unit5 听力理解

文段一 Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.
13. A) Teaching to encourage active learning.
B) Professors’ different teaching philosophies.
C) College students’ opportunities to study art.
D) Experiences of studying at Yale University.
14. A) By using her weekend to be a writing tutor.
B) By studying with more than on professor.
C) By having a whole day of discussion.
D) By working with and observing kids.
15. A) Students learn so much in class in a few months.
B) Direct experience is what students truly need.
C) Textbooks and Power point slides can do the job.
D) It is fun and interesting to learn to teach that.

文段二 Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.
16. A) Lying on the beach is still popular.
B) Guided tours can be very expensive.
C) People do not experience local culture.
D) Tourist read guidebooks before travel.
17. A) It does not require changing money.
B) It may not require changing money.
C) It is supported by a website for booking hotels.
D) It allows a free stay to travel around the world.
18. A) He especially likes bring gifts to make money.
B) He enjoys staying in nice houses and apartments.
C) He considers meeting friendly people the best part.
D) He thinks it impossible to become part of the local life.

文段三 Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
33. A) They prefer window-shopping.
B) They buy more things than they have planned.
C) They usually have a bargain with the salesperson.
D) They usually buy some daily necessity.
34. A) To enhance their quality.
B) To promote their sale.
C) To make consumers feel relaxed.
D) To secure the mental health of the shopper.
35. A) Lighting is designed to be relaxing.
B) Setting background music.
C) Beautifully decorating the shops.
D) Lots of space between shelves.

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信息匹配
Who's Really Addicting You To Technology?
A. "Nearly everyone I know is addicted in some measure to the Internet," wrote Tony
Schwartz in The New York Times. It's a common complaint these days. A steady stream of
similar headlines accuse the Net and its offspring apps, social media sites and online games
of addicting us to distraction.
B. There's little doubt that nearly everyone who comes in contact with the Net has difficulty
disconnecting. Many of us, like Schwartz, struggle to stay focused on tasks that require more
concentration than it takes to post a status update. As one person ironically put it in the
comments section of Schwartz's online article, "As I was reading this very excellent article, I
stopped at least half a dozen times to check my email."
C. There's something different about this technology: it is both invasive and persuasive. But
who's at fault for its overuse? To find solutions, it's important to understand what we're
dealing with. There are four parties conspiring to keep you connected: the tech, your boss,
your friends and you.
D. The technologies themselves, and their makers, are the easiest suspects to blame for our
diminishing attention spans. Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What the Internet Is
Doing to Our Brains, wrote, "The net is designed to be an interruption system, a machine
geared to dividing attention."
E. Online services like Facebook, Twitter and the like, are called out as masters of
manipulation — making products so good that people can't stop using them. After studying
these products for several years, I wrote a book about how they do it. I learned it all starts
with the business model. Since these services rely on advertising revenue, the more
frequently you use them, the more money they make. It's no wonder these companies employ
teams of people focused on engineering their services to be as engaging as possible. These
products aren't habit-forming by chance; it's by design. They have an incentive to keep us
hooked.
F. However, as good as these services are, there are simple steps we can take to keep them at
bay. For example, we can change how often we receive the distracting notifications that
trigger our urge to check. According to Adam Marchick, CEO of mobile marketing company
kahuna, less than 15 percent of smartphone users ever bother to adjust their notification
settings—meaning the remaining 85 percent of us default to the app makers' every preset
trigger. Google and Apple have made it far too difficult to adjust these settings so it's up to us
to take steps ensure we set these triggers to suit our own needs, not the needs of the app
makers'.
G. While companies like Facebook harvest attention to generate revenue from advertisers,
other technologies have no such agenda. Take email, for example. This system couldn't care
less how often you use it. Yet to many, email is the most habit-forming medium of all. We
check email at all hours of the day—we're obsessed. But why? Because that's what the boss
wants. For almost all white-collar jobs, email is the primary tool of corporate
communication. A slow response to a message could hurt not only your reputation but also
your livelihood.
H. Your friends are also responsible for the addiction. Think about this familiar scene. People
gathered around a table, enjoying food and each other's company. There's laughter and a bit
of kidding. Then, during an interval in the conversation, someone takes out their phone to
check who knows what. Barely anyone notices and no one says a thing.
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I. Now, imagine the same dinner, but instead of checking their phone, the person belches —
loudly. Everyone notices. Unless the meal takes place in a beer house, this is considered bad
manners. The impolite act violates the basic rules of etiquette. One has to wonder: why don't
we apply the same social norms to checking phones during meals, meetings and
conversations as we do to other antisocial behaviors? Somehow, we accept it and say nothing
when someone offends.
J. The reality is, taking one's phone out at the wrong time is worse than belching because,
unlike other minor offense, checking tech is contagious. Once one person looks at their
phone, other people feel compelled to do the same, starting a chain reaction. The more
people are on their phones, the fewer people are talking until finally you're the only one left
not reading email or checking Twitter. From a societal perspective, phone checking is less
like belching in public and more like another bad habit. Our phones are like cigarettes—
something to do when we're anxious, bored or when our fingers need something to toy with.
Seeing others enjoy a smoke, or sneak a quick glance, is too tempting to resist and soon
everyone is doing it.
K. The technology, your boss, and your friends, all influence how often you find yourself
using (or overusing) these gadgets. But there's still someone who deserves scrutiny — the
person holding the phone.
L. I have a confession. Even though I study habit-forming technology for a living,
disconnecting is not easy for me. I'm online far more than I'd like. Like Schwartz and so
many others, I often find myself distracted and off task. I wanted to know why so I began
self-monitoring to try to understand my behavior. That's when I discovered an uncomfortable
truth. I use technology as an escape. When I'm doing something I'd rather not do, or when
I'm someplace I'd rather not be, I use my phone to port myself elsewhere. I found that this
ability to instantly shift my attention was often a good thing, like when passing time on
public transportation. But frequently my tech use was not so benign. When I faced difficult
work, like thinking through an article idea or editing the same draft for the hundredth time,
for example, a more sinister screen would draw me in. I could easily escape discomfort,
temporarily, by answering email or browsing the web under the pretense of so-called
"research." Though I desperately wanted to lay blame elsewhere, I finally had to admit that
my bad habits had less to do with new-age technology and more to do with old-fashioned
procrastination.
M. It's easy to blame technology for being so distracting, but distraction is nothing new.
Aristotle and Socrates debated the nature of "akrasia" — our tendency to do things against
our interests. If we're honest with ourselves, tech is just another way to occupy our time and
minds. If we weren't on our devices, we'd likely do something similarly unproductive.
N. Personal technology is indeed more engaging than ever, and there's no doubt companies
are engineering their products and services to be more compelling and attractive. But would
we want it any other way? The intended result of making something better is that people use
it more. That's not necessarily a problem, that's progress.
O. These improvements don't mean we shouldn't attempt to control our use of technology. In
order to make sure it doesn't control us, we should come to terms with the fact that it's more
than the technology itself that's responsible for our habits. Our workplace culture, social
norms and individual behaviors all play a part. To put technology in its place, we must be
conscious not only of how technology is changing, but also of how it is changing us.

