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Blowfish Algorithm with Examples

Last Updated : 07 Mar, 2024

Blowfish is an encryption technique designed by Bruce Schneier in 1993 as

an alternative to DES Encryption Technique. It is significantly faster than DES
and provides a good encryption rate with no effective cryptanalysis
technique found to date. It is one of the first, secure block cyphers not subject
to any patents and hence freely available for anyone to use. It is symmetric
block cipher algorithm.

1. blockSize: 64-bits
2. keySize: 32-bits to 448-bits variable size
3. number of subkeys: 18 [P-array]
4. number of rounds: 16
5. number of substitution boxes: 4 [each having 512 entries of 32-bits
each]

Blowfish Encryption Algorithm

The entire encryption process can be elaborated as:

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 Step1: Generation of subkeys:

18 subkeys{P[0]…P[17]} are needed in both encryption as well as

decryption process and the same subkeys are used for both the processes.
These 18 subkeys are stored in a P-array with each array element being a
32-bit entry.
It is initialized with the digits of pi(?).
The hexadecimal representation of each of the subkeys is given by:

P[0] = "243f6a88"
P[1] = "85a308d3"
.
.
.
P[17] = "8979fb1b"

Now each of the subkey is changed with respect to the input key as:

P[0] = P[0] xor 1st 32-bits of input key

P[1] = P[1] xor 2nd 32-bits of input key
.
.
.
P[i] = P[i] xor (i+1)th 32-bits of input key
(roll over to 1st 32-bits depending on the key length)
.
.
. to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our
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 P[17] = P[17] xor 18th 32-bits of input key
(roll over to 1st 32-bits depending on key length)

The resultant P-array holds 18 subkeys that is used during the entire
encryption process

Step2: initialise Substitution Boxes:

4 Substitution boxes(S-boxes) are needed{S[0]…S[4]} in both encryption

aswell as decryption process with each S-box having 256 entries{S[i][0]…
S[i][255], 0&lei&le4} where each entry is 32-bit.
It is initialized with the digits of pi(?) after initializing the P-array. You may
find the s-boxes in here!

Step3: Encryption:

The encryption function consists of two parts:

a. Rounds: The encryption consists of 16 rounds with each round(Ri)
taking inputs the plainText(P.T.) from previous round and corresponding
subkey(Pi). The description of each round is as follows:

The description of the function ” F ” is as follows:

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 Here the function “add” is addition modulo 2^32.

b. Post-processing: The output after the 16 rounds is processed as follows:

Below is a Java Program to demonstrate Blowfish encryption:

Java

// Java Program to demonstrate Blowfish encryption

import java.util.*;

public class Main {

// Substitution boxes each string is a 32 bit hexadecimal value.

