UNIT 2

IMAGE EDITING
Syllabus
Explore image editing tool Interface - Customizing Workspaces, File Handling, Setting size and resolution
Parameters, Importing files, Navigating open document, Working with Layers, Exploring Selection Tools,
Exploring Layer Styles, Using filters, Image editing techniques, Adjusting exposure(brightness), Adjusting
color, Cropping and adjusting aspect ratio, Dodging and burning, Retouching, Sharpening and noise
reduction
Explore Image Editing Tool Interface
Customizing Workspace
 The portion of the Photoshop interface that is used to view and edit documents is known as the
workspace.
 A wide variety of windows, tools, and menus (known as panels) can be displayed within the
workspace in order to provide quick access to the features needed for a given task.
Pre-Defined Workspace Layouts
Photoshop offers an incredible amount of features and tools, which often causes the workspace to become
cluttered quickly. Photoshop has pre-defined layouts of panels and menus, known as workspace layouts.
a. In the menu bar at the top of the screen, select Window  Workspace. Here user can see a full
list of all pre-defined workspace layouts available to us, including workspaces made for
typography, 3D graphics, and much more.
b. Select "Essentials" from the menu. This is Photoshop's default interface, and the one we will be
using. However, feel free to explore and compare the other workspaces on their own.
Other Workspace Options
Under the same menu, user will find an option that says "Reset Essentials". If user end up moving toolbars
and panels around on their own and want to return to the Essentials layout, this button will always reset the
workspace to its original layout.
Also under the same menu, user will notice options for "New Workspace" and "Delete Workspace". Along
with Photoshop's pre-defined workspaces, user can also build and save their own pre-defined workspaces.
However, we will not be using this feature in this class.
To create a custom workspace, simply choose the desired selection of tools and workspace windows, then
go to 'windows  workspace  save workspace' and give it a name. The custom configuration will be
listed on the 'workspace' menu from now on.
Display a Workspace
 Click the Workspaces menu on the Options bar, or click the Window menu, and then point to
Workspace.
 Select a panel option
 Custom panel name. Displays a custom panel layout that can be created.
 Essentials (Default), What’s New, 3D, Motion, Painting, Photography, or Typography. Displays
panel layouts created by Adobe for specific purposes in Photoshop.
Create a Customized Workspace
 Arrange the panels into a specific working order.
 Click the Workspaces menu on the Options bar, or click the Window menu, and then point to
Workspace.
 Type a name for the workspace.
 Select check boxes to save Keyboard Shortcuts or Menus.
 Click Save.
File Handling
Setting File Handling Preferences
 Photoshop lets user to save files using different formats, including TIFF, EPS, JPEG, or BMP.

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  The File Handling preferences provide several options that modify what information is saved with a
file.
 User can also set options to automatically save the file based on a time interval or save the file in
the background, which allows user to keep working while Photoshop saves behind the scenes; a
progress information appears in the Document tab and Status bar.
Work with File Handling Options
1. Click the Edit (Win) or Photoshop (Mac) menu, point to Preferences, and then click File Handling.
2. Select the File Saving Options which user want to use
 Image Previews: Select from: Always Save, Never Save, or Ask When Saving.
 Icon. Saves previews of the images (Mac).
 Windows Thumbnail. Saves previews viewable when using the Win File Open command
(Mac).
 Append File Extension. Lets user choose whether or not to append the file extension (Mac).
 Use Lower Case (Mac) or File Extension (Win). Choose to have upper or lower case
extensions.
 Save As To Original Folder. Saves the file to original folder as the default.
 Save in Background. Photoshop automatically saves while user work.
 Automatically Save Recovery Information Every. Saves current document information for
recovery based on a specified interval.
3. Select the File Compatibility options user want to use
 Camera Raw Preferences Click to choose from options such as default image settings, cache
size, DNG file handling, and whether or not to open JPEG and TIFF files with Camera Raw.
 Prefer Adobe Camera Raw for Supported Raw Files. Open supported raw files in Camera
Raw.
 Ignore EXIF Profile Tag. Ignores color space metadata attached to digital camera images.
 Ignore Rotation Metadata. Ignore metadata attached to digital camera images.
 Ask Before Saving Layered TIFF Files. and then save them using the TIFF format.
 This is a distinct advantage when user need to use multi-layered files and user don’t want to
save them using Photoshop’s proprietary format (PSD).
 Disable Compression of PSD and PSB Files. Disables compression of files.
 Maximize PSD and PSB File Compatibility. User save PSD files that can be opened in
earlier versions of the program and PSB (Large Document Format) files.
4. Select the Enable Adobe Drive check box to enable Adobe Drive in the work process.
5. Enter the number of files (up to 30) to keep in the Recent File List box.
6. Click OK.
Setting Size and Resolution Parameters
About pixel dimensions and printed image resolution
 Pixel dimensions measure the total number of pixels along an image’s width and height.
 Resolution is the fineness of detail in a bitmap image and is measured in pixels per inch (ppi).
 The more pixels per inch, the greater the resolution.
 Generally, an image with a higher resolution produces a better printed image quality.
 File size depends on the pixel dimensions of an image and the number of layers it contains.
 Images with more pixels may produce more detail when printed, but they require more disk space
to store and may be slower to edit and print.
 User should keep track of the file sizes to make sure the files are not becoming too large for their
purposes.
 If the file is becoming too large, reduce the number of layers in the image or change the image size.
 User can view the file size information for an image at the bottom of the application window.
1. Choose Image > Image Size.

