java

#java is a programing language.

#its a high level language.

android-kotlin

ios-swift

microsoft-c&.net>>>>RUST>>>>c,c++,java.

#java is a object oriented programming language.

Object-creating place to convert real world entity into virtual world

entity(virtual representation of a real world entity)

eg:separate containers in kitchen.

#java is platform independent(eg: instagram is working in all phones

perfectly)

OS,Processor,hdd/ssd,ram+cpu

file in which we write the code is source file. CPU

ARCHETECTURE:34BIT,64BIT...

source code(java)>>Bytecode(class file)[not high level..its inbetween

some kind of code$%+hell-]

Because of bytecode java is platform independent.

all of languages like c,fortran,cobol,vb,pascal is procedural oriented(top to

bottom rule)

#java is secured language(i dont need to give my source code bytecode is

enough to give someone else).

whenever we try to execute source file in different platform we need to

execute the class file.

#java is a multi-threaded language(thread-task)eg:like share comment

while video is playing.

#java has garbage collector(if something that is within the storage area is
not required will be removed)

*its a feature of java(software)..which helps in clearing out the old

memory or waste memory.

#How to write a java program:

1.we need software "Editors"

[Editors]

Ms-word,notepad,editplus,sublimetext,vs-code,jdk(it consist of
several tools like jvm,jre,classloades,compailers,interpretors.

[Ide]-Intergrated development environment

(Editors+jdk) Eclipse,Netbeans,intellij

compiler- 1) check syntax & scemantics(converts over all at one time)

2) generate class file

Interpretor-1) Bytecode-->Binary (converts line by line)

#How to execute java program

1. Javac srcFileName.java-purpose of this command is to compile the

code check the syntax and scemantic and generate the class file
 2. java classfilename-purpose of this command is to execute java
class file.

JDK

|---------------------------------|

JVM JRE

Java virtual machine Java runtime

environment

*CL

*Compailer

*Interpretor

*Libraries

*Memory area

#Structure of java

Class demo

declaration stmt-----|*variable

*constructor

*method

initialization-------|*static

*non-static

ENUMs/Class declaration statement

#Print statements

*system.out.println("2024")-prints word by word and if there is no

more char the cursor will move to next new line(ln).

*system.out.print("2024")-cursor wont move to next line.{empty print

statement will give error}
Java program:

class Demo{

public static void main(string[]args)

system.out.println("hello world")

system.out.print("HIIIII...)

system.out.print()

#Tokens

· Smallest unit-smallest building blocks of any language to make the

code meaningfull.

1)Keywords-Reserved words 50+ predefined which has specific

functionality to it,all has to be lowercase

2)Identifiers-Names given to the components of java

Rules for identifiers:

*cant use keywords

*cant start with numbers

*Special characters_$ allowed

Conventions

· Conventions are the practices from long time

i)classi

*PascalCase

*snake_case

*camelCase

3)Literals-the data which is encoded by the programmer in the

code is known as literals
 Types of literals

*Number-integer,decimal

*Character-'a','b','c','2','@','?','/'.

-length of a character literal is always one

-character literal must be enclosed within single quotes('')

*String-string literals are used to represent the group of

characters

-length of a string character can range between 0 and

infinity.

-string literals must enclosed within double

quotes("karupusami")..("a","b","1"....)

*Boolean-we only have 2 types of boolean literals true and

false..true and false are also keywords related to boolean type.

4)Operators-operators are used to manipulate the literals. |

CRUD-*Create,*read,*update,*delete/remove

-operators are pre defined symbols just like keywords.

*Arithmaic- +,-,*,/.

*Logical

*assignment

*relational

*compund assignment

*increment and decrement

5)Separators- . , { [ ( ) ] } /

6)Comments are used for book mark

*single line

*multi line

*documentation

#Datatypes

· To represent different type of data we have datatypes

-Data--->raw facts about real world entity.

