COURSE- Electrical Machines I

Course Tutor: Prof. Shabari Nath

Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, IIT Guwahati

Teaching Assistant: Avishek Munsi

Research Scholar, Department of Electrical Engineering
IIT JODHPUR

14/03/2025
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AGENDA
WEEK-4:

• Snubber Design

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Snubber Design
• The snubber is used to suppress high-frequency oscillations associated with reverse recovery effects in power
semiconductor applications.

• Inductor current is established in the red loop;

• Q2 is off and current is flowing through Q1 body diode.
• When Q2 is turned on, current “commutates” to the blue loop and the
reverse recovery effect occurs in Q1.

The effect of Q1 reverse recovery on the VDS waveform of Q2

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Snubber Design
• The equivalent circuit is

• LLK is the total stray or “leakage” inductance comprised of PCB trace inductance, device package inductance, etc.

• The parasitic capacitance CLK is mainly due to Coss of the upper (Q1) device

" Coss " refers to the output capacitance, which is the sum of the gate-drain and drain-source capacitances

(Coss = Cgd + Cds)

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Snubber Design
• Q2 is treated as a simple switch. The oscillation can be eliminated (snubbed) by placing an RC circuit across Q1
drain-source.

Equivalent circuit with snubber components RS and CS

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Snubber Design

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Snubber Design

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Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 1
• We must first determine CLK and LLK. We could attempt to measure CLK and LLK directly, but a more elegant method
can be used. For this LC circuit, we know that:

where fRING0 is the frequency of oscillation without a snubber in place.

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 1

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 2
If we add an extra additional capacitor across Q1 (Cadd), the initial oscillation frequency from fRING0 to fRING1
(fRING1 < fRING0) will change.

where:

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 2 Adding 1nF Capacitor

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 2
23.38
𝑥= = 1.57
14.88

1𝑛𝐹
𝐶𝐿𝐾 = 2
= 680.83𝑝𝐹
1.57 − 1

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 3

1
𝐿𝐿𝐾 = = 68.06 𝑛𝐻
2 × 𝜋 × 23.38 × 106 2 × 680.83 × 10−12

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 4 To limit the current flowing through the snubber circuit and a higher value of RS is desired. Therefore,
ζ=0.5 has been used here for calculating the value of RS to get a good compromise between permissible
oscillation and power loss.

𝟏 𝟔𝟖. 𝟎𝟔 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟗
𝑹𝑺 = × √ −𝟏𝟐
= 𝟒. 𝟗𝟗 Ω
𝟐 𝟔𝟖𝟎. 𝟖𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 5 • A snubber capacitor is chosen to allow the ringing frequency to pass through while blocking lower
frequencies and DC. The goal is to keep the RC time constant of the snubber greater than the period of
the ringing frequency but lower than the shortest expected on-time of the MOSFET.

3 3
𝐶𝑆 = = 6
= 25𝑛𝐹
𝑅𝑆 𝑓𝑜𝑠𝑐 4.99 × 23.38 × 10

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RC Snubber Design Steps
Step : 5

• Hence adding Rs and Cs here we can observe that there is no ringing at the voltage waveform.

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Problem Solving

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

1. From the datasheet, the dv/dt limit for the body diode is obtained as . . . . (V/ns)

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

1. From the datasheet, the dv/dt limit for the body diode is obtained as . . . . (V/ns)

59
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

1. From the datasheet, the dv/dt limit for the body diode is obtained as . . . . (V/ns)

60
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

1. From the datasheet, the dv/dt limit for the body diode is obtained as . . . . (V/ns)

Ans: 7.40 V/ns

61
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

2. Using the typical values of Qrr and trr given in datasheet, the reverse recovery current Irr is calculated as . . . ..... (A)

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

2. Using the typical values of Qrr and trr given in datasheet, the reverse recovery current Irr is calculated as . . . ..... (A)

63
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

2. Using the typical values of Qrr and trr given in datasheet, the reverse recovery current Irr is calculated as . . . ..... (A)

64
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

The power electronics engineer uses the following limits to design RC snubber for the body diode:
• Peak voltage limit, E1 = 2 X Input voltage
• ( dv/dt )av limit = half of dv/dt limit given in datasheet for body diode
First, design the snubber by limiting the peak voltage

3. Find value of E1/E is ......

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

The power electronics engineer uses the following limits to design RC snubber for the body diode:
• Peak voltage limit, E1 = 2 X Input voltage
• ( dv/dt )av limit = half of dv/dt limit given in datasheet for body diode
First, design the snubber by limiting the peak voltage

3. Find value of E1/E is ......

E1 = 2 X Input voltage
= 2.00

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

67
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

4. Find the value of Cs .... (pF).
5. Find the value of Rs ....(Ω)

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

4. Find the value of Cs .... (pF).

5. Find the value of Rs ....(Ω)

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Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

70
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

71
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

72
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

73
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

74
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

75
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

76
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

77
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

78
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

79
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

80
Problem Solving
A buck converter is designed using two MOSFETs (Manufacturer part no: IRF530NPbF). One MOSFET is used like
a switch by giving gate pulses. Second MOSFET is used like a diode i.e. its body diode is only used and no gate pulse
is given. The input voltage of the buck converter is 45V.

The value of parasitic inductance is estimated as Lp = 8 nH.

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Problem Solving
12. The function of the diode in a RCD snubber circuit is :
Ans: d) To stop the passage of reverse current

13. What happens to the excess energy that the components of a RC snubber absorb?
Ans: b) It dissipates as heat.

14. Put the devices in increasing order of switching losses.

Ans: d) Normal snubber < Small snubber < No snubber

15. RC snubbers can be designed by :

Ans: a) Limiting peak voltage across switch.
b) Limiting dv/dt of switch

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