INTRODUCTION TO SERVER

LEARNING OUTCOME

• In this chapter, you will learn the terminologies used,

• client and a server
• basic types of network servers and server components
• Describe the role of a directory service
• Types of server
• DHCP
 WHAT IS SERVER?
• Server is a computer that provides information to other computers called "clients" on
computer network.
• This architecture is called the client–server model. Servers can provide various
functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple
clients or performing computations for a client.
• A single server can serve multiple clients, and a single client can use multiple servers.
• A client process may run on the same device or may connect over a network to a server
on a different device.
• Typical servers are database servers, file servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers,
game servers, and application servers.
WHAT IS SERVER?
CHARACTERISTICS OF A SERVER

• Special purpose application dedicated to providing network service •

Starts automatically at system initialization time (system boot).
• Runs on a remote computer (usually centralized, shared computer)
• Waits for service requests from clients; loops to wait for next request
• Will accept requests from arbitrary clients; provides one service to
each client
• May require powerful hardware and sophisticated operating system
TYPES OF SERVERS
• Servers of different types exist today.
• Several servers can perform multiple jobs, such as hosting websites, sending
and receiving emails, safeguarding internal networks,
TYPES OF SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM
Windows Server - developed the Windows operating system family for
everyday personal use and professional use in servers.
• Windows 2000 Server Windows Server 201x
• Windows Server 202x Windows Server 200x
Linux Server - is a family of UNIX-like operating systems that have all the
features of UNIX. It is open-source, available for free, facilitating multi-user,
multi-process, multi-thread operations.
• Ubuntu Server. Fedora.
• Debian Server. OpenSUSE Leap.
• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Arch Linux.
 TYPES OF SERVER OPERATING SYSTEM
Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) - RHEL is a paid Linux desktop and server
distribution created by Red Hat.
UNIX-Based Operating Systems - In the beginning, UNIX was a time-sharing
operating system for small computers, and over time it has become one of the
most widespread client-server environment operating systems.
macOS Server - is a UNIX-like server operating system based on macOS,
developed by Apple.
FreeBSD - is a free and open-source Unix-like operating system. The OS
maintains a complete system, delivering the kernel, drivers, utilities, and
documentation, and includes an extensive server-related software collection.
WINDOWS SERVER 2012 R2: OVERVIEW
Windows Server 2012 R2 capabilities
Server
Storage* Networking
virtualization
New levels of performance High performance and resiliency at a Hybrid networking with breakthrough
and cross-platform support fraction of the cost levels of flexibility and performance

Server Web and Access and Virtual desktop

management and application information infrastructure
automation platform protection

Increased management Modern apps built and Consistent and flexible user
efficiency for a diverse deployed to scale on- access to corporate resources Great performance, easy to
datacenter premises and in the cloud while protecting data deploy and cost-effective
*HP is evaluating supporting Microsoft Storage Spaces features in a future release of our HP SAS Host Bus
Adapters
 WINDOWS SERVER 2012 R2 EDITIONS - SUMMARY

Windows Server Windows Server Windows Server Windows Server

Datacenter Standard Essentials Foundation

• High density • Low density or • Cloud connected • Economical

virtualization no virtualization first server general purpose
• Unlimited • Two virtual instances • NEW One virtual • No virtualization rights
virtual instances • NEW 4 CPU / 4 VM SKU instance for Essentials • Limited features
• All features role
• NEW Essentials GUI is a
• NEW AVMA for VMs role in Standard • NEW Ships with Hyper-V
• All features • First Server features
relevant to SMB

