪2212‬‬

‫×‬ ‫ﺖ ﺿﺮﺏ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪00D7‬‬

‫÷‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫*‪00F7‬‬

‫<‬ ‫ﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪003C‬‬

‫=‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪003D‬‬

‫>‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫‪003E‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ »ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ« ﻭ »ﻋﻼﻣ ﺖِ ﺑﺰ ﺭﮔﺘﺮ«‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿ ﺖِ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻦ‪ ،‬ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﺎﻥِ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪﯼ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ِ‬

‫ﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬ ‫‪۵−۵‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۵‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬

‫ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺀ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0621‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺁ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0622‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0627‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍٔ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0623‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0628‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭖ‬ ‫ﭖ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪067E‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪۱۰‬‬
 ‫ﻝ ‪ ۵‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪062A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺙ‬ ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪062B‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪062C‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭺ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭺ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0686‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺡ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺡ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪062D‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺥ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺥ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪062E‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪062F‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺫ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺫﺍﻝ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0630‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0631‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺯ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺯ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0632‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮊ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﮊ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0698‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺱ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0633‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0634‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺹ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0635‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺽ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺿﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0636‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻁ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻃﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0637‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻇﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0638‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻉ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0639‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻍ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻏﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪063A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0641‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0642‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪۱۱‬‬
 ‫ﻝ ‪ ۵‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪﯼ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﮎ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪06A9‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﮒ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮔﺎﻑ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪06AF‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻻﻡ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0644‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0645‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0646‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0648‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ٔﻭ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0624‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻫ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﻫ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0647‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﯼ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪06CC‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ٔ‬ ‫ﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0626‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺕ ‪ U+0622‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕِ ‪
U+0627, U+0653‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜ ﻼً »ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽِ ﺁ« ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺖﺙ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﮑ ﻞِ ﺗﮏﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﻣﺮﺟﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ«‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑ ﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫ ﺎﯼ »ﻋ«‪» ،‬ﻌ«‪» ،‬ﻊ« ﻭ »ﻉ« ﺩﯾ ﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞﻫ ﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾ ﺘ ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼ ﺎﻝِ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺗﻌ ﯿ ﯿﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ﺖِ ﺏ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۲‬‬
 ‫ﻑ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬ ‫‪۶−۵‬‬

‫ﻝ ‪ ۶‬ـــ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑِ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0625‬‬

‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0671‬‬

‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0643‬‬

‫ﺓ‬ ‫ﺕ ﮔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0629‬‬

‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪064A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0649‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻑ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ« ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽِ ﮐﺎﻑ« ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ« ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯼ« ﺑﻪﻫﯿﭻ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﯾﺎ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﺧﺎﺹِ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺜﺎﻝِ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ﻞِ ﺩﺭﺳ ِ‬

‫ﻥ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﻫﯿﭻﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪» .‬ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻑ ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭ‬
‫»ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪» .‬ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺳﺮﮐﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩِ ﻋﻼﻣﺘﯽ ﺷﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪﻭ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾﺮﺵ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ« ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑ ﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ« ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪» .‬ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥِ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۳‬‬
 ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪۷−۵‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪ ۷‬ـــ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﺑَِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﻓﺘﺤﻪ(‬ ‫‪064E‬‬

‫ﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﮐﺴﺮﻩ(‬ ‫‪0650‬‬

‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺿﻤﻪ(‬
‫ﭘﯿ ِ‬ ‫‪064F‬‬

‫ﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﺑَِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬ ‫‪064B‬‬

‫ﻦ ﺟﺮ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬ ‫‪064D‬‬

‫ﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ(‬
‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺩﻭﭘﯿ ِ‬ ‫‪064C‬‬

‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪﯾ ِ‬ ‫‪0651‬‬

‫ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﮐ ِ‬ ‫‪0652‬‬

‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣِ‬ ‫*‪0653‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪0654‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫*‪0655‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪0670‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺧﺎﺻﯿ ﺖِ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴ ﺐِ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻ ﯾﺎ ﺯﯾ ِﺮ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺗ ٔﺎﺛﯿ ﺮِ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺖﺏ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ« ﻭ »ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ« ﺭ ﻭﯼ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑ ﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ« ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﯼ«‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ »ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫»ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺶ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐِ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼً ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐِ »ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﻭ »ﺯﯾﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥِ »ﺯﯾﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾِﺮ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾِﺮ »ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ« ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۴‬‬
 ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪۸−۵‬‬

‫ﺪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﺯﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬

‫ﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺱ ﺗﻌﺮﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻝ ‪ ۸‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬

‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ٔﻩ‬ ‫ﻑ ِﻩ ﺍﺭﺩﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪06C0‬‬

‫‪۰‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺻﻔِﺮ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪0660‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫ﮏ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﯾ ِ‬ ‫‪0661‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩِﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪0662‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫ﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﺳ ِ‬ ‫‪0663‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﭼﻬﺎِﺭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪0664‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬ ‫‪0665‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫‪۶‬‬ ‫ﺶ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻢﺷ ِ‬ ‫ﺭﻗ‬ ‫‪0666‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۷‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﻔ ِ‬ ‫‪0667‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۸‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻫﺸ ِ‬ ‫‪0668‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪۹‬‬ ‫ﻪ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻧ ِ‬ ‫‪0669‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻓﻘ ﻂِ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻧﺎﻣﯽ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ‪ U+06C0‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬

‫ﻫ « )‪ (U+0647‬ﺑ ﻪﻫ ﻤ ﺮﺍﻩِ »ﻫ ﻤ ﺰﻩﯼ‬

‫ﻑ ﻓ ﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻋ ﺒ ﺎﺭﺍﺗ ﯽ ﻣ ﺜ ﻞِ »ﺧ ﺎﻧ ٔﻪ ﻣ ﺎ« ﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ »ﺣ ﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻧ ﻮﺷ ﺘ ِ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺭﺳ ﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ« )‪ (U+0654‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ‪
0647, 0654‬ﯾﺎ ‪
0647, 0654, 200C‬ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺯﺑﺎﻥِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺟﺎﯼﮔﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﮕﯿﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۵‬‬
 ‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۳‬ـــ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ )‪ (U+0660..U+0669‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻣﯿﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺷﺶِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﺰ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻥ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﯿﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅِ ﺟﻬﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪﯼ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ‬ ‫‪۹−۵‬‬

‫ﻥ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺰ‬

‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺥ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﭘﻮﺷﯽ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱِ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۶‬‬
 ‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺍﻟﻒ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‬
‫ِ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬

‫ﻞ ﺍﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ‬
‫ﯽ ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ﻦ ﺧﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻧﻮﺷﺘ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﺟﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺗﻔﺎﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠ ِ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﯾﺎﺿﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﭼﻨﺪﺯﺑﺎﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﺭ ﻭﺑﻪﺭ ﻭ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
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‫ﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻣﺘﻦ ﻣﯽﮔﺬﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺫﻫ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐِ ﻗﺎﺑ ِ‬
‫ﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺶ‬ ‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﻗﯿﻘ ﺎً ﺍﺯ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ »ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ«‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑِ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﯽ‬

‫ﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻬ ﺖِ ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺮ ﻭﺡ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼِ ﺿﻤﻨﯽﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﯼ ﻣﺘﻮﻥِ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ‪۱‬‬
‫ﻝ ﺟﻬ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺢ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬ ‫ﺶ ‪ ۱−۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺼﺤﯿ‬
‫ﺑﺨ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﯼِ ﻣﺘﻦ ﯾﺎ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﯼ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ( ﻧﺎﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨ ِ‬

‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۹‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۷‬‬
 ‫ﺖﺏ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ِ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬

‫ﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ َﺍﺷﮑﺎﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬

‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺏ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶِ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿِﺮ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﺍﻗ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺘﻮ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﭘﯿﹽﯿﺪﻩﺗﺮﯼ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﺜﻼً ﺩﺭ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻂِ ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻠﯿﻖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫ﻦ ﻧﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﭘ ﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ ﻢ ﺩﻭﺟ ﻬﺘ ﻪ ﺍﻧ ﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﯾﺎ‬

‫ﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻧ ﻈ ﺮ ﮔ ﺮﻓﺘ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯿﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺏ‪۱−‬‬

‫ﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺗ ٔﺎﺛﯿِﺮ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﯿﻮﻩﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿِﺮ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﯾﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﮔ ﺮﺩ«‪ .‬ﺑ ﺎ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟ ﻒ«‪» ،‬ﺩﺍﻝ«‪ِ» ،‬ﺭ«‪» ،‬ﻭﺍﻭ«‪ ،‬ﻭ » ِ‬
‫• ﺭﺍﺳ ﺖﻭﺻ ﻞ‪ :‬ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎﯼ ﺩﻭﺷ ﮑ ﻠ ﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗ ﺒ ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪ R‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻑ ‪ D‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺏ«‪» ،‬ﺟﯿﻢ«‪» ،‬ﺳﯿﻦ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺻﺎﺩ«‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻞ» ِ‬
‫• ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺕ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ«‪ .‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ« ﻭ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫• ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪ C‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻐﯿﯿ ِﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۱۸‬‬
‫ﻞ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻭ ﮐﻠﯿﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻏﯿ ِﺮ‬
‫• ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﻗﻄﻊﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻫﻤﺰﻩ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺋ ﻢ‬
‫ﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ‪ U‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺧﻂﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﯾﻮﻧﺎﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬

‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻞ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﯿ ِ‬
‫• ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‪ :‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣ ِ‬
‫ﻑ‪T‬‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ«‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫»ﺯَﺑﺮ«‪» ،‬ﺩﻭﺯَﺑﺮ«‪» ،‬ﺳﮑﻮﻥ«‪» ،‬ﺗﺸﺪﯾﺪ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟ ِ‬

‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻ ﻄ ﻼﺡ »ﻣﺘﺼ ﻞﺑ ﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻ ﻞ« ﻭ »ﻭﺍﺻ ﻞ«؛ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻ ﻄ ﻼﺡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫»ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ«‪» ،‬ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻭﺍﺻﻞ« ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯼ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐ ﻪ‬
‫ﺱ ﭘ ﺮ ﻭﻧ ﺪﻩﯼ ‪ ArabicShaping.txt‬ﺍﺯ ﭘ ﺮ ﻭﻧ ﺪﻩﻫ ﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍ ِ‬
‫ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫ ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﺎﯾ ﺪ ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ArabicShaping.txt‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻭ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝِ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻐﯿﯿِﺮ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﮐﺎﺭ‬

‫ﻑ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎﻭﺭ )ﻣ ﺜ ﻼً ﺩﺭ ﮐﻠﻤ ﻪﯼ »ﺧ ﺎﻧ ﻪﻫ ﺎ«(‪ ،‬ﯾ ﺎ‬

‫ﻝ ﺩﻭﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺭ ﻭﻧ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴ ﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻣﻤ ﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼ ﺎ ِ‬

‫ﻝ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ )ﻣﺜ ﻼً ﺩﺭ »ﻫ‪ .‬ﺵ‪ ،«.‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬

‫ﻥ ﻣﺨﻔ ﻒِ »ﻫﺠﺮﯼِ ﺷﻤﺴﯽ«(‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏِ ﺷﮑﻠﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑ ﻞِ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺏ‪۲−‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﺸﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ »ﺍﻭﻝ«‪،‬‬

‫»ﻭﺳﻂ«‪» ،‬ﺁﺧﺮ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ« ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﻭ ﺷﮑﻞِ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﻭ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﺭﺍ‬

‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪ .۱‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺷﻔﺎﻑ« ﺭﻓﺘﺎِﺭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟ ﯽ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ؛ ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻑ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﻏﯿِﺮ ﺷﻔﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖِ ﭼﭗ‪(.‬‬

‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫»ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .۳‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞِ »ﻭﺳﻂ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .۴‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬

‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ« ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬
‫‪ .۵‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ »ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »ﺍﻭﻝ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬

‫‪ .۶‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞِ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﺩﺭ ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۱‬ـــ ﺩﺭ ﺻ ﻮﺭﺗ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﻭﻟ ﯿ ﻦ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ ﻏ ﯿ ِﺮ»ﺷ ﻔ ﺎﻑ« ﺳ ﻄ ﺮ ﯾ ﺎ ﺑ ﻨ ﺪِ ﺧ ﻮﺩ ﺑ ﺎﺷ ﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ﺖِ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ »ﻓﺎﺻﻞ« ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﯿﻦﻃﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﺍﯼ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ‬

‫ﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖِ ﭼﭙﺶ »ﻓﺎﺻﻞ« ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﯿِﺮ»ﺷﻔﺎﻑ« ﺳﻄﺮ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻨ ِ‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ‪ ۲‬ـــ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥﺟﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘ ﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺱ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﭗ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬

‫ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺏ‪۳−‬‬

‫ﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﯼ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬

‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬

‫ﺱ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﯼ ‪ ArabicShaping.txt‬ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﯼِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺁﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﯼ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫‪http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/ArabicShaping.txt‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻑ ﺷ ﮑ ﻞﭘ ﺬﯾ ﺮﯼ ﮐ ﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻦ ﺍﯾ ﻦ ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣ ﺮ ﻭ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺗ ﺪﻭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺱ ﺁﺧ ﺮﯾ ﻦ ﻧ ﺴ ﺨ ﻪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳ ﺖﺭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑ ﺮ ﺍﺳ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۵−۵‬ﻭ ‪ ۶−۵‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪۲۰‬‬
 ‫ﻝ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺖ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ‪ ۹‬ـــ ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭ ِ‬

‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻩﯼ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻻﺗﯿﻦ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﮔﺮ ﻭﻩ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫»ﺁ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟﻒ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪ALEF‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ‬

‫»ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻭﺻﻞ«‬

‫ﺙ«‬
‫ﺕ«‪ ،‬ﻭ » ِ‬
‫ﭖ«‪ِ » ،‬‬
‫ﺏ«‪ِ » ،‬‬
‫» ِ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪BEH‬‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ِ‬
‫»ﺟﯿﻢ«‪» ،‬ﭺ«‪» ،‬ﺡ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺥ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪HAH‬‬ ‫ﺡ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫»ﺩﺍﻝ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺫﺍﻝ«‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪DAL‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻝ‬

‫»ِﺭ«‪ِ» ،‬ﺯ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ِﮊ«‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪REH‬‬ ‫ِﺭ‬

‫»ﺳﯿﻦ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺷﯿﻦ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪SEEN‬‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻦ‬

‫»ﺻﺎﺩ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﺿﺎﺩ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪SAD‬‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺩ‬

‫»ﻃﺎ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻇﺎ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪TAH‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎ‬

‫»ﻋﯿﻦ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻏﯿﻦ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪AIN‬‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻦ‬

‫ﻑ«‬
‫» ِ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪FEH‬‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ِ‬

‫»ﻗﺎﻑ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪QAF‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻑ‬

‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ«‬
‫»ﮐﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪KAF‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬

‫»ﮐﺎﻑ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﮔﺎﻑ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪GAF‬‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻑ‬

‫»ﻻﻡ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪LAM‬‬ ‫ﻻﻡ‬

‫»ﻣﯿﻢ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪MEEM‬‬ ‫ﻣﯿﻢ‬

‫»ﻧﻮﻥ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪NOON‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻥ‬

‫»ﻭﺍﻭ«‪ ،‬ﻭ »ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪WAW‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻭ‬

‫»ِﻫ«‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪HEH‬‬ ‫ِﻫ‬

‫»ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ«‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪TEH MARBUTA‬‬ ‫ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ‬

‫ﯼ«‪» ،‬ﯼِ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪» ،‬ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ«‪،‬‬

‫» ِ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬ ‫‪YEH‬‬ ‫ﯼ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻭ »ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ«‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖِ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩﯼ ‪ ArabicShaping.txt‬ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۱‬‬
 ‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪۴−‬‬

‫ﻝ ﭼﻨﺪﺣﺮﻓﯽﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً‬ ‫َ‬

‫ِ‬ ‫ﻢ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﮑﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ﻭ ِ‬

‫ﻞ » « ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯼ« ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻑ« ﻭ » ِ‬
‫ﺐ» ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻻ«‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺮﮐﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬

‫ﻝ »ﺍﻟﻒ« )‪ (ALEF‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻑ ﺩﻭﻣﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻝ »ﻻﻡ« )‪ (LAM‬ﻭ ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻭﻟﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻞ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻢ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﯾ ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎِﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﯾﮋﻩﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻣﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻩﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺼﺮ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻝ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ِﺍﻋﻤﺎ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﯽﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .۱‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺷﻔﺎﻑ« ﺭﻓﺘﺎِﺭ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »ﻭﺳﻂ«‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ .۲‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﯼ »ﻻﻡﺍﻟﻒ« ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺖ ﭼﭙﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »ﺍﻭﻝ«‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ .۳‬ﻫﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﺁﺧﺮ« ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﯼ »ﻻﻡﺍﻟﻒ« ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺖ ﭼﭙﺶ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮ ﻭِﻩ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻭ ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺳﻤ ِ‬

‫ﻞ »ﺗﻨﻬﺎ« ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﻣﯽﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﺷﮑ ِ‬

‫ﻦ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮِﺭ ﭘﯿﺸﻔﺮﺽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﯽ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫‪ .۴‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﯿ ِ‬