String S[][]
= { { "d1310ba6", "98dfb5ac", "2ffd72db", "d01adfb7", "b8e1afed"
"6a267e96", "ba7c9045", "f12c7f99", "24a19947", "b3916cf7"
"0801f2e2", "858efc16", "636920d8", "71574e69", "a458fea3"
"f4933d7e", "0d95748f", "728eb658", "718bcd58", "82154aee"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"c25a59b5",
"7b54a41d", experience on our"9c30d539",
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"2af26013", "c5d1b023"
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"286085f0", "ca417918", "b8db38ef", "8e79dcb0", "603a180e"
"6c9e0e8b", "b01e8a3e", "d71577c1", "bd314b27", "78af2fda"
 "55605c60", "e65525f3", "aa55ab94", "57489862", "63e81440"
"55ca396a", "2aab10b6", "b4cc5c34", "1141e8ce", "a15486af"
"7c72e993", "b3ee1411", "636fbc2a", "2ba9c55d", "741831f6"
"ce5c3e16", "9b87931e", "afd6ba33", "6c24cf5c", "7a325381"
"28958677", "3b8f4898", "6b4bb9af", "c4bfe81b", "66282193"
"61d809cc", "fb21a991", "487cac60", "5dec8032", "ef845d5d"
"e98575b1", "dc262302", "eb651b88", "23893e81", "d396acc5"
"0f6d6ff3", "83f44239", "2e0b4482", "a4842004", "69c8f04a"
"9e1f9b5e", "21c66842", "f6e96c9a", "670c9c61", "abd388f0"
"6a51a0d2", "d8542f68", "960fa728", "ab5133a3", "6eef0b6c"
"137a3be4", "ba3bf050", "7efb2a98", "a1f1651d", "39af0176"
"66ca593e", "82430e88", "8cee8619", "456f9fb4", "7d84a5c3"
"3b8b5ebe", "e06f75d8", "85c12073", "401a449f", "56c16aa6"
"4ed3aa62", "363f7706", "1bfedf72", "429b023d", "37d0d724"
"d00a1248", "db0fead3", "49f1c09b", "075372c9", "80991b7b"
"25d479d8", "f6e8def7", "e3fe501a", "b6794c3b", "976ce0bd"
"04c006ba", "c1a94fb6", "409f60c4", "5e5c9ec2", "196a2463"
"68fb6faf", "3e6c53b5", "1339b2eb", "3b52ec6f", "6dfc511f"
"9b30952c", "cc814544", "af5ebd09", "bee3d004", "de334afd"
"660f2807", "192e4bb3", "c0cba857", "45c8740f", "d20b5f39"
"b9d3fbdb", "5579c0bd", "1a60320a", "d6a100c6", "402c7279"
"679f25fe", "fb1fa3cc", "8ea5e9f8", "db3222f8", "3c7516df"
"fd616b15", "2f501ec8", "ad0552ab", "323db5fa", "fd238760"
"53317b48", "3e00df82", "9e5c57bb", "ca6f8ca0", "1a87562e"
"df1769db", "d542a8f6", "287effc3", "ac6732c6", "8c4f5573"
"695b27b0", "bbca58c8", "e1ffa35d", "b8f011a0", "10fa3d98"
"fd2183b8", "4afcb56c", "2dd1d35b", "9a53e479", "b6f84565"
"d28e49bc", "4bfb9790", "e1ddf2da", "a4cb7e33", "62fb1341"
"cee4c6e8", "ef20cada", "36774c01", "d07e9efe", "2bf11fb4"
"95dbda4d", "ae909198", "eaad8e71", "6b93d5a0", "d08ed1d0"
"afc725e0", "8e3c5b2f", "8e7594b7", "8ff6e2fb", "f2122b64"
"8888b812", "900df01c", "4fad5ea0", "688fc31c", "d1cff191"
"b3a8c1ad", "2f2f2218", "be0e1777", "ea752dfe", "8b021fa1"
"e5a0cc0f", "b56f74e8", "18acf3d6", "ce89e299", "b4a84fe0"
"fd13e0b7", "7cc43b81", "d2ada8d9", "165fa266", "80957705"
"93cc7314", "211a1477", "e6ad2065", "77b5fa86", "c75442f5"
"fb9d35cf", "ebcdaf0c", "7b3e89a0", "d6411bd3", "ae1e7e49"
"00250e2d", "2071b35e", "226800bb", "57b8e0af", "2464369b"
"f009b91e", "5563911d", "59dfa6aa", "78c14389", "d95a537f"
"207d5ba2", "02e5b9c5", "83260376", "6295cfa9", "11c81968"
"4e734a41", "b3472dca", "7b14a94a", "1b510052", "9a532915"
"d60f573f", "bc9bc6e4", "2b60a476", "81e67400", "08ba6fb5"
"571be91f", "f296ec6b", "2a0dd915", "b6636521", "e7b9f9b6"
"ff34052e", "c5855664", "53b02d5d", "a99f8fa1", "08ba4799"
"6e85076a" },
{ "4b7a70e9", "b5b32944", "db75092e", "c4192623", "ad6ea6b0"
"49a7df7d", "9cee60b8", "8fedb266", "ecaa8c71", "699a17ff"
"5664526c", "c2b19ee1", "193602a5", "75094c29", "a0591340"
"e4183a3e", "3f54989a", "5b429d65", "6b8fe4d6", "99f73fd6"
"a1d29c07", "efe830f5", "4d2d38e6", "f0255dc1", "4cdd2086"
"8470eb26", "6382e9c6", "021ecc5e", "09686b3f", "3ebaefc9"
"3c971814", "6b6a70a1", "687f3584", "52a0e286", "b79c5305"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"3e07841c",
"aa500737", experience on our"7fdeae5c",
website. By using our
"8e7d44ec", "5716f2b8"
site, you acknowledge that you have"b03ada37",
read and understood our Cookie "f01c1f04",
"f0500c0d", Policy & Privacy Policy
"0200b3ff", "ae0cf51a"
 "3cb574b2", "25837a58", "dc0921bd", "d19113f9", "7ca92ff6"
"94324773", "22f54701", "3ae5e581", "37c2dadc", "c8b57634"
"9af3dda7", "a9446146", "0fd0030e", "ecc8c73e", "a4751e41"
"e238cd99", "3bea0e2f", "3280bba1", "183eb331", "4e548b38"
"4f6db908", "6f420d03", "f60a04bf", "2cb81290", "24977c79"
"5679b072", "bcaf89af", "de9a771f", "d9930810", "b38bae12"
"dccf3f2e", "5512721f", "2e6b7124", "501adde6", "9f84cd87"
"7a584718", "7408da17", "bc9f9abc", "e94b7d8c", "ec7aec3a"
"db851dfa", "63094366", "c464c3d2", "ef1c1847", "3215d908"
"dd433b37", "24c2ba16", "12a14d43", "2a65c451", "50940002"
"133ae4dd", "71dff89e", "10314e55", "81ac77d6", "5f11199b"
"043556f1", "d7a3c76b", "3c11183b", "5924a509", "f28fe6ed"
"97f1fbfa", "9ebabf2c", "1e153c6e", "86e34570", "eae96fb1"
"860e5e0a", "5a3e2ab3", "771fe71c", "4e3d06fa", "2965dcb9"
"99e71d0f", "803e89d6", "5266c825", "2e4cc978", "9c10b36a"
"c6150eba", "94e2ea78", "a5fc3c53", "1e0a2df4", "f2f74ea7"
"361d2b3d", "1939260f", "19c27960", "5223a708", "f71312b6"
"ebadfe6e", "eac31f66", "e3bc4595", "a67bc883", "b17f37d1"
"018cff28", "c332ddef", "be6c5aa5", "65582185", "68ab9802"
"eecea50f", "db2f953b", "2aef7dad", "5b6e2f84", "1521b628"
"29076170", "ecdd4775", "619f1510", "13cca830", "eb61bd96"
"0334fe1e", "aa0363cf", "b5735c90", "4c70a239", "d59e9e0b"
"cbaade14", "eecc86bc", "60622ca7", "9cab5cab", "b2f3846e"
"648b1eaf", "19bdf0ca", "a02369b9", "655abb50", "40685a32"
"3c2ab4b3", "319ee9d5", "c021b8f7", "9b540b19", "875fa099"
"95f7997e", "623d7da8", "f837889a", "97e32d77", "11ed935f"
"16681281", "0e358829", "c7e61fd6", "96dedfa1", "7858ba99"
"57f584a5", "1b227263", "9b83c3ff", "1ac24696", "cdb30aeb"
"532e3054", "8fd948e4", "6dbc3128", "58ebf2ef", "34c6ffea"
"fe28ed61", "ee7c3c73", "5d4a14d9", "e864b7e3", "42105d14"
"203e13e0", "45eee2b6", "a3aaabea", "db6c4f15", "facb4fd0"
"c742f442", "ef6abbb5", "654f3b1d", "41cd2105", "d81e799e"
"86854dc7", "e44b476a", "3d816250", "cf62a1f2", "5b8d2646"
"fc8883a0", "c1c7b6a3", "7f1524c3", "69cb7492", "47848a0b"
"5692b285", "095bbf00", "ad19489d", "1462b174", "23820e00"
"58428d2a", "0c55f5ea", "1dadf43e", "233f7061", "3372f092"
"8d937e41", "d65fecf1", "6c223bdb", "7cde3759", "cbee7460"
"4085f2a7", "ce77326e", "a6078084", "19f8509e", "e8efd855"
"61d99735", "a969a7aa", "c50c06c2", "5a04abfc", "800bcadc"
"9e447a2e", "c3453484", "fdd56705", "0e1e9ec9", "db73dbd3"
"105588cd", "675fda79", "e3674340", "c5c43465", "713e38d8"
"3d28f89e", "f16dff20", "153e21e7", "8fb03d4a", "e6e39f2b"
"db83adf7" },