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36. Online services are so designed that the more they are used, the more profit they
generate.
37. The author admits using technology as an escape from the task at hand.
38. Checking phones at dinners is now accepted as normal but not belching.
39. To make proper use of technology, we should not only increase our awareness of how it
is changing but also how it is impacting us.
40. Most of us find it hard to focus on our immediate tasks because of Internet distractions.
41. When one person starts checking their phone, the others will follow suit.
42. The great majority of smartphone users don't take the trouble to adjust their settings to
suit their own purposes.
43. The Internet is regarded by some as designed to distract our attention.
44. The author attributes his tech addiction chiefly to his habit of putting off doing what he
should do right away.
45. White-collar workers check email round the clock because it is required by their
employers.

翻译

国画是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。绘画时用毛笔蘸黑墨或彩墨在纸张或丝绸上作画。根据表现手法，国画可分为写意派和工笔派

两大类。写意派以自由表达和形式夸张为特点；工笔派则注重以精细的笔法描绘细节。山水画被公认为国画的最高形式。纵观历史，不同时期

的国画都相应地反映出人们的社会意识。

Chinese painting is one of the oldest artistic traditions in the world. The painting is done
on paper or silk with a brush dipped in black or colored ink. According to the means of
expression, Chinese paintings can be divided into two categories which are the Xieyi school
and the Gongbi school. The Xieyi school is characterized by free expression and exaggerated
forms, while the Gongbi school attaches importance to detail with fine brush work.
Landscape painting is widely regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. Throughout
history, the Chinese paintings paintings at different times mirror people's social
consciousness accordingly.