‫ﻞ ﻟ ﯿ ﮕ ﺎﺗ ﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣ ﻮﺟ ﻮﺩ ﺑ ﻮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣ ﺠ ﺎﺯﯼ« ﻗ ﺮﺍﺭ ﮔ ﯿ ﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻ ﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﯾ ﮏ ﯾ ﺎ ﭼ ﻨ ﺪ ﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﯼ »ﺍﺗ ﺼ ﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻞ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻢ ﻣﻮﺭِﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﮑ ِ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻠ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻞ ﻋﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﺩﻭ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ« ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫‪ .۵‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ«‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ﻼً ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ »ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻞ »ﻟﺎ« ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬
‫ﺑﯿ ﻦِ »ﻻﻡ« ﻭ »ﺍﻟﻒ« ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۲‬‬
 ‫ﺖﭖ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬

‫ﻝ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ‪ ،UTF-16 ،UTF-8‬ﻭ ‪ ،UTF-32‬ﻣﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮﺷﺎﻥ )ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ (UTF-16‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻼً ‪ ،UTF-16LE‬ﺣﺎﻟ ِ‬

‫ﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑ ﺮﺩﻫ ﺎﯾ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗ ﺎﻟ ﺐﻫ ﺎﯼ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪﯼ ﺧ ﺮ ﻭﺟ ﯽ ﻣ ﯽﺩﻫ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾ ﺎ ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﯼ ﻗ ﺒ ﻮﻝ ﻣ ﯽﮐ ﻨ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﻮﻇ ﻔ ﻨ ﺪ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ،UTF-16 ،UTF-8‬ﻭ ‪ ،UTF-32‬ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺍﺯ ‪ ،RFC 2781 ،RFC 2279‬ﻭ‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﻔ ﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺿ ﻤ ﯿ ﻤ ﻪﯼ ‪ ۱۹‬ﺍﺳ ﺘ ﺎﻧ ﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾ ﻮﻧ ﯽﮐ ﺪ ﭘ ﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐ ﻨ ﻨ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻ ﻮﺭﺗ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑ ﺮﺩﻫ ﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻗ ﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ‪ U+FEFF‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ‬

‫ﺖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻥ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﯼ ﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﯼﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺷﺶ ﻧﮑﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝِ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪۱۵‬‬

‫ﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩِ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪) .‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎ ِ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖِ ﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪(.‬‬

‫‪۲۳‬‬
 ‫ﺖﺕ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﺳﻄﺮﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﮔﺮﺍﻑﺑﻨﺪﯼ‬

‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻣﯽ(‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱِ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۱۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬

‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺨﺺﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ﻓﻮﻕﺍﻟﺬﮐﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﯽ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ« )‪ (U+2028‬ﻭ »ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ«‬

‫ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﺘِﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺹ ﺟﺪﺍﮐﺮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺨﺼﻮ ِ‬
‫)‪ (U+2029‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬

‫ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ‪ ،U+000D ،U+000A‬ﯾﺎ ‪
U+000D, U+000A‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۴‬‬
 ‫ﺖﺙ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ‬

‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ(‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮ ﻭﻑ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺭ ﻭﺵﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ‬

‫ﺷﻮﺩ )ﻣﺜﻼً ﮐﻠﻤﻪﯼ »ﻣٔﻮﻣﻦ« ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ »ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ‬

‫»ﻭﺍﻭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ« ُﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ(‪ ،‬ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮِﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺧﺮ ﻭﺟﯽﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻝ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺿﻤﯿﻤﻪﯼ ‪ ۱۵‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺕ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺕ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝِ ‪(Normalizaion Form C) C‬‬

‫ﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ﻣﺮّﺟﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩ ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍ ِ‬

‫ﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪﺷﺪ ِ‬

‫ﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ِ‬
‫ﺐ ‪ UTF-8‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠ ِ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﺎﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻨﺴﺮﺳﯿﻮﻡ ‪ ،World Wide Web‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ HTML‬ﻭ ‪ ،XML‬ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﻞ ﻣ ﺨﺘ ﻠ ﻒ ﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﻪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬

‫ﻞ‬ ‫ﻝ ‪ ،«C‬ﻧﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﻫﺎﯾ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﻣ ﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑ ﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺷﮑ ِ‬
‫ﺕ ﻧ ﺮﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺩﺭ »ﺻﻮﺭ ِ‬

‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﺣ ﺪﯼ ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﺣ ﺎﻟ ﺖﻫ ﺎﯾ ﯽ ﮐ ﻪ ﭼ ﻨ ﺪ ﻋ ﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ﺖ‬ ‫ﺗ ﮏﻧ ﻮﯾ ﺴ ﻪﺍﯼ ﮐ ﺪﮔ ﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﻣ ﯽﺷ ﻮﻧ ﺪ‪ .‬ﺑ ﻪﻋ ﻼﻭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﺮﺗ ﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭ ﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺣﺮﻑِ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﻑ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﺮﻣﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮ ِ‬

‫ﺭﺷﺘ ﻪﻫﺎﯼ »ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯ« ﺭﺍ ﺗ ﺸ ﺨﯿﺺ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑ ﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻃ ﻼﻉ ﺑﯿ ﺸﺘ ﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑ ﻪ ﻓﺼ ﻞﻫﺎﯼ ‪ ۲‬ﻭ ‪ ۳‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧ ﯽﮐﺪ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﯾ ﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﮐ ﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫ ﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧ ﻨ ﺪ ﻻﯾ ﻪﻫ ﺎﯼ ﺑ ﺎﻻﺗﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ »ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼ« ﺭﺍ ﻧ ﯿﺰ ﭘﺸ ﺘ ﯿ ﺒ ﺎﻧﯽ ﮐ ﻨ ﻨ ﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣ ﺜ ﻼً‬

‫ﯼ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ‬
‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ«‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿ ﻦِ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ » ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﯿ ﻦِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ »ﮐﺎﻑ« ﻭ »ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯ ِ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ« ﻭ »ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ«‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻢﺍﺭ ﺯﯼﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﯽﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪۲۵‬‬
 ‫ﺖﺝ‬
ِ ‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ‬

‫ﻭﺍﮊﻩﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬

(‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ‬

right-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﻭﺻﻞ‬presentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬

string . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‬information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬

embedding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬Cursive Joining Algorithm . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬

ِ
subtext . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬Bidirectional Algorithm . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺭﯾﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﻬﺘﻪ‬
ِ
data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬

insert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺩﺭﺝ‬ ideographic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺍﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪﻧﮕﺎﺭ‬

device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬octet/byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﺎﯾﺖ‬

dual-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺩﻭﻭﺻﻞ‬platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬

storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﻠﻮﮎ‬

conformant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬paragraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﻨﺪ‬

line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺳﻄﺮ‬processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‬

line-breaking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺳﻄﺮﺷﮑﻨﯽ‬file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﺮ ﻭﻧﺪﻩ‬

transparent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ‬support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﺸﺘﯿﺒﺎﻧﯽ‬

glyph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞ‬conform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭘﯽﺭ ﻭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

final form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺁﺧﺮ‬interchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬

initial form. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺍﻭﻝ‬visual order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐِ ﺩﯾﺪﺍﺭﯼ‬

isolated form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺷﮑﻞِ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ‬ logical order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺐ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﯾﯽ‬

ِ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿ‬
presentation form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ‬left-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﭼﭗﻭﺻﻞ‬

medial form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺷﮑﻞِ ﻭﺳﻂ‬delete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺣﺬﻑ‬

Basic Multilingual Plane . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬letter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺣﺮﻑ‬

sign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ‬script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺧﻂ‬

۲۶
character set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ‬ non-joining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻞ‬

environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬ encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‬

symbol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ‬transformation format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐِ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ‬

display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ‬mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﺮﯾﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬

document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎﺭ‬font . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻗﻠﻢ‬

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﺑﯽﻋﺮﺽ‬/‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ‬application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬

combining/non-spacing character . . . . . . . . . . . . . code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ُﮐﺪ‬

private use character . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ‬to encode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ُﮐﺪﮔﺬﺍﺭﯼ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ‬

base letter/character . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﺮﺳﯽ‬ligature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻟﯿﮕﺎﺗﻮﺭ‬

control character . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﯼ ﮐﻨﺘﺮﻟﯽ‬text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬

entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﯼ‬ plain text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﻦِ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬

join-causing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻭﺍﺻﻞ‬ left join-causing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬

edit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻭﯾﺮﺍﯾﺶ‬ right join-causing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬

۲۷
 ‫ﺖﭺ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﮐِ‬

‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ(‬

‫ﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺒﺎﯾﯽ‬
‫ﺖ ﮐﺪﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪0623 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪007B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺏِ ‪0628 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪007D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭖِ ‪067E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝِ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ ‪200D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺕِ ‪062A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‪0670. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺙِ ‪062B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥِ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ ‪202C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﻢ ‪062C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ‪0028 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭺ ‪0686 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪0029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺡ ‪062D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺶِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺿﻤﻪ(‪064F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺥ ‪062E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪0651 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪﯾ ِ‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ ‪062F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺮﻩﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪002D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺫﺍﻝ ‪0630 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪2029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺭِ ‪0631 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ ‪2028 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺯِ ‪0632 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪066C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮊِ ‪0698 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ‪0625 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻦ ‪0633 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒِ ﻭﺻﻞ ‪0671 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻦ ‪0634 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ ‪0629 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﺎﺩ‪0635 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺁ ‪0622 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺿﺎﺩ‪0636 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ‪0627 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪۲۸‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺟﺮ( ‪064D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻃﺎ ‪0637 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻇﺎ ‪ 0638 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪003A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ‪ 0639 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ ‪06F5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻏﯿﻦ‪ 063A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ‪06F4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻑِ ‪ 0641 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻭ ‪06F2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺎﻑ ‪ 0642 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ ‪06F3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ ‪ 06A9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺶ ‪06F6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮔﺎﻑ ‪ 06AF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ ‪06F0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻻﻡ ‪ 0644 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻪ ‪06F9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﻢ ‪ 0645 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ ‪06F8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻮﻥ ‪ 0646 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻔﺖ‪06F7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ‪ 0648 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‪06F1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﻓﺘﺤﻪ( ‪064E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪0624 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﮐﺴﺮﻩ( ‪0650 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫِ ‪0647 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ ‪ 0621 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪202D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯼِ ‪ 06CC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ‪202E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪ 0626 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪202A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎﻑِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ‪ 0643 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ‪202B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬

‫ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪0652 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﮐ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪0649 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻑ ﯼِ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ ‪ 064A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ‪002A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺳﺮِ ﺳﻄﺮ ‪000D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂِ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ ‪002F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺳﻄﺮِ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪000A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬ ‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾﺐِ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ ‪005C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺧ ِ‬

‫ﺧﻂِ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ ‪ 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﺳﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ ‪2026 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺧﻂِ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ ‪ 007C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪0020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪ 066A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ ‪200C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻ ِ‬

‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺭﻓﻊ( ‪ 064C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪005B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺩﻭﭘﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ( ‪ 064B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪005D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬

‫‪۲۹‬‬
‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪ 0640 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪2212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪0653 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻣِ‬ ‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ‪00AB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ‪ 00BB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻣﻤﯿِﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪066B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ ‪FEFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﺰ ﺭﮔﺘﺮ‪ 003E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﻪﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ‪ 002B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ ‪200E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ ‪ 0021 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ ‪200F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ‪ 00F7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ‪002E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪061B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪ 061F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳٔﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ‪060C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺿﺮﺏ ‪00D7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ‪ 003C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ‪0654 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ ‪ 003D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ‪0655 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪۳۰‬‬
 ‫ﺖﺡ‬
‫ﭘﯿﻮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎ‬
‫ِ‬

‫)ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ(‬

‫ﺪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ‬
‫ﺐﮐِ‬
‫ﺖ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﯼ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭِﺩ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺮﺳ ِ‬

‫ﯾﻮﻧﯽﮐﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪007B‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮِ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫‪000A‬‬

‫ﺧﻂِ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﯼ‬ ‫‪007C‬‬ ‫ﺳِﺮ ﺳﻄﺮ‬ ‫‪000D‬‬

‫ﺁ ﮐﻮﻻﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪007D‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪0020‬‬

‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪00AB‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺗﻌﺠﺐ‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪0021‬‬

‫ﮔﯿﻮﻣﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪00BB‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪0028‬‬

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺿﺮﺏ‬ ‫‪00D7‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺍﻧﺘﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪0029‬‬

‫ﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫*‪00F7‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪002A‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬ ‫‪060C‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺑﻪﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬ ‫‪002B‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪﻭﯾﺮﮔﻮ ِ‬ ‫‪061B‬‬ ‫ﺗﯿﺮﻩﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪002D‬‬

‫ﻝ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺖ ﺳٔﻮﺍ ِ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪061F‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪002E‬‬

‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻤﺰﻩ‬ ‫‪0621‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂِ ﺍﺭﯾﺐ‬ ‫‪002F‬‬

‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺁ‬ ‫‪0622‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬ ‫‪003A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪0623‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪003C‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪0624‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﯼ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪003D‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﺍﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫*‪0625‬‬ ‫ﺖ ﺑﺰ ﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫‪003E‬‬