{ "e93d5a68", "948140f7", "f64c261c", "94692934", "411520f7"
"7602d4f7", "bcf46b2e", "d4a20068", "d4082471", "3320f46a"
"43b7d4b7", "500061af", "1e39f62e", "97244546", "14214f74"
"bf8b8840", "4d95fc1d", "96b591af", "70f4ddd3", "66a02f45"
"bfbc09ec", "03bd9785", "7fac6dd0", "31cb8504", "96eb27b3"
"55fd3941", "da2547e6", "abca0a9a", "28507825", "530429f4"
"0a2c86da", "e9b66dfb", "68dc1462", "d7486900", "680ec0a4"
"27a18dee", "4f3ffea2", "e887ad8c", "b58ce006", "7af4d6b6"
"aace1e7c", "d3375fec", "ce78a399", "406b2a42", "20fe9e35"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"ee39d7ab",
"d9f385b9", experience on our"3b124e8b",
website. By using our
"1dc9faf7", "4b6d1856"
site, you acknowledge that you have"26a36631",
read and understood our Cookie "3a6efa74",
"eae397b2", Policy & Privacy Policy
"dd5b4332", "6841e7f7"
 "ca7820fb", "fb0af54e", "d8feb397", "454056ac", "ba489527"
"55533a3a", "20838d87", "fe6ba9b7", "d096954b", "55a867bc"
"a1159a58", "cca92963", "99e1db33", "a62a4a56", "3f3125f9"
"5ef47e1c", "9029317c", "fdf8e802", "04272f70", "80bb155c"
"05282ce3", "95c11548", "e4c66d22", "48c1133f", "c70f86dc"
"07f9c9ee", "41041f0f", "404779a4", "5d886e17", "325f51eb"
"d59bc0d1", "f2bcc18f", "41113564", "257b7834", "602a9c60"
"dff8e8a3", "1f636c1b", "0e12b4c2", "02e1329e", "af664fd1"
"cad18115", "6b2395e0", "333e92e1", "3b240b62", "eebeb922"
"85b2a20e", "e6ba0d99", "de720c8c", "2da2f728", "d0127845"
"95b794fd", "647d0862", "e7ccf5f0", "5449a36f", "877d48fa"
"c39dfd27", "f33e8d1e", "0a476341", "992eff74", "3a6f6eab"
"f4f8fd37", "a812dc60", "a1ebddf8", "991be14c", "db6e6b0d"
"c67b5510", "6d672c37", "2765d43b", "dcd0e804", "f1290dc7"
"cc00ffa3", "b5390f92", "690fed0b", "667b9ffb", "cedb7d9c"
"a091cf0b", "d9155ea3", "bb132f88", "515bad24", "7b9479bf"
"763bd6eb", "37392eb3", "cc115979", "8026e297", "f42e312d"
"6842ada7", "c66a2b3b", "12754ccc", "782ef11c", "6a124237"
"b79251e7", "06a1bbe6", "4bfb6350", "1a6b1018", "11caedfa"
"3d25bdd8", "e2e1c3c9", "44421659", "0a121386", "d90cec6e"
"d5abea2a", "64af674e", "da86a85f", "bebfe988", "64e4c3fe"
"9dbc8057", "f0f7c086", "60787bf8", "6003604d", "d1fd8346"
"f6381fb0", "7745ae04", "d736fccc", "83426b33", "f01eab71"
"b0804187", "3c005e5f", "77a057be", "bde8ae24", "55464299"
"bf582e61", "4e58f48f", "f2ddfda2", "f474ef38", "8789bdc2"
"5366f9c3", "c8b38e74", "b475f255", "46fcd9b9", "7aeb2661"
"8b1ddf84", "846a0e79", "915f95e2", "466e598e", "20b45770"
"8cd55591", "c902de4c", "b90bace1", "bb8205d0", "11a86248"
"7574a99e", "b77f19b6", "e0a9dc09", "662d09a1", "c4324633"
"e85a1f02", "09f0be8c", "4a99a025", "1d6efe10", "1ab93d1d"
"0ba5a4df", "a186f20f", "2868f169", "dcb7da83", "573906fe"
"a1e2ce9b", "4fcd7f52", "50115e01", "a70683fa", "a002b5c4"
"0de6d027", "9af88c27", "773f8641", "c3604c06", "61a806b5"
"f0177a28", "c0f586e0", "006058aa", "30dc7d62", "11e69ed7"
"2338ea63", "53c2dd94", "c2c21634", "bbcbee56", "90bcb6de"
"ebfc7da1", "ce591d76", "6f05e409", "4b7c0188", "39720a3d"
"7c927c24", "86e3725f", "724d9db9", "1ac15bb4", "d39eb8fc"
"ed545578", "08fca5b5", "d83d7cd3", "4dad0fc4", "1e50ef5e"
"b161e6f8", "a28514d9", "6c51133c", "6fd5c7e7", "56e14ec4"
"362abfce", "ddc6c837", "d79a3234", "92638212", "670efa8e"
"406000e0" },
{ "3a39ce37", "d3faf5cf", "abc27737", "5ac52d1b", "5cb0679e"
"4fa33742", "d3822740", "99bc9bbe", "d5118e9d", "bf0f7315"
"d62d1c7e", "c700c47b", "b78c1b6b", "21a19045", "b26eb1be"
"6a366eb4", "5748ab2f", "bc946e79", "c6a376d2", "6549c2c8"
"530ff8ee", "468dde7d", "d5730a1d", "4cd04dc6", "2939bbdb"
"a9ba4650", "ac9526e8", "be5ee304", "a1fad5f0", "6a2d519a"
"63ef8ce2", "9a86ee22", "c089c2b8", "43242ef6", "a51e03aa"
"9cf2d0a4", "83c061ba", "9be96a4d", "8fe51550", "ba645bd6"
"2826a2f9", "a73a3ae1", "4ba99586", "ef5562e9", "c72fefd3"
"f752f7da", "3f046f69", "77fa0a59", "80e4a915", "87b08601"
"9b09e6ad", "3b3ee593", "e990fd5a", "9e34d797", "2cf0b7d9"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"96d5ac3a",
"022b8b51", experience on our"017da67d",
website. By using our
"d1cf3ed6", "7c7d2d28"
site, you acknowledge that you have"1f9f25cf",
read and understood our Cookie "5ad6b472",
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"5a88f54c", "e029ac71"
 "e019a5e6", "47b0acfd", "ed93fa9b", "e8d3c48d", "283b57cc"
"f8d56629", "79132e28", "785f0191", "ed756055", "f7960e44"
"e3d35e8c", "15056dd4", "88f46dba", "03a16125", "0564f0bd"
"c3eb9e15", "3c9057a2", "97271aec", "a93a072a", "1b3f6d9b"
"1e6321f5", "f59c66fb", "26dcf319", "7533d928", "b155fdf5"
"03563482", "8aba3cbb", "28517711", "c20ad9f8", "abcc5167"
"ccad925f", "4de81751", "3830dc8e", "379d5862", "9320f991"
"ea7a90c2", "fb3e7bce", "5121ce64", "774fbe32", "a8b6e37e"
"c3293d46", "48de5369", "6413e680", "a2ae0810", "dd6db224"
"69852dfd", "09072166", "b39a460a", "6445c0dd", "586cdecf"
"1c20c8ae", "5bbef7dd", "1b588d40", "ccd2017f", "6bb4e3bb"
"dda26a7e", "3a59ff45", "3e350a44", "bcb4cdd5", "72eacea8"
"fa6484bb", "8d6612ae", "bf3c6f47", "d29be463", "542f5d9e"
"aec2771b", "f64e6370", "740e0d8d", "e75b1357", "f8721671"
"af537d5d", "4040cb08", "4eb4e2cc", "34d2466a", "0115af84"
"e1b00428", "95983a1d", "06b89fb4", "ce6ea048", "6f3f3b82"
"3520ab82", "011a1d4b", "277227f8", "611560b1", "e7933fdc"
"bb3a792b", "344525bd", "a08839e1", "51ce794b", "2f32c9b7"
"a01fbac9", "e01cc87e", "bcc7d1f6", "cf0111c3", "a1e8aac7"
"1a908749", "d44fbd9a", "d0dadecb", "d50ada38", "0339c32a"
"c6913667", "8df9317c", "e0b12b4f", "f79e59b7", "43f5bb3a"
"f2d519ff", "27d9459c", "bf97222c", "15e6fc2a", "0f91fc71"
"9b941525", "fae59361", "ceb69ceb", "c2a86459", "12baa8d1"
"b6c1075e", "e3056a0c", "10d25065", "cb03a442", "e0ec6e0e"
"1698db3b", "4c98a0be", "3278e964", "9f1f9532", "e0d392df"
"d3a0342b", "8971f21e", "1b0a7441", "4ba3348c", "c5be7120"
"c37632d8", "df359f8d", "9b992f2e", "e60b6f47", "0fe3f11d"
"e54cda54", "1edad891", "ce6279cf", "cd3e7e6f", "1618b166"
"fd2c1d05", "848fd2c5", "f6fb2299", "f523f357", "a6327623"
"93a83531", "56cccd02", "acf08162", "5a75ebb5", "6e163697"
"88d273cc", "de966292", "81b949d0", "4c50901b", "71c65614"
"e6c6c7bd", "327a140a", "45e1d006", "c3f27b9a", "c9aa53fd"
"62a80f00", "bb25bfe2", "35bdd2f6", "71126905", "b2040222"
"b6cbcf7c", "cd769c2b", "53113ec0", "1640e3d3", "38abbd60"
"2547adf0", "ba38209c", "f746ce76", "77afa1c5", "20756060"
"85cbfe4e", "8ae88dd8", "7aaaf9b0", "4cf9aa7e", "1948c25c"
"02fb8a8c", "01c36ae4", "d6ebe1f9", "90d4f869", "a65cdea0"
"3f09252d", "c208e69f", "b74e6132", "ce77e25b", "578fdfe3"
"3ac372e6" } };