 Two types of data and non primitive data type in java

Primitive datatypes non-primitive datatypes

| |

data stored in single multiple memory blockcell

memory block cell eg: class,array,string

PRIMITIVE DATATYPES- 8 TYPES

-Integer----->*byte *short *int *long

-Decimal----->*float *double

-Character--->*char

-String------>*String

-Boolean----->*boolean

datatype| literal | size |default values| Range

byte 1byte 0 -123 to 127

short integer 2byte 0 -32768 to 32757

int 4byte 0 -2147483648 to 2147483647

long 8byte 0 -9223372036854775808 to

9223372036854775807

_____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________

float decimal 4byte 0.0f/0.0F 1.4E-45 to 3.4028235E38

double 8byte 0.0d/0.DD 4.9E-324 to

1.7976931348623157E308

_____________________________________________________________________________________
___________________

char character 2byte \u0000 to ?-actual value......0 to

65535-unicode value

boolean boolean 1bit false doesnt have max value and

min value

#Number system

*binary-()2 -(0,1)

*decimal-()10-(0-9)

*octal-()8-(0-7)

*hexadecimal-()16-(0-9,a-f)

1byte=8bits

start filling byte frm right to left....00001111 this is how stored in

memory..computer uses this we are using 15

manual range finding of byte.

2'(n-1)=2'8-1=128 min

2'(n-1)-1=2'7-1= max

ascii-65(0 to 255) value-'A' 0-nul------------->char

#Variables.

* Veriables are named block of memory.

creating a variable

*variable acts like a container for the data or literals.

*depending upon the type of data we create the variables.

syntax for variables

datatype identifier.
eg: string name="jana";||variable declaration statement

int age=21;

all the rules of identifier applies here but we follow snake case

Characteristics of variable:

1)all the variables have name..datatypes and identifier

2)To read or fetch the data from the variable we need yo use the name of
the variable

int age;---->variable declaration statement

age=20;----->initialization statement

3)the data stored inside the variable is always temporary.

4)we can update the value assigned to the veriabke.

age = age+1

5)every variable have scope

6)every variable has lifetime

Types of variables:

variables

|-----------------------------|

primitive non-primitive

*static *static

*non-static *non-static

1)primitive variable:

the variables which are used to store primitive type of data are called as
primitive datatype

2)non-primitive variables:

non-primitive variables are also called as referance variables

non-primitive variables are used to store the referance of an object or

address of a memory block

#Local variable

· The variables which are declared in anyother block but class block is
called as local variable

. CASE 2

CASE 1

CASE 5
 CASE 3

CASE 4

#Operators

*Operators are predefined symbols.

*Each symbols performs some specific functionality just like key words.

*Purpose of operator

Operators are going to perform operations.

Operators are used to manipulate the data.

*Operators need operands to perform any action or operation.

*After performing the operation operators returns value and type of

value.

Characteristics of Operators:

· Every operators return the value and also the type of value after
 performing the operation

Note:

Its the job of the programmer to consume the data which is returned by
the operator.Either by storing it in a variable or by

simply displaying it on output console

we cant convert long to int ..but int to long is possible.

eg:
 Int to Long
` Long to Int(shows mismatch error)

· Precedence- gives me the order of operation

when we have a complex expression(more than 1 operators in the

statement)the priority given to the operators is aclled as precedense

this precedence gives order of execution.

eg: int res = 10+5*10-1/5;

System.out.println(res);

output: 60 *Java is a strictly typed

language

because the division operation is returning 0

· Associativity(direction of execution)

when we have a complex expression and all the operators are

having the same precedense then associatiLvty gives as the direction of
execution.

eg: right to left , left to right

Arithmetic operators

*arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations.

*arithmetic operators are binary in nature.

*Addition operator is polymorphic in nature

-simple addition

-string concatination

String concatinaton

1.if anyone datatype or both are of string type,then string concatination

operation will be performed.

eg: sopln(10+20); //30

sopln(10+"hello"); //10hello

sopln("java"+20); //java20

sopln("result:"+10+20); //result:30

sopln(10+30+"result:"+(20+30)); //40result: 50

Relational Operator

type: binary

returntype: boolean

>
<

>=

<=

==

!=

1)Relationa..l operators are used to check the relationship between the

two operands.

2)Relational operators are binary operators.

3)The return type of relational operator is boolean.

Logical Operator
(&&-AND ||-OR)-BINARY !-NOT-UNARY

Type:

Returntype:boolean

----------------------------------------------

Logical AND operator

If the first condition fails..jvm is not going to check second condition.

int a=10;

int b=20;

System.out.println(a>b&&b>a);

A B X

0 0 0

1 0 0

0 1 0

1 1 1

example 2

Output

false

Logical OR Operator

syntax:

OPERAND_1 || OPERAND_2
TRUTH TABLE

A BX

0 00

1 01

0 11

1 11

output: False.