‫ﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫‪0626‬‬ ‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫‪005B‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺍﻟﻒ‬ ‫‪0627‬‬ ‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﺭ ﻭ‬
‫ﻂ ﺍﺭﯾ ِ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬ ‫‪005C‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺏ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫‪0628‬‬ ‫ﮐﺮ ﻭﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫‪005D‬‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪۳۱‬‬
 ‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﯽﻧﻘﻄﻪ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0649‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﺕِ ﮔﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫‪0629‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪﺩﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻑ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪064A‬‬ ‫ﺕ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫‪062A‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻧﺼﺐ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾ ِ‬ ‫‪064B‬‬ ‫ﺙ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫‪062B‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺶ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺭﻓﻊ(‬
‫ﺩﻭﭘﯿ ِ‬ ‫‪064C‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺟﯿﻢ‬ ‫‪062C‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺗﻨﻮﯾﻦِ ﺟﺮ(‬ ‫‪064D‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺡ‬ ‫‪062D‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﺯﺑَﺮِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﻓﺘﺤﻪ(‬ ‫‪064E‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺥ‬ ‫‪062E‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺶِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﺿﻤﻪ(‬ ‫‪064F‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪062F‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﯾِﺮ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ )ﮐﺴﺮﻩ(‬ ‫‪0650‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺫﺍﻝ‬ ‫‪0630‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺪﯾ ِ‬ ‫‪0651‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺭ‬ ‫‪0631‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺳﺎﮐ ِ‬ ‫‪0652‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﺯ‬ ‫‪0632‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﻣِ‬ ‫*‪0653‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪0633‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫‪0654‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪0634‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻫﻤﺰﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫*‪0655‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪0635‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺪ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻ ِ‬ ‫‪066A‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺿﺎﺩ‬ ‫‪0636‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻣﻤﯿِﺰ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪066B‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻃﺎ‬ ‫‪0637‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪066C‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻇﺎ‬ ‫‪0638‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﻩﯼ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬
‫ﺍﻟ ِ‬ ‫‪0670‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪0639‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﻒ ﻭﺻﻞ‬
‫ﻑ ﺍﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0671‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻏﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪063A‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭖ‬ ‫‪067E‬‬ ‫ﮐﺸﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ‬ ‫‪0640‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭺ‬ ‫‪0686‬‬ ‫ﻑ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫‪0641‬‬
‫ِ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﮊ‬ ‫‪0698‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻗﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪0642‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮐﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪06A9‬‬ ‫ﻑ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ‬
‫ﻑ ﮐﺎ ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮ ِ‬ ‫*‪0643‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﮔﺎﻑ‬ ‫‪06AF‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻻﻡ‬ ‫‪0644‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﯼ‬
‫ﯽ ِ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳ‬ ‫‪06CC‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﻢ‬ ‫‪0645‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫‪06F0‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪0646‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﯾﮏ‬ ‫‪06F1‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ِﻫ‬ ‫‪0647‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫‪06F2‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻑِ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻭﺍﻭ‬ ‫‪0648‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫‪۳۲‬‬
 ‫ﻂ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺧ ِ‬ ‫*‪2010‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫‪06F3‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺳﻪﻧﻘﻄﻪﯼ ﺍﻓﻘﯽ‬ ‫*‪2026‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪06F4‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺳﻄﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫*‪2028‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫‪06F5‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩﯼ ﺑﻨﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫*‪2029‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﺷﺶ‬ ‫‪06F6‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫*‪202A‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﻔﺖ‬ ‫‪06F7‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬ ‫*‪202B‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻫﺸﺖ‬ ‫‪06F8‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﻥ ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﺎ ِ‬ ‫*‪202C‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﯽ ﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪06F9‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫*‪202D‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﯼ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬ ‫‪200C‬‬

‫ﺯﯾﺮﻣﺘﻦِ ﺍﮐﯿﺪﺍً ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬ ‫*‪202E‬‬ ‫ﻝ ﻣﺠﺎﺯﯼ‬

‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪200D‬‬

‫ﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻣ ِ‬ ‫*‪2212‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﭼﭗﺑﻪﺭﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫‪200E‬‬

‫ﺐ ﺑﺎﯾﺖﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺗﺮﺗﯿ ِ‬ ‫‪FEFF‬‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﯼ ﺭﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪﭼﭗ‬ ‫‪200F‬‬

‫ﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﯼ ـــ ﻋﻼﻣﺖِ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖِ ﺭﺍﺳﺖِ ﮐﺪِ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﻪﻣﻌﻨﺎﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺑﻮﺩ ِ‬

‫‪۳۳‬‬