// Subkeys initialisation with digits of pi.

String P[] = { "243f6a88", "85a308d3", "13198a2e", "03707344", "a409
"299f31d0", "082efa98", "ec4e6c89", "452821e6", "38d0
"be5466cf", "34e90c6c", "c0ac29b7", "c97c50dd", "3f84
"b5470917", "9216d5d9", "8979fb1b" };

// to store 2^32(for addition modulo 2^32).

long modVal = 1;

// to convert hexadecimal to binary.

private String hexToBin(String plainText)
{
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String best browsing
= "";experience on our website. By using our
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you have
num;read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 String binary4B;
int n = plainText.length();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

num = Long.parseUnsignedLong(
plainText.charAt(i) + "", 16);
binary4B = Long.toBinaryString(num);

// each value in hexadecimal is 4 bits in binary.

binary4B = "0000" + binary4B;

binary4B = binary4B.substring(binary4B.length() - 4);

binary += binary4B;
}
return binary;
}

// convert from binary to hexadecimal.

private String binToHex(String plainText)
{

long num = Long.parseUnsignedLong(plainText, 2);

String hexa = Long.toHexString(num);
while (hexa.length() < (plainText.length() / 4))

// maintain output length same length

// as input by appending leading zeroes.
hexa = "0" + hexa;

return hexa;
}

// xor two hexadecimal strings of the same length.

private String xor(String a, String b)
{
a = hexToBin(a);
b = hexToBin(b);
String ans = "";
for (int i = 0; i < a.length(); i++)
ans += (char)(((a.charAt(i) - '0')
^ (b.charAt(i) - '0'))
+ '0');
ans = binToHex(ans);
return ans;
}

// addition modulo 2^32 of two hexadecimal strings.

private String addBin(String a, String b)
{
String ans = "";
long n1 = Long.parseUnsignedLong(a, 16);
long n2 = Long.parseUnsignedLong(b, 16);
We use cookies to ensure you
n1have the best
= (n1 browsing
+ n2) experience on our website. By using our
% modVal;
site, you acknowledge that ans
you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
= Long.toHexString(n1);
 ans = "00000000" + ans;
return ans.substring(ans.length() - 8);
}

// function F explained above.

private String f(String plainText)
{
String a[] = new String[4];
String ans = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
// the column number for S-box
// is 8-bit value(8*4 = 32 bit plain text)
long col
= Long.parseUnsignedLong(
hexToBin(
plainText
.substring(i, i + 2)),
2);
a[i / 2] = S[i / 2][(int)col];
}
ans = addBin(a[0], a[1]);
ans = xor(ans, a[2]);
ans = addBin(ans, a[3]);
return ans;
}

// generate subkeys.
private void keyGenerate(String key)
{
int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < P.length; i++) {

// xor-ing 32-bit parts of the key

// with initial subkeys.
P[i] = xor(P[i], key.substring(j, j + 8));

System.out.println("subkey "
+ (i + 1) + ": "
+ P[i]);
j = (j + 8) % key.length();
}
}

// round function
private String round(int time, String plainText)
{
String left, right;
left = plainText.substring(0, 8);
right = plainText.substring(8, 16);
left = xor(left, P[time]);

// output from F function

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String best browsing experience on our website. By using our
= f(left);
site, you acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 right = xor(fOut, right);

System.out.println(
"round " + time + ": "
+ right + left);

// swap left and right

return right + left;
}

// encryption
private String encrypt(String plainText)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
plainText = round(i, plainText);

// postprocessing
String right = plainText.substring(0, 8);
String left = plainText.substring(8, 16);
right = xor(right, P[16]);
left = xor(left, P[17]);
return left + right;
}

Main()
{
// storing 2^32 in modVal
//(<<1 is equivalent to multiply by 2)
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
modVal = modVal << 1;

String plainText = "123456abcd132536";

String key = "aabb09182736ccdd";

keyGenerate(key);

System.out.println("-----Encryption-----");
String cipherText = encrypt(plainText);
System.out.println("Cipher Text: " + cipherText);
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
new Main();
}
}

// This code is contributed by AbhayBhat

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acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 subkey 1: 8e846390
subkey 2: a295c40e
subkey 3: b9a28336
subkey 4: 2446bf99
subkey 5: 0eb2313a
subkey 6: 0ea9fd0d
subkey 7: a295f380
subkey 8: cb78a054
subkey 9: ef9328fe
subkey 10: 1fe6dfaa
subkey 11: 14ef6fd7
subkey 12: 13dfc0b1
subkey 13: 6a1720af
subkey 14: ee4a9c00
subkey 15: 953fdcad
subkey 16: 9271c5ca
subkey 17: 38addcc1
subkey 18: ae4f37c6
-----Encryption-----
round 0: 77b3ba639cb0353b
round 1: 0cc7d63fd5267e6d
round 2: c799728ab5655509
round 3: 69612395e3dfcd13
round 4: f3f5b74b67d312af
round 5: 52023d4efd5c4a46
round 6: 5b785180f097cece
round 7: cc946d119000f1d4
round 8: 6af47a4b230745ef
round 9: 9fb82cc57512a5e1
round 10: 1106c1ab8b574312
round 11: 7d7a616502d9011a
round 12: 81e9ce71176d41ca
round 13: 9727e50a6fa35271
round 14: eb761e34021839a7
round 15: 0599d9367907dbfe
Cipher Text: d748ec383d3405f7

Decryption
The decryption process is similar to that of encryption and the subkeys are
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used in reverse{P[17] – P[0]}. The entire decryption process can be
site, you acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 elaborated as:

Lets see each step one by one:

Step1: Generation of subkeys:

18 subkeys{P[0]…P[17]} are needed in decryption process.