10
WHY CHOOSE WINDOWS SERVER 2012 R2
Simple and Application User
Enterprise-class
cost-effective focused centric
• Best-in-class performance • SMB traffic offload to RDMA- • Complete VM portability • Always-on remote access
and scale for Microsoft capable NICs for dramatic between Windows Server to corporate information
workloads performance improvements and Windows Azure from trusted devices
• Industry-leading support for • Flexible guest clustering without the need for VM • Consistent, inbox Windows
options for file and block conversion
64-node clusters and 8,000 experience for remote
storage with shared VHDX
VMs per cluster • Same development model users virtually anywhere
files that preserve dynamic
• 64 TB VHDX virtual disk memory, live migration and between Windows Server on any device
with online resize for storage live migration for and Windows Azure • Unified application and
dynamically growing and guest VM • Common development device management with
shrinking the VHDX file • Windows Azure Backup for tools between Windows common identity on-
• Hyper-V Network reliable and cost-effective Server and Windows Azure premises and in the cloud
Virtualization and multi- backup to the cloud for a rich and complete • Granular, policy-based data
tenant VPN gateway for • VDI storage de-duplication environment to build protection and regulatory
inbox software-defined applications on-premises compliance
networking (SDN) solution and for the cloud
WINDOWS SERVER 2012 R2 – EDITIONS OVERVIEW
Virtualization
License Feature Rights
Type s
• Limited to 1
Foundation Windows Server
Per Server processor only
No virtualization 2012 R2 Foundation • Up to 15 users

Essentials Windows Server • Up to 2

Small Business, 2012 R2 Essentials
Per Server processors only
Cloud Enabled • Up to 25 users As Guest OS
Only

Standard* Windows Server • Full product features

Low density or 2012 R2 Standard
Processor + CALs (parity with
no virtualization Datacenter) Two virtual
instances

Datacenter* Windows Server

High density Processor + CALs • No processor limit
2012 R2 Datacenter
virtualization Unlimited
MICROSOFT SERVER 2012
• Windows Server 2012 R2 provides a wide range of new and enhanced
features and capabilities spanning server virtualization, storage, software-
defined networking, server management and automation, web and
application platform, access and information protection, virtual desktop
infrastructure
• Editions
• Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter on Microsoft Azure
• Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter | 64-bit ISO
• Windows Server 2012 R2 Datacenter | 64-bit VHD
WHAT IS ACTIVE DIRECTORY (AD)

• Active Directory (AD) – is Microsoft’s proprietary directory service.

• It runs on Windows Server and enables administrators to manage
permissions and access to network resources.
• Stores data as objects.
• An object is a single element, such as a user, group, application or device
such as a printer.
• Objects are normally define as either resources, such as printers or
computers, or security principals, such as users or groups.
ACTIVE DIRECTORY (AD)
WHEN WE USE ACTIVE DIRECTORY?

• A lot of user
• Need centralize management
• If need policy to organize whole organization
• Control network usage
• When asset need to be control
• When organization need to be collaboration
ACTIVE DIRECTORY ON WINDOWS SERVER 2012
ACTIVE DIRECTORY DOMAIN SERVICE (AD DS)

• Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) – is a server role in Active

Directory that allows admins to manage and store information about
resources from a network, as well as application data, in a distributed
database.
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
(DHCP)

• does not require an administrator to add an entry for a computer

into the database.
• Instead DHCP is “plug-and-play” networking. The computer runs
a client to
• obtain configuration info from DHCP
• obtain a permanent address if the computer is non mobile.
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
(DHCP)
• DHCP uses permanent address that are assigned to
server computers and a pool of addresses that are
allocated on demand.
• Based on the computer’s entry in the server’s database,
the DHCP decides the type of address to assign.
• For dynamic addresses, the computers IP may change
with each boot.
DHCP INTERACTION (SIMPLIFIED)
1. DHCP Process - Discover
A client broadcasts DHCP Discover packets on the local network
segment to discover DHCP servers on the network.
2. DHCP Process - Offer
The server responds to the client with an available IP address.
3. DHCP Process - Request
If a client receives multiple HCP Offer packets, the DHCP client
selects one of them based on the content and responds to it. If the
client has obtained an IP address earlier, it writes the address in
the Requested IP Address field of the Options field in the DHCP
Request packet and sends it to the server.
4. DHCP Process - ACK
After receiving the DHCP Request packet, the server binds the
network address(network and hardware addresses) of the client to
the allocated IP address, and then sends the IP address to the
DHCP CLIENT-SERVER SCENARIO - PROBLEM
DHCP CLIENT-SERVER SCENARIO - SOLUTION