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 2. Change the print dimensions, image resolution, or both:
 To change only the print dimensions or only the resolution and adjust the total number of
pixels in the image proportionately, select Resample Image and then choose an interpolation
method.
 To change the print dimensions and resolution without changing the total number of pixels
in the image, deselect Resample Image.
3. To maintain the current ratio of image width to image height, select Constrain Proportions. This
option automatically changes the width as you change the height, and vice versa.
4. Under Document Size, enter new values for the height and width. If desired, choose a new unit of
measurement. Note that for Width, the Columns option uses the width and gutter sizes specified in
the Units & Rulers preferences.
5. For Resolution, enter a new value. If desired, choose a new unit of measurement.

Working with Layers

 Photoshop utilizes the concept of layers as a method of organizing the work and separating a project
into components that can be edited individually.
 Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. User can see through transparent areas of a layer
to the layers below. User can move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet
of acetate in a stack. User can also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially
transparent.
 Organizing Layers While in the layers panel,
a. Rename layers: rename a layer by double clicking the name of the layer.
b. Show and hide layers: click the eyeball icon next to each layer to toggle it on and off.
c. Lock and unlock layers: to prevent a layer from being edited, select the lock icon at the top of
the layers panel while the layer is selected.
d. Reorder layers: click and drag the layers within the layers panel to reorder them.
To view and select layers in the Layers panel,
 Layers contain the images, text, or objects that make up a layered file. They let user to move, edit,
and work with content on one layer without affecting content on other layers.
 Layers are arranged in a stack in the Layers panel, which is usually located in the bottom right of
the work area. If the Layers panel is not visible, choose Window  Layers.
 In the Layers panel, click the eye icon to the left of a layer to hide its content. Click again in the
same spot to reveal the content. This is a useful way to remind yourself what’s on a particular layer.
 A layer must be selected in order to make changes to it. In the Layers panel, click once to the right
of a layer name to select that layer. To add more layers to the selection, hold Control (Windows) or
Command (macOS) as you click other layers.
To work with layers in the Layers panel,
a. Drag a layer up or down in the Layers panel to change the order of layered objects in the image.
b. Click the Create a New Layer icon at the bottom of the layers panel to make a new layer. This layer
is transparent until something is added to it.
c. To name a layer, double-click the current layer name. Type a new name for the layer. Press Enter
(Windows) or Return (macOS).
d. To change a layer’s opacity, select a layer in the Layers panel and drag the Opacity slider located
near the top of the Layers panel to make the layer more or less transparent.
e. To delete a layer, select a layer in the Layers panel and press Backspace (Windows) or Delete
(macOS).
Change the size of the content of selected layers,
 In the Layers panel, select one or more layers that contain images or objects user want to resize.
 Choose Edit  Free Transform. A transform border appears around all the content on the selected
layers. Hold the Shift key to avoid distorting the content, and drag the corners or edges until it is the