These 18 subkeys are stored in a P-array with each array element being a
32-bit entry.
It is initialized with the digits of pi(?).
The hexadecimal representation of each of the subkeys is given by:

P[0] = "243f6a88"
P[1] = "85a308d3"
.
.
.
P[17] = "8979fb1b"

Note: See encryption for the initial values of P-array.

Now each of the subkeys is changed with respect to the input key as:

P[0] = P[0] xor 1st 32-bits of input key

P[1] = P[1] xor 2nd 32-bits of input key
.
.
.
P[i] = P[i] xor (i+1)th 32-bits of input key
We use cookies to ensure
(roll over youto
have1st
the best browsingdepending
32-bits experience onon
our website.
the key By using our
length)
site, you acknowledge
.
that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 .
.
P[17] = P[17] xor 18th 32-bits of input key
(roll over to 1st 32-bits depending on key length)

The resultant P-array holds 18 subkeys that is used during the entire
encryption process

Step2: initialize Substitution Boxes:

4 Substitution boxes(S-boxes) are needed{S[0]…S[4]} in both encryption

aswell as decryption process with each S-box having 256 entries{S[i][0]…
S[i][255], 0&lei&le4} where each entry is 32-bit.
It is initialized with the digits of pi(?) after initializing the P-array. You may
find the s-boxes in here !

Step3: Decryption:

The Decryption function also consists of two parts:

1. Rounds: The decryption also consists of 16 rounds with each round(Ri)
(as explained above) taking inputs the cipherText(C.T.) from previous
round and corresponding subkey(P[17-i])(i.e for decryption the subkeys
are used in reverse).
2. Post-processing: The output after the 16 rounds is processed as
follows:

Below is a Java program to demonstrate decryption

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 // Java program to demonstrate
// Blowfish decryption Algorithm

import java.util.*;

public class Main {

// Substitution boxes each string is a 32 bit hexadecimal value.

