8.1.
3 - Data Transmission
Echo
Unit 1 - Building networks:
Network Structure and security
⏳ Do Now ⏳
Transmission
Directions:
1. Go to gimkit.com
2. Enter the join code
3. Complete the quiz!
Teacher’s link:
https://www.gimkit.com/view/600e588dd06366002253f0d7
🔰 Starter 🔰
Activity 14
Transmission errors - Discuss
Why is it important for a an air traffic control team in an airport,
What about a Hospital?
Large skyscrapers?
How do you think errors are identified and what solution could you offer to this problem?
🔰 Starter 🔰
Activity 14
Transmission errors
When computers communicate, it is important that the information sent and received is correct_ Take an air traffic control
team in an airport, for example.t is essential that the messages the controllers communicate to pilots are correct, otherwise
an aeroplane could be landing on a runway before another plane has taken off, which would be a disaster_
Another example is in hospitals. Most hospitals have complex network structures that rely on data transmission to show how
many beds they have available in various departments_ If this is not accurate, people could be turned away from a hospital
because the network showed that there were no beds available, when in fact there were
Large skyscrapers often use network-connected carbon-monoxide and heat detectors. What if a computer mistakenly
reported that a heat detector was cold, when there was a fire in the room it was monitoring?
People rely on computers to send data accurately across networks. Unfortunately, errors in systems do happen, but
computers have some clever ways to find them quickly.
💬 Key Vocabulary 💬
Add the following terms to your document:
✅ binary,
✅ bit flip,
✅ ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange),
✅ power surge,
✅ data set, algorithm,
✅ serial transmission,
✅ parallel transmission,
✅ and binary format.
🎯 Aims 🎯
📈 Objectives ✅ Success Criteria
“8CC.04 Describe how echo checks are used to detect errors in I can describe how echo checks are used to detect errors in
transmission.” transmission.
🎒 Activity 🎒
Binary?
When you type on a keyboard how does the keyboard transmit this?
We use a ASCII
This stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7-bit
character set consisting of 128 different letters, numbers or punctuation symbols. In
ASCII, every character has a corresponding number, or ASCII code. For example, the
character for the number 7 has the code 55, capital letter C has the code 67, and a
blank space has the code 321.
🎒 Activity 🎒
Discuss
Question - Sooo what prevents a hacker finding out the
ASCII information and then work out your password….
Task
Use the internet link to create your personal ASCII
ID…
ASCII art generator | TextKool
🎒 Activity 🎒
Some common problems would be:
● Intermittent network problems
● High bandwidth usage
● High CPU usage
● Physical connectivity issues
● Malfunctioning devices or equipment
● DNS issues
● Interference in the wireless network
● Network congestion
● Packet loss
● Jitter
● Routing problems
● VoIP call quality issues
● Network device failures
However we are only going to be understanding a select few such as Packet loss,interference and packet loss
🎒 Activity 🎒
1. Data transmission is the movement of data (bits) between at least two digital devices. Data
transmission can be over a short distance (e.g. from your computer to a plugged-in device)
or over longer distances (e.g. networks). There are different types of protocols that govern
communication between devices.
🏆 Challenge
2. A protocol is a set of rules that
governs transmission of data. Many
types of protocol exist - each has a
different purpose¹.
🎒 Activity 🎒
Serial Transmission
● Simplex: In simplex transmission, data is transmitted in only one direction.
Examples of simplex transmission include radio and television
broadcasting.
● Half-duplex: In half-duplex transmission, data is transmitted in both
directions but not at the same time. Examples of half-duplex transmission
include walkie-talkies and CB radios.
● Full-duplex: In full-duplex transmission, data is transmitted in both
directions at the same time. Examples of full-duplex transmission include
telephone lines and Ethernet.
🎒 Activity 🎒
Parallel transmission
Parallel transmission is a method of conveying multiple binary digits (bits)
simultaneously using multiple conductors. Examples of parallel transmission include
connections between a computer and a printer (parallel printer port and cable).
Watch the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-P28LKWTzrI
Explain in your own words how does serial and parallel work
🎒 Activity 🎒
Errors over transmission
Flip and power surge are common reasons for data errors over a transmission. For
example, a bit flip can occur due to cosmic rays or other environmental factors. A
power surge can occur due to lightning strikes or other electrical disturbances.
Cosmic rays are high-energy particles that originate from space.
Temperature changes can cause electrical components to malfunction.
Electromagnetic interference can be caused by other electronic devices or power
lines.