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 desired size. Drag inside the transform border to move the content around the image. Drag outside
the transform border to rotate the content.
 Click the check mark in the options bar or press Enter (Windows) or Return (macOS) to finalize the
change.
Add images to a layered design,
 Choose File > Place Embedded, navigate to an image file in File Explorer (Windows) or Finder
(macOS), and click Place.
 Hold the Shift key to avoid distorting the image, and drag the corners of the image border to resize
the added image.
 Drag inside the border to position the added image where user want it.
 Click the check mark in the options bar to finalize the placement. This automatically creates a new
layer containing the added image.
To convert a Background layer into a regular layer,
 Because the Background layer is locked, it can’t be moved in the Document window or rearranged
in the Layers panel, and some editing functions won’t work on it.
 To change the Background layer into a regular layer, click the lock icon to the right of the layer
name in the Layers panel.
Exploring the Selection Tools (Refer Record)

To select a part of an image,

1. On the Tools Panel, click any of the selection tools available.
2. Click the area that you want to select.
To select Whole image select the whole image,
1. On the Menu Bar, click Select  All whole image:
Move Tool
1. On the Tools Panel, click Move Tool > click and drag the mouse to the object.
2. To resize the object you have moved to another image, press Ctrl + T (Transform) and drag the
image by the handles.
Marquee Tool

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Marquee Option Bar,

Lasso Tools

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Crop Tool
 On the Tools Panel, click Crop Tool.
 Click and drag the tool on the portion of the image that user would like to show.
 Drag the corner handles to resize.
 Click and drag the middle portion to moved the cropped area.
 Press Enter key and the cropped image will be displayed.
Explore Layer Styles
 Photoshop provides a variety of effects such as shadows that change the appearance of a layer's
contents in a non-destructive way.
 Layer effects are linked to the layer contents.
 When user move or edit the contents of the layer, the same effects are applied to the modified
contents.
 A layer style is one or more effects applied to a layer or layer group.
 User can apply one of the preset styles provided with Photoshop or create a custom style using the
Layer Style dialog box
Drop Shadow: Adds a shadow that falls behind the contents on the layer.
Inner Shadow: Adds a shadow that falls just inside the edges of the layer's content, giving the layer a
recessed appearance.
Outer Glow and Inner Glow: Add glows that emanate from the outside or inside edges of the layer's
content.
Bevel and Emboss: Add various combinations of highlights and shadows to a layer.
Satin: Applies interior shading that creates a satiny finish.
Color, Gradient, and Pattern Overlay: Fills the layer's content with a color, gradient, or pattern.
Stroke: Outlines the object on the current layer using color, a gradient, or a pattern. It is particularly useful
on hard-edged shapes such as type.
Layer style options
 Altitude
For the Bevel and Emboss effect, sets the height of the light source. A setting of 0 is equivalent to
ground level, 90 is directly above the layer.
 Angle
Determines the lighting angle at which the effect is applied to the layer. User can drag in the
document window to adjust the angle of a Pattern Overlay, Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, or Satin
effect.
 Anti-alias