String S[][]
= { { "d1310ba6", "98dfb5ac", "2ffd72db", "d01adfb7", "b8e1afed"
"6a267e96", "ba7c9045", "f12c7f99", "24a19947", "b3916cf7"
"0801f2e2", "858efc16", "636920d8", "71574e69", "a458fea3"
"f4933d7e", "0d95748f", "728eb658", "718bcd58", "82154aee"
"7b54a41d", "c25a59b5", "9c30d539", "2af26013", "c5d1b023"
"286085f0", "ca417918", "b8db38ef", "8e79dcb0", "603a180e"
"6c9e0e8b", "b01e8a3e", "d71577c1", "bd314b27", "78af2fda"
"55605c60", "e65525f3", "aa55ab94", "57489862", "63e81440"
"55ca396a", "2aab10b6", "b4cc5c34", "1141e8ce", "a15486af"
"7c72e993", "b3ee1411", "636fbc2a", "2ba9c55d", "741831f6"
"ce5c3e16", "9b87931e", "afd6ba33", "6c24cf5c", "7a325381"
"28958677", "3b8f4898", "6b4bb9af", "c4bfe81b", "66282193"
"61d809cc", "fb21a991", "487cac60", "5dec8032", "ef845d5d"
"e98575b1", "dc262302", "eb651b88", "23893e81", "d396acc5"
"0f6d6ff3", "83f44239", "2e0b4482", "a4842004", "69c8f04a"
"9e1f9b5e", "21c66842", "f6e96c9a", "670c9c61", "abd388f0"
"6a51a0d2", "d8542f68", "960fa728", "ab5133a3", "6eef0b6c"
"137a3be4", "ba3bf050", "7efb2a98", "a1f1651d", "39af0176"
"66ca593e", "82430e88", "8cee8619", "456f9fb4", "7d84a5c3"
"3b8b5ebe", "e06f75d8", "85c12073", "401a449f", "56c16aa6"
"4ed3aa62", "363f7706", "1bfedf72", "429b023d", "37d0d724"
"d00a1248", "db0fead3", "49f1c09b", "075372c9", "80991b7b"
"25d479d8", "f6e8def7", "e3fe501a", "b6794c3b", "976ce0bd"
"04c006ba", "c1a94fb6", "409f60c4", "5e5c9ec2", "196a2463"
"68fb6faf", "3e6c53b5", "1339b2eb", "3b52ec6f", "6dfc511f"
"9b30952c", "cc814544", "af5ebd09", "bee3d004", "de334afd"
"660f2807", "192e4bb3", "c0cba857", "45c8740f", "d20b5f39"
"b9d3fbdb", "5579c0bd", "1a60320a", "d6a100c6", "402c7279"
"679f25fe", "fb1fa3cc", "8ea5e9f8", "db3222f8", "3c7516df"
"fd616b15", "2f501ec8", "ad0552ab", "323db5fa", "fd238760"
"53317b48", "3e00df82", "9e5c57bb", "ca6f8ca0", "1a87562e"
"df1769db", "d542a8f6", "287effc3", "ac6732c6", "8c4f5573"
"695b27b0", "bbca58c8", "e1ffa35d", "b8f011a0", "10fa3d98"
"fd2183b8", "4afcb56c", "2dd1d35b", "9a53e479", "b6f84565"
"d28e49bc", "4bfb9790", "e1ddf2da", "a4cb7e33", "62fb1341"
"cee4c6e8", "ef20cada", "36774c01", "d07e9efe", "2bf11fb4"
"95dbda4d", "ae909198", "eaad8e71", "6b93d5a0", "d08ed1d0"
"afc725e0", "8e3c5b2f", "8e7594b7", "8ff6e2fb", "f2122b64"
"8888b812", "900df01c", "4fad5ea0", "688fc31c", "d1cff191"
"b3a8c1ad", "2f2f2218", "be0e1777", "ea752dfe", "8b021fa1"
"e5a0cc0f", "b56f74e8", "18acf3d6", "ce89e299", "b4a84fe0"
"fd13e0b7", "7cc43b81", "d2ada8d9", "165fa266", "80957705"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our
"93cc7314", "211a1477", "e6ad2065", "77b5fa86", "c75442f5"
site, you acknowledge that you have"fb9d35cf",
read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
"ebcdaf0c", "7b3e89a0", "d6411bd3", "ae1e7e49"
 "00250e2d", "2071b35e", "226800bb", "57b8e0af", "2464369b"
"f009b91e", "5563911d", "59dfa6aa", "78c14389", "d95a537f"
"207d5ba2", "02e5b9c5", "83260376", "6295cfa9", "11c81968"
"4e734a41", "b3472dca", "7b14a94a", "1b510052", "9a532915"
"d60f573f", "bc9bc6e4", "2b60a476", "81e67400", "08ba6fb5"
"571be91f", "f296ec6b", "2a0dd915", "b6636521", "e7b9f9b6"
"ff34052e", "c5855664", "53b02d5d", "a99f8fa1", "08ba4799"
"6e85076a" },
{ "4b7a70e9", "b5b32944", "db75092e", "c4192623", "ad6ea6b0"
"49a7df7d", "9cee60b8", "8fedb266", "ecaa8c71", "699a17ff"
"5664526c", "c2b19ee1", "193602a5", "75094c29", "a0591340"
"e4183a3e", "3f54989a", "5b429d65", "6b8fe4d6", "99f73fd6"
"a1d29c07", "efe830f5", "4d2d38e6", "f0255dc1", "4cdd2086"
"8470eb26", "6382e9c6", "021ecc5e", "09686b3f", "3ebaefc9"
"3c971814", "6b6a70a1", "687f3584", "52a0e286", "b79c5305"
"aa500737", "3e07841c", "7fdeae5c", "8e7d44ec", "5716f2b8"
"b03ada37", "f0500c0d", "f01c1f04", "0200b3ff", "ae0cf51a"
"3cb574b2", "25837a58", "dc0921bd", "d19113f9", "7ca92ff6"
"94324773", "22f54701", "3ae5e581", "37c2dadc", "c8b57634"
"9af3dda7", "a9446146", "0fd0030e", "ecc8c73e", "a4751e41"
"e238cd99", "3bea0e2f", "3280bba1", "183eb331", "4e548b38"
"4f6db908", "6f420d03", "f60a04bf", "2cb81290", "24977c79"
"5679b072", "bcaf89af", "de9a771f", "d9930810", "b38bae12"
"dccf3f2e", "5512721f", "2e6b7124", "501adde6", "9f84cd87"
"7a584718", "7408da17", "bc9f9abc", "e94b7d8c", "ec7aec3a"
"db851dfa", "63094366", "c464c3d2", "ef1c1847", "3215d908"
"dd433b37", "24c2ba16", "12a14d43", "2a65c451", "50940002"
"133ae4dd", "71dff89e", "10314e55", "81ac77d6", "5f11199b"
"043556f1", "d7a3c76b", "3c11183b", "5924a509", "f28fe6ed"
"97f1fbfa", "9ebabf2c", "1e153c6e", "86e34570", "eae96fb1"
"860e5e0a", "5a3e2ab3", "771fe71c", "4e3d06fa", "2965dcb9"
"99e71d0f", "803e89d6", "5266c825", "2e4cc978", "9c10b36a"
"c6150eba", "94e2ea78", "a5fc3c53", "1e0a2df4", "f2f74ea7"
"361d2b3d", "1939260f", "19c27960", "5223a708", "f71312b6"
"ebadfe6e", "eac31f66", "e3bc4595", "a67bc883", "b17f37d1"
"018cff28", "c332ddef", "be6c5aa5", "65582185", "68ab9802"
"eecea50f", "db2f953b", "2aef7dad", "5b6e2f84", "1521b628"
"29076170", "ecdd4775", "619f1510", "13cca830", "eb61bd96"
"0334fe1e", "aa0363cf", "b5735c90", "4c70a239", "d59e9e0b"
"cbaade14", "eecc86bc", "60622ca7", "9cab5cab", "b2f3846e"
"648b1eaf", "19bdf0ca", "a02369b9", "655abb50", "40685a32"
"3c2ab4b3", "319ee9d5", "c021b8f7", "9b540b19", "875fa099"
"95f7997e", "623d7da8", "f837889a", "97e32d77", "11ed935f"
"16681281", "0e358829", "c7e61fd6", "96dedfa1", "7858ba99"
"57f584a5", "1b227263", "9b83c3ff", "1ac24696", "cdb30aeb"
"532e3054", "8fd948e4", "6dbc3128", "58ebf2ef", "34c6ffea"
"fe28ed61", "ee7c3c73", "5d4a14d9", "e864b7e3", "42105d14"
"203e13e0", "45eee2b6", "a3aaabea", "db6c4f15", "facb4fd0"
"c742f442", "ef6abbb5", "654f3b1d", "41cd2105", "d81e799e"
"86854dc7", "e44b476a", "3d816250", "cf62a1f2", "5b8d2646"
"fc8883a0", "c1c7b6a3", "7f1524c3", "69cb7492", "47848a0b"
"5692b285", "095bbf00", "ad19489d", "1462b174", "23820e00"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"0c55f5ea",
"58428d2a", experience on our"1dadf43e",
website. By using our
"233f7061", "3372f092"
site, you acknowledge that you have"8d937e41",
read and understood our Cookie "6c223bdb",
"d65fecf1", Policy & Privacy Policy
"7cde3759", "cbee7460"
 "4085f2a7", "ce77326e", "a6078084", "19f8509e", "e8efd855"
"61d99735", "a969a7aa", "c50c06c2", "5a04abfc", "800bcadc"
"9e447a2e", "c3453484", "fdd56705", "0e1e9ec9", "db73dbd3"
"105588cd", "675fda79", "e3674340", "c5c43465", "713e38d8"
"3d28f89e", "f16dff20", "153e21e7", "8fb03d4a", "e6e39f2b"
"db83adf7" },
