MIT-4016 Sensor Physics

Lab Report

Group 3

Magnetic Sensors
GROUP 3: Jiri Dostal, Kira Neubehler, Yuyang Chen

Pre-report
1 Study the operating manual of the YEW Electronic Fluxmeter and the Hall sensor data sheet. What are the sensitivity, offset voltage and operating voltage of the Hall sensor? Draw the sensor connection. Sensitivity Offset voltage Operating voltage Table 1 characterizations 1.4mV/Gauss, 14V/T 2.5V 5V

Figure 1 Hall sensor connection 2 Explain the measurement procedure of the magnetic flux in the air gap of a permanent magnet using a fluxmeter and a search coil. It is an instrument used to measure magnetic flux. It is used in conjunction with a coil and resembles a moving-coil galvanometer except that there are no restoring springs. A change in the magnetic flux induces a momentary current in the search coil and in the coil of the meter, which turns in proportion and stays in the deflected position 3 Explain the measurement procedure of the magnetic flux density in the air gap of a permanent magnet using a multimeter and a Hall sensor. How do you determine the magnetic flux of the magnet based on this measurement? According to the Hall effect, a voltage difference will generate across an electrical conductor, when applying an electric current in the conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. So if we measure the voltage, we can get the magnetic flux density B. The step is: measure the voltage, and then zero the offset voltage, calculate the air gap area, then find the =B A
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MIT-4016 Sensor Physics

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4 A cylindrical coil with air core has length l = 186 mm and number of turns N = 1650. Calculate the magnetic flux density in the middle of the coil as a function of current. The equation between magnetic flux density B equals to H, here is a constant refers to the material. H=NIL So B= N I L in this case, N=1650, L=0.186m in the open air, can be 1 So B= 307 I 5. Study the user's manual of the F.W. Bell 9550 Gaussmeter. Find out at least how to select the measurement range and measurement mode and the location of the sensing element in the probes. Probes for both longitudinal and transversal flux are available. Range select: We can select the range manually like this

Figure 2 range selection Another way is to use the auto range, which we can see this choice in the menu. Mode select

Figure 3 mode selection This sensor has two locations of sensing element in the probe. One is on the flat side of the probe and the other is on the end face of the probe. We can choose the first one to measure the longitudinal and use the second one to measure the transversal flux.

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MIT-4016 Sensor Physics

Lab Report

Group 3

Figure 4 sensing element locations

Laboratory exercise and measurement

1.8 -1.6

1.2 -1.7
Table 2 fluxmeter results

-1.6 1.8

Here we can get the magnetic flux in the air gap is about 1.7. Here we have both positive numbers and negative numbers, that is because when we moved the coil, the side and direction of the coil may be different. The unit here is Kmx. After checking the books, 1Wb=108mx, so here we get 1.710-5 Wb. 2 Hall sensor Firstly we use caliper to measure the width and length of the air gap. We get: Length Width Area 2.56 cm 0.67 cm 1.7152 cm2

Table 3 hall sensor size From the Hall sensor, we get the measurement 1.33 voltage. According to the relationship between V and B of this Hall sensor, 1V can represent 14 T. So =
1 14

1 14

1.33 2.56 0.67 104 = 1.63 105 Wb

94 mT=1.61 105 Wb Comparing the result with that measured by the fluxmeter, we can get the result as follows:

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MIT-4016 Sensor Physics

Lab Report

Group 3

Flux meter Hall sensor

1.7 -5 Wb. 10 1.63 105 Wb

Table 4 comparison From the table we can see, the results are almost the same. During our testing, the fluxmeter shows 1.6,1,7 and even 1.2, so it is believed that Hall sensor may be more accurate and have less disturbance from the environment. 3 F.W.B9550 Then the third task is to use the F.W.B9550 to measure the inside of a coil, firstly we let the current flow in the coil and hence there are magnetic field inside the coil. Our task is to find the magnetic flux density in the middle of the coil. We turn the current from 0 to 1A. 0 35T 0.6 0.1 0.2 0.3 3.37mT 0.9 0.4 4.51mT 1.0 0.5 5.62mT

1.08mT 2.20mT 0.7 0.8

6.71mT 7.84mT 8.90mT 10.09mT 11.23mT Table 5 current and magnetic flux density

B(mT)
12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 B(mT)

Figure 5 current and magnetic flux density From the figure we can see, the relationship between current and magnetic flux density is linear. The result is reasonable comparing with our work in the pre-report, in which we got the equation B= N I L. Our next task was to find the relationship between the distance from the middle of the center and the magnetic flux density.
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MIT-4016 Sensor Physics

Lab Report

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Here we set a holder to fix the coil and a ruler, we found that in the middle, the ruler get 160mm (read from a line in the probe). And when the probe got to the lowest end, the ruler shows 60 mm.

60mm(all mm) 0.44mT(all mT) 180cm 5.55

80 3.46 200 5.53

100 5.36 220 5.40

120 5.57 240 4.70

140 5.59 260 2.10

160mm 5.52 280 0.31

Table 6 distance and magnetic flux density

Then we plot the magnetic flux density as a function of the distance from the center, we get Figure 6. From figure 6 we can see, the magnetic flux density reaches it max. value at the center and near the center. When the probe moves to the end, the magnetic flux density decreases rapidly.

magnetic flux density(mT)

magnetic flux density(mT)

Figure 6 current and magnetic flux density

4 Flux outside the coil Using the flat probe, we measured the magnetic flux density outside the coil. We measured the top, the bottom, and at one side.
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As we can see in our result, the magnetic get weaker as the distance increase both from the top and bottom. However, it doesnt change with any principle at one side. The magnetic flux density is influenced a lot by the environment, as there are too many electronic devices in the lab.

Figure 7 outside the coil

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MIT-4016 Sensor Physics

Lab Report

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Attachment

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