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 Blends the edge pixels of a contour or gloss contour. This option is most useful on small shadows
with complicated contours.
 Blend Mode
Determines how the layer style blends with the underlying layers, which may or may not include
the active layer.
 Choke
Shrinks the boundaries of the matte of an Inner Shadow or Inner Glow prior to blurring.
 Color
Specifies the color of a shadow, glow, or highlight. User can click the color box and choose a color.
 Contour
With solid-color glows, Contour allows you to create rings of transparency. With gradient filled
glows, Contour allows user to create variations in the repetition of the gradient color and opacity.
In beveling and embossing, Contour allows user to sculpt the ridges, valleys, and bumps that are
shaded in the embossing process. With shadows, Contour allows user to specify the fade.
 Distance
Specifies the offset distance for a shadow or satin effect. User can drag in the document window to
adjust the offset distance.
 Depth
Specifies the depth of a bevel. It also specifies the depth of a pattern.
 Use Global Light
This setting allows user to set one "master" lighting angle that is then available in all the layer
effects that use shading: Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, and Bevel and Emboss. In any of these
effects, if Use Global Light is selected and you set a lighting angle, that angle becomes the global
lighting angle.
 Gloss Contour
Creates a glossy, metallic appearance. Gloss Contour is applied after shading a bevel or emboss.
 Gradient
Specifies the gradient of a layer effect. Click the gradient to display the Gradient Editor, or click the
inverted arrow and choose a gradient from the pop-up panel.
 Highlight or Shadow Mode
Specifies the blending mode of a bevel or emboss highlight or shadow.
 Jitter
Varies the application of a gradient's color and opacity.
Using Filters
 User can use filters to clean up or retouch the photos, apply special art effects that give the image
the appearance of a sketch or impressionistic painting, or create unique transformations using
distortions and lighting effects.
 The filters provided by Adobe appear in the Filter menu.
 Some filters provided by third-party developers are available as plug-ins. Once installed, these
plug-in filters appear at the bottom of the Filter menu.
 Smart Filters, applied to Smart Objects, let user use filters non-destructively.
 Smart Filters are stored as layer effects in the Layers panel and can be readjusted at any time,
working from the original image data contained in the Smart Object.
 To use a filter, choose the appropriate submenu command from the Filter menu.
 Guidelines can help user in choosing filters
a. Filters are applied to the active, visible layer or a selection.
b. For 8-bits per-channel images, most filters can be applied cumulatively through the Filter
Gallery. All filters can be applied individually.
c. Filters cannot be applied to Bitmap-mode or indexed-color images.

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 d. Some filters work only on RGB images.
e. All filters can be applied to 8-bit images.
f. The following filters can be applied to 16-bit images: Liquify, Vanishing Point, Average Blur,
Blur, Blur More, Box Blur, Gaussian Blur, Lens Blur, Motion Blur, Radial Blur, Surface Blur,
Shape Blur, Lens Correction, Add Noise, Despeckle, Dust & Scratches, Median, Reduce Noise,
Fibers, Clouds, Difference Clouds, Lens Flare, Sharpen, Sharpen Edges, Sharpen More, Smart
Sharpen, Unsharp Mask, Emboss, Find Edges, Solarize, De-Interlace, NTSC Colors, Custom,
High Pass, Maximum, Minimum, and Offset.
g. The following filters can be applied to 32-bit images: Average Blur, Box Blur, Gaussian Blur,
Motion Blur, Radial Blur, Shape Blur, Surface Blur, Add Noise, Clouds, Lens Flare, Smart
Sharpen, Unsharp Mask, De-Interlace, NTSC Colors, Emboss, High Pass, Maximum,
Minimum, and Offset.
h. Some filters are processed entirely in RAM. If user don’t have enough available RAM to
process a filter effect, you may get an error message
Blend and fade filter effects
The Fade command changes the opacity and blending mode of any filter, painting tool, erasing tool, or
color adjustment. The Fade command blending modes are a subset of those in the painting and editing tools
options (excluding the Behind and Clear modes). Applying the Fade command is similar to applying the
filter effect on a separate layer and then using the layer opacity and blending mode controls.
 Apply a filter, painting tool, or color adjustment to an image or selection.
 Choose Edit  Fade. Select the Preview option to preview the effect.
 Drag the slider to adjust the opacity, from 0% (transparent) to 100%.
 Choose a blending mode from the Mode menu.
 Click OK.
Adjust brightness and contrast in a photo
1. In the menu bar, select Image  Adjustments  Brightness/Contrast.
2. Adjust the Brightness slider to change the overall brightness of the image. Adjust the Contrast slider
to increase or decrease image contrast.
3. Click OK. The adjustments will appear only on the selected layer.
To use color balance,
 Click on Image in the Menu Bar, then click on Adjustments, then Color Balance.
 Select which tones in the image user want to change (shadows, midtones, or highlights).
 Check the Preserve Luminosity box.
 Check the Preview box to see the adjustments in real time.
 Move the sliders to achieve the desired color balance.
Crop Image to an Aspect Ratio
This tool lets user not only enter an aspect ratio but upload and crop an image as well.
1. Go to the website https://resizeimage.net/
2. Click Upload an image and select the image user want to crop.
3. Under step 2, click the Fixed Aspect Ratio button, then enter that ratio, such as 5 and 2, and click
Change.
4. Drag a rectangle over the image to select the area user want.
5. Move the selection as needed, then click Crop.
6. User may optionally change the parameters in steps 3-7, such as the image size and quality.
7. When finished, at the bottom click Resize Image.
8. Below that, click Download image.
9. Navigate to the Finder or File Explorer, then rename the file "Webp.net resizeimage.jpg" to what it
is, such as kids-working-out.jpg (make sure to leave the file extension the same, such as .jpg).