{ "e93d5a68", "948140f7", "f64c261c", "94692934", "411520f7"
"7602d4f7", "bcf46b2e", "d4a20068", "d4082471", "3320f46a"
"43b7d4b7", "500061af", "1e39f62e", "97244546", "14214f74"
"bf8b8840", "4d95fc1d", "96b591af", "70f4ddd3", "66a02f45"
"bfbc09ec", "03bd9785", "7fac6dd0", "31cb8504", "96eb27b3"
"55fd3941", "da2547e6", "abca0a9a", "28507825", "530429f4"
"0a2c86da", "e9b66dfb", "68dc1462", "d7486900", "680ec0a4"
"27a18dee", "4f3ffea2", "e887ad8c", "b58ce006", "7af4d6b6"
"aace1e7c", "d3375fec", "ce78a399", "406b2a42", "20fe9e35"
"d9f385b9", "ee39d7ab", "3b124e8b", "1dc9faf7", "4b6d1856"
"26a36631", "eae397b2", "3a6efa74", "dd5b4332", "6841e7f7"
"ca7820fb", "fb0af54e", "d8feb397", "454056ac", "ba489527"
"55533a3a", "20838d87", "fe6ba9b7", "d096954b", "55a867bc"
"a1159a58", "cca92963", "99e1db33", "a62a4a56", "3f3125f9"
"5ef47e1c", "9029317c", "fdf8e802", "04272f70", "80bb155c"
"05282ce3", "95c11548", "e4c66d22", "48c1133f", "c70f86dc"
"07f9c9ee", "41041f0f", "404779a4", "5d886e17", "325f51eb"
"d59bc0d1", "f2bcc18f", "41113564", "257b7834", "602a9c60"
"dff8e8a3", "1f636c1b", "0e12b4c2", "02e1329e", "af664fd1"
"cad18115", "6b2395e0", "333e92e1", "3b240b62", "eebeb922"
"85b2a20e", "e6ba0d99", "de720c8c", "2da2f728", "d0127845"
"95b794fd", "647d0862", "e7ccf5f0", "5449a36f", "877d48fa"
"c39dfd27", "f33e8d1e", "0a476341", "992eff74", "3a6f6eab"
"f4f8fd37", "a812dc60", "a1ebddf8", "991be14c", "db6e6b0d"
"c67b5510", "6d672c37", "2765d43b", "dcd0e804", "f1290dc7"
"cc00ffa3", "b5390f92", "690fed0b", "667b9ffb", "cedb7d9c"
"a091cf0b", "d9155ea3", "bb132f88", "515bad24", "7b9479bf"
"763bd6eb", "37392eb3", "cc115979", "8026e297", "f42e312d"
"6842ada7", "c66a2b3b", "12754ccc", "782ef11c", "6a124237"
"b79251e7", "06a1bbe6", "4bfb6350", "1a6b1018", "11caedfa"
"3d25bdd8", "e2e1c3c9", "44421659", "0a121386", "d90cec6e"
"d5abea2a", "64af674e", "da86a85f", "bebfe988", "64e4c3fe"
"9dbc8057", "f0f7c086", "60787bf8", "6003604d", "d1fd8346"
"f6381fb0", "7745ae04", "d736fccc", "83426b33", "f01eab71"
"b0804187", "3c005e5f", "77a057be", "bde8ae24", "55464299"
"bf582e61", "4e58f48f", "f2ddfda2", "f474ef38", "8789bdc2"
"5366f9c3", "c8b38e74", "b475f255", "46fcd9b9", "7aeb2661"
"8b1ddf84", "846a0e79", "915f95e2", "466e598e", "20b45770"
"8cd55591", "c902de4c", "b90bace1", "bb8205d0", "11a86248"
"7574a99e", "b77f19b6", "e0a9dc09", "662d09a1", "c4324633"
"e85a1f02", "09f0be8c", "4a99a025", "1d6efe10", "1ab93d1d"
"0ba5a4df", "a186f20f", "2868f169", "dcb7da83", "573906fe"
"a1e2ce9b", "4fcd7f52", "50115e01", "a70683fa", "a002b5c4"
"0de6d027", "9af88c27", "773f8641", "c3604c06", "61a806b5"
"f0177a28", "c0f586e0", "006058aa", "30dc7d62", "11e69ed7"
"2338ea63", "53c2dd94", "c2c21634", "bbcbee56", "90bcb6de"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"ce591d76",
"ebfc7da1", experience on our"6f05e409",
website. By using our
"4b7c0188", "39720a3d"
site, you acknowledge that you have"7c927c24",
read and understood our Cookie "724d9db9",
"86e3725f", Policy & Privacy Policy
"1ac15bb4", "d39eb8fc"
 "ed545578", "08fca5b5", "d83d7cd3", "4dad0fc4", "1e50ef5e"
"b161e6f8", "a28514d9", "6c51133c", "6fd5c7e7", "56e14ec4"
"362abfce", "ddc6c837", "d79a3234", "92638212", "670efa8e"
"406000e0" },
{ "3a39ce37", "d3faf5cf", "abc27737", "5ac52d1b", "5cb0679e"
"4fa33742", "d3822740", "99bc9bbe", "d5118e9d", "bf0f7315"
"d62d1c7e", "c700c47b", "b78c1b6b", "21a19045", "b26eb1be"
"6a366eb4", "5748ab2f", "bc946e79", "c6a376d2", "6549c2c8"
"530ff8ee", "468dde7d", "d5730a1d", "4cd04dc6", "2939bbdb"
"a9ba4650", "ac9526e8", "be5ee304", "a1fad5f0", "6a2d519a"
"63ef8ce2", "9a86ee22", "c089c2b8", "43242ef6", "a51e03aa"
"9cf2d0a4", "83c061ba", "9be96a4d", "8fe51550", "ba645bd6"
"2826a2f9", "a73a3ae1", "4ba99586", "ef5562e9", "c72fefd3"
"f752f7da", "3f046f69", "77fa0a59", "80e4a915", "87b08601"
"9b09e6ad", "3b3ee593", "e990fd5a", "9e34d797", "2cf0b7d9"
"022b8b51", "96d5ac3a", "017da67d", "d1cf3ed6", "7c7d2d28"
"1f9f25cf", "adf2b89b", "5ad6b472", "5a88f54c", "e029ac71"
"e019a5e6", "47b0acfd", "ed93fa9b", "e8d3c48d", "283b57cc"
"f8d56629", "79132e28", "785f0191", "ed756055", "f7960e44"
"e3d35e8c", "15056dd4", "88f46dba", "03a16125", "0564f0bd"
"c3eb9e15", "3c9057a2", "97271aec", "a93a072a", "1b3f6d9b"
"1e6321f5", "f59c66fb", "26dcf319", "7533d928", "b155fdf5"
"03563482", "8aba3cbb", "28517711", "c20ad9f8", "abcc5167"
"ccad925f", "4de81751", "3830dc8e", "379d5862", "9320f991"
"ea7a90c2", "fb3e7bce", "5121ce64", "774fbe32", "a8b6e37e"
"c3293d46", "48de5369", "6413e680", "a2ae0810", "dd6db224"
"69852dfd", "09072166", "b39a460a", "6445c0dd", "586cdecf"
"1c20c8ae", "5bbef7dd", "1b588d40", "ccd2017f", "6bb4e3bb"
"dda26a7e", "3a59ff45", "3e350a44", "bcb4cdd5", "72eacea8"
"fa6484bb", "8d6612ae", "bf3c6f47", "d29be463", "542f5d9e"
"aec2771b", "f64e6370", "740e0d8d", "e75b1357", "f8721671"
"af537d5d", "4040cb08", "4eb4e2cc", "34d2466a", "0115af84"
"e1b00428", "95983a1d", "06b89fb4", "ce6ea048", "6f3f3b82"
"3520ab82", "011a1d4b", "277227f8", "611560b1", "e7933fdc"
"bb3a792b", "344525bd", "a08839e1", "51ce794b", "2f32c9b7"
"a01fbac9", "e01cc87e", "bcc7d1f6", "cf0111c3", "a1e8aac7"
"1a908749", "d44fbd9a", "d0dadecb", "d50ada38", "0339c32a"
"c6913667", "8df9317c", "e0b12b4f", "f79e59b7", "43f5bb3a"
"f2d519ff", "27d9459c", "bf97222c", "15e6fc2a", "0f91fc71"
"9b941525", "fae59361", "ceb69ceb", "c2a86459", "12baa8d1"
"b6c1075e", "e3056a0c", "10d25065", "cb03a442", "e0ec6e0e"
"1698db3b", "4c98a0be", "3278e964", "9f1f9532", "e0d392df"
"d3a0342b", "8971f21e", "1b0a7441", "4ba3348c", "c5be7120"
"c37632d8", "df359f8d", "9b992f2e", "e60b6f47", "0fe3f11d"
"e54cda54", "1edad891", "ce6279cf", "cd3e7e6f", "1618b166"
"fd2c1d05", "848fd2c5", "f6fb2299", "f523f357", "a6327623"
"93a83531", "56cccd02", "acf08162", "5a75ebb5", "6e163697"
"88d273cc", "de966292", "81b949d0", "4c50901b", "71c65614"
"e6c6c7bd", "327a140a", "45e1d006", "c3f27b9a", "c9aa53fd"
"62a80f00", "bb25bfe2", "35bdd2f6", "71126905", "b2040222"
"b6cbcf7c", "cd769c2b", "53113ec0", "1640e3d3", "38abbd60"
"2547adf0", "ba38209c", "f746ce76", "77afa1c5", "20756060"
We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing"8ae88dd8",
"85cbfe4e", experience on our"7aaaf9b0",
website. By using our
"4cf9aa7e", "1948c25c"
site, you acknowledge that you have"02fb8a8c",
read and understood our Cookie "d6ebe1f9",
"01c36ae4", Policy & Privacy Policy
"90d4f869", "a65cdea0"
 "3f09252d", "c208e69f", "b74e6132", "ce77e25b", "578fdfe3"
"3ac372e6" } };