Note: If first condition is true then jvm will not judge the second condition

Logical NOT Operator:

Syntax:

!(OPERAND_1>OPERAND_2)

TRUTH TABLE

AX

10

01

Example:

int a=10;

int b=20;

Sopln(!(a>b));
output:

true..

Keywords:

*Abstract *enum *public

*Assert *expost *required

*Boolean *extends *return

*break *final *short

*byte *binary *static

*catch *float *super

*char *for *switch

*class *it *synchronised

*continue *implements *this

*constant *impost *throw

*default *insaneof *transistent

*do *new *throws

*double *package *try

*else *protected *void

Increment Operator:

two types- postfix,prefix

DENOTED BY [++]

post-fix(a++)-first use ,then update

pre-fix(++a)-first update,then use

in case of a=a+1 we need to create memory space.

in case of a++ we dont need to create space.

· Its a unary operator

· Increment operator increment is a value by one only

Decrement Operator:

*Does the same by decretion.

Compound Assignment Operator:

Typecasting Operator:

Converting data from one type to another type.

PRIMITIVE TYPECASTING:

WIDENING:

byte(1)<short(2)<int(4)<long(8)<float(4)<double(8)

Narrowing:

NOTE:All the number literals are by default is of int type.

all the decimal lietrals are by default double in type.

Every loop have 3 process

*initialization

*condition

*updation

do while:

do

{
..............

............

}while(condition)- even if this condition is false the statement inside loop

will be executed atleast once

int i=1;

do

sopln(i);

i++; //first use then update

}while(i<=5);

i sopln(i) i++ i<=5

1 1 1 2<=5 t

2 2 2 3<=5 t

3 3 3 4<=5 t

4 4 4 5<=5 t

5 5 5 6<=5 f

· do is a keyword which is used to start a dowhile loop.

· its a exit point loop

while dowhile

*before entering loop condition is satisfied *condition cheaked

after iteration

*minimum number of iteration 0 *atleast one or

minimum one

to find last digit.

int n=1234;
int ld=n%10;

sopln("the last digit is:"+ld);

to remove last digit.

int n=1234

int n2=n/10

sopln("h

write a java program to find the product of individual digits.

spy number-a number in which the sum of individual digits is equal to

product of individual digits.

For loop:

for(initialization;condition;updation)

......................................

......................................

· Entry point loop.

· when we know how many iteration is going to happen.

· 3 process are in single statement outside the loop.

· for is a keyword which is used to start the for looping statement.

· aminimum number o iteration is zero and its enyry point loop

eg:

for(char ch='a';ch<='z';ch++)

Sopln(ch):
}

ch ch<='z' sopln(ch) ch++

a a<=z a a

b b<z b b

c c<=z c c

z z<=z z z

Nested looping statements.

i i<=5 j j<=5 sopln(*) j++ sopln() i++

1 1<=5 * 1

2 2<=5 * 2

3 3<=5 * 3

4 4<=5 * 4

5 5<=5 * 5

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Methods:

eg: Login Pages.

*Methods acts like a container..to store action oblique task oblique

behaviror

*Method is a block of instructons which is used to perform a specific task

synta x:

[modifier] returntype name [Datatype varib1,datatype varib2]-variables

declared inside is formal arguments.

[return statement:]

................

*Method signature-method name along with formal arguments its called

as method signature.
*Method declaration-method signature along with modifiers and return
type is called as method declaration.

*Method definiton-method declaration along with method body is called as

method definition

*Formal arguments-the variables which are declared in method declaration

statement are called as formal arguments

Modifiers:

*keywords

*modifies behaviours of components of

java-variables,methods,class/intervals/records/enums

*access modifiers-public,protected,default,private.

*non access modifiers-static,abstract,final,native,volatile.

Buzz number:

last digit should be 7 or completel

public state int add()

Rules of return:

*Return statement should be the last statement in the method body

*if return type is anything other than void return statement is mandatory

*if return type is void then return statement is not mandatory

Rules of type casting also applies here.

1.Write a java program for calculating the area of a circle using method.

2.write a java program to convert inr into us dollers using methods.

3.write a java program to covert an angle from degree to radians.

Built-in class:

Scanner class

fully qualified name.java.util.scanner