Using the internet - why would temperature or electromagnetic interference cause
errors
🎒 Activity 🎒
Temperature changes can cause electrical components to expand or contract,
which can lead to malfunctions.
Electromagnetic interference can cause electrical signals to become distorted or
lost, which can also lead to errors.
🎒 Activity 🎒
Flowchart - echo function
Explain the flow diagram
What is the decision that is shown in this algorithm?
– What happens if the data is not the same?
– What happens if the data is the same?
🎒 Activity 🎒
Flowchart
Explain the flow diagram
What is the decision that is shown in this algorithm? It checks
whether the data that was sent
is the same as the data received.
– What happens if the data is not the same? An error message is
output, and it tries to send the
data again.
– What happens if the data is the same? The algorithm ends.
– What do the flowchart arrow symbols mean in the flow diagram?
In order of sequence:
🎒 Activity 🎒
Identify the flowchart symbols
What do the flowchart symbols mean?
Write down what these symbols do and how they are used?
🎒 Activity 🎒
🎒 Activity 🎒
Create a comic strip
🎒 Activity 🎒
Tasks Worksheet 4 - 8.1.3
Once you complete a Echo comic strip, share the comic strips with somebody (e.g. other students or parents
with no prior knowledge of echo checks). Ask the person whether they understand the principle of echo
checking from reading the comic strip.
Stretch: If students can produce the sequence of steps for the comic strip easily, encourage them to consider
the ‘selection’ aspect of the flowchart in their comic strip, e.g. what happens if data 1 is not = data 2? (An error
is returned.)
Support: If students are finding the task more challenging, then they should start by bullet-pointing the key
sequence from the flowchart, ignoring the selection aspect, before producing their comic strip, e.g.:
1 Data is sent from device 1 to device 2.
2 Device 2 sends data back to device 1.
3 If they don’t match, an error is output.
🎒 Activity 🎒
Quick test
1. What is echo and what causes it in data transmission networks?
2. What are the effects of echo on the quality and reliability of data
transmission?
3. What are the methods of echo cancellation and how do they work?
4. How can echo cancellation be applied to different types of data
transmission networks, such as voice or digital systems?
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of echo cancellation
techniques?
🎒 Activity 🎒
Answers
1. Echo is when the sound or data you send comes back to you, making it hard to hear
or read clearly . It can happen in both phone calls and computer networks .
2. The problems of echo are:
a. You can’t understand what the other person is saying or what the data means .
b. It takes longer to communicate or send data .
c. It uses more network resources and money.
d. It causes more errors or missing data .
3. The ways to get rid of echo are:
a. Echo suppression, which makes the echo quieter.
b. Echo cancellation, which removes the echo by using smart filters and
calculations
🎒 Activity 🎒
4. Echo cancellation can work for different types of communication systems, such as voice or digital, by using different
devices, such as:
a. Line echo canceller (LEC), which fixes the echo caused by the difference between two types of wires in the phone
network .
b. Acoustic echo canceller (AEC), which fixes the echo caused by the sound from the speaker going into the
microphone in devices like phones, laptops, or conferencing systems .
c. Network echo canceller (NEC), which fixes the echo caused by the delay or variation in the network that sends
packets of data or voice over the Internet .
5. The good and bad things about echo cancellation are:
a. Good things:
i. Better sound quality and user happiness .
ii. Less network usage and cost.
iii. Improved performance and features of communication systems .
b. Bad things:
i. More complicated and expensive echo cancellers .
ii. Possible lower sound quality due to leftover echo or distortion .
iii. Possible problems due to changing network conditions or signal types
🎯 Aims 🎯
📈 Objectives ✅ Success Criteria
“8CC.04 Describe how echo checks are used to detect errors in I can describe how echo checks are used to detect errors in
transmission.” transmission.
I understand how echo works in data transmission
I can explain how to detect errors in transmission and why its
important to communication
🔁 Review 🔁
Class discussion / mind map
What errors have you seen when communicating in the past? For
example miscommunication with a friend or when you downloaded
software and it did not work
Share: what the error was and why it happened
e.g.“I tried to communicate while i was brushing my teeth or wearing my
clothes or eating or giving an instruction and it caused…”
Share: how to correct the error
e.g.“To fix it, I completed the given task and i tried again”
🏡 Homework 🏡
Activity
Investigate - How many times in a day do you echo(repeat) your
communication with friends and family and are you successful?
Give three examples of of how you corrected your instructions in
your everyday life?
For example if you gave an instruction and then rephrased it to
become a lot more clear..
📆 Due: Due date and time