// Subkeys initialisation with digits of pi.

String P[] = { "243f6a88", "85a308d3", "13198a2e", "03707344", "a409
"299f31d0", "082efa98", "ec4e6c89", "452821e6", "38d0
"be5466cf", "34e90c6c", "c0ac29b7", "c97c50dd", "3f84
"b5470917", "9216d5d9", "8979fb1b" };

// to store 2^32(for addition modulo 2^32).

long modVal = 1;

// to convert hexadecimal to binary.

private String hexToBin(String plainText)
{
String binary = "";
Long num;
String binary4B;
int n = plainText.length();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
num
= Long.parseUnsignedLong(
plainText.charAt(i) + "", 16);
binary4B = Long.toBinaryString(num);

// each value in hexadecimal

// is 4 bits in binary.
binary4B = "0000" + binary4B;
binary4B
= binary4B.substring(
binary4B.length() - 4);
binary += binary4B;
}
return binary;
}

// convert from binary to hexadecimal.

private String binToHex(String plainText)
{
long num = Long.parseUnsignedLong(plainText, 2);
String hexa = Long.toHexString(num);
while (hexa.length() < (plainText.length() / 4))

// maintain output length same length

// as input by appending leading zeroes.
hexa = "0" + hexa;
return hexa;
}

// xor two hexadecimal strings of same length.

private String xor(String a, String b)
{
We use cookies to ensure you
a have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our
= hexToBin(a);
site, you acknowledge that byou= have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
hexToBin(b);
 String ans = "";
for (int i = 0; i < a.length(); i++)
ans += (char)(((a.charAt(i) - '0')
^ (b.charAt(i) - '0'))
+ '0');
ans = binToHex(ans);
return ans;
}

// addition modulo 2^32 of two hexadecimal strings.

private String addBin(String a, String b)
{
String ans = "";
long n1 = Long.parseUnsignedLong(a, 16);
long n2 = Long.parseUnsignedLong(b, 16);
n1 = (n1 + n2) % modVal;
ans = Long.toHexString(n1);
ans = "00000000" + ans;
return ans.substring(ans.length() - 8);
}

// function F explained above.

private String f(String plainText)
{
String a[] = new String[4];
String ans = "";
for (int i = 0; i < 8; i += 2) {
// the column number for S-box
// is 8-bit value(8*4 = 32 bit plain text)
long col
= Long.parseUnsignedLong(
hexToBin(
plainText.substring(i, i + 2)),
2);
a[i / 2] = S[i / 2][(int)col];
}
ans = addBin(a[0], a[1]);
ans = xor(ans, a[2]);
ans = addBin(ans, a[3]);
return ans;
}

// generate subkeys.
private void keyGenerate(String key)
{
int j = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < P.length; i++) {
P[i] = xor(P[i], key.substring(j, j + 8));
System.out.println("subkey "
+ (i + 1) + ": "
+ P[i]);
j = (j + 8) % key.length();
We use cookies to ensure you
} have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our
site, you acknowledge}that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 // round function
private String round(int time, String plainText)
{
String left, right;
left = plainText.substring(0, 8);
right = plainText.substring(8, 16);
left = xor(left, P[time]);
String fOut = f(left); // output from F function
right = xor(fOut, right);

System.out.println("round " + time + ": "

+ right + left);

// swap left and right

return right + left;
}

// decryption
private String decrypt(String plainText)
{
for (int i = 17; i > 1; i--)
plainText = round(i, plainText);

// postprocessing
String right = plainText.substring(0, 8);
String left = plainText.substring(8, 16);
right = xor(right, P[1]);
left = xor(left, P[0]);
return left + right;
}

Main()
{
// storing 2^32 in modVal
//(<<1 is equivalent to multiply by 2)
for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
modVal = modVal << 1;
String cipherText = "d748ec383d3405f7";
String key = "aabb09182736ccdd";

keyGenerate(key);

System.out.println("-----Decryption-----");
String plainText = decrypt(cipherText);
System.out.println("Plain Text: "
+ plainText);
}

public static void main(String args[])

{
new Main();
We use cookies to ensure
} you have the best browsing experience on our website. By using our
site, you acknowledge
} that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 // This code is contributed by AbhayBhat

Output

subkey 1: 8e846390
subkey 2: a295c40e
subkey 3: b9a28336
subkey 4: 2446bf99
subkey 5: 0eb2313a
subkey 6: 0ea9fd0d
subkey 7: a295f380
subkey 8: cb78a054
subkey 9: ef9328fe
subkey 10: 1fe6dfaa
subkey 11: 14ef6fd7
subkey 12: 13dfc0b1
subkey 13: 6a1720af
subkey 14: ee4a9c00
subkey 15: 953fdcad
subkey 16: 9271c5ca
subkey 17: 38addcc1
subkey 18: ae4f37c6
-----Decryption-----
round 17: 3ab5e5667907dbfe
round 16: fdd297bb021839a7
round 15: 82529d676fa35271
round 14: ec939d1a176d41ca
round 13: e14063bd02d9011a
round 12: 66cd65508b574312
round 11: 37e82a387512a5e1
round 10: 8fe62e7e230745ef
round 9: 1f04e6309000f1d4
round 8: 3624ea12f097cece
round 7: c546e12ffd5c4a46
round 6: ed76301e67d312af
round 5: bbd76433e3dfcd13
round 4: f160c1f4b5655509
round 3: 2512b60dd5267e6d
round 2: 6f86e1389cb0353b
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Plain Text: 123456abcd132536
site, you acknowledge that you have read and understood our Cookie Policy & Privacy Policy
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Blowfish Algorithm:
Blowfish is a fast block cipher except when changing keys. Each new key
requires a pre-processing equivalent to 4KB of text.
It is faster and much better than DES Encryption.
Blowfish uses a 64-bit block size which makes it vulnerable to birthday
attacks.
A reduced round variant of blowfish is known to be susceptible to known
plain text attacks(2nd order differential attacks – 4 rounds).

Applications of Blowfish Algorithm:

Bulk Encryption.
Packet Encryption(ATM Packets)
Password Hashing

Master Data Structures and Algorithms at your own pace with our DSA
Self-Paced course. In just 90 days, you’ll cover core concepts, solve real-
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