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 10. It is now ready for upload to the GoMotion site.
Dodging and burning
 The Dodge tool and the Burn tool lighten or darken areas of the image.
 These tools are based on a traditional darkroom technique for regulating exposure on specific areas
of a print.
 Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging) or increase the exposure to
darken areas on a print (burning).
 Using the tool,
a. Create a new layer and set its mode to Overlay.
b. Check the box that says, “fill with overlay-neutral color (50% gray).” Doing so lets you apply
dodge and burn adjustments without manipulating the original image.
c. Select the Dodge Tool and set your brush to a smaller and softer setting.
d. Paint over specific areas you want to brighten using the Dodge Tool and darken areas using the
Burn Tool.
e. Remember to use a soft brush setting and do smaller strokes so as not to overdo the effects
Retouching
Retouching is a subtle and delicate process. Help people look their very best in any photo by enhancing
their natural beauty and by removing distractions. We show user everything they need to know to make the
subjects look great and with realistic results.
To remove objects,
 In the Layers panel, select the layer that contains spots or small objects you want to remove.
 In the Tools panel, select the Spot Healing Brush tool.
 In the options bar, adjust the size and hardness of the Spot Healing Brush tool to fit the item user is
trying to remove.
 Click on a spot or drag over an object user want to remove. Add objects by cloning Use the Clone
Stamp tool to add objects
To add objects with the Clone Stamp tool,
 In the Layers panel, select the layer that contains content user want to copy and use elsewhere in the
image.
 In the Tools panel, select the Clone Stamp tool.
 In the options bar, adjust the size and hardness of the Clone Stamp tool to fit the object user is
cloning.
 Press the Alt key (Windows) or the Option key (macOS) and click an area of the image from which
user want to copy content.
 Release the Alt (Option) key and drag over a new area to which you want to copy content. As user
drag, the Clone Stamp tool copies content from the source and paints it into the new area.
Sharpen photos
 The sharpening controls on the Detail tab adjust edge definition in the image.
 The Adjustment Brush tool and Graduated Filter tool use the Radius, Detail, and Masking values
when local sharpening is applied.
 Use the Apply Sharpening To option in the Camera Raw preferences to specify whether sharpening
is applied to all images or just to previews.
 Zoom the preview image to at least 100%.
 Amount
Adjusts edge definition. Increase the Amount value to increase sharpening. A value of zero (0)
turns off sharpening. In general, set Amount to a lower value for cleaner images.
 Radius

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 Adjusts the size of the details that sharpening is applied to. Photos with fine details generally need a
lower setting. Photos with larger details can use a larger radius. Using too large a radius generally
results in unnatural-looking results.
 Detail
Adjusts how much high-frequency information is sharpened in the image and how much the
sharpening process emphasizes edges.
 Masking
Controls an edge mask. With a setting of zero (0), everything in the image receives the same
amount of sharpening. With a setting of 100, sharpening is mostly restricted to those areas near the
strongest edges. Press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS) while dragging this slider to see the
areas to be sharpened (white) versus the areas masked out (black).
Reduce noise
 The Noise Reduction section of the Detail tab has controls for reducing image noise, the extraneous
visible artifacts that degrade image quality.
 Image noise includes luminance (grayscale) noise, which makes an image look grainy, and chroma
(color) noise, which is visible as colored artifacts in the image.
 Photos taken with high ISO speeds or less-sophisticated digital cameras can have noticeable noise.
 Luminance
Reduces luminance noise.
 Luminance Detail
Controls the luminance noise threshold. Useful for noisy photos. Higher values preserve more detail
but can produce noisier results. Lower values produce cleaner results but also remove some detail.
 Luminance Contrast
Controls the luminance contrast. Useful for noisy photos. Higher values preserve contrast but can
produce noisy blotches or mottling. Lower values produce smoother results but can also have less
contrast.
QUESTIONS
1. List and explain the selection tools.
2. List and explain the painting tools.
3. Explain the importance of layers.
4.

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