UNIT 3: THE INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the chapter, the students should be able to:

1. trace the history of the internet;

2. identify the ways to access and connect to the internet;
3. analyze how data travels through the internet;
4. perform search function on the web; and
5. create a personal web page

OVERVIEW

https://gshiftlabs.com/wp-content/

The internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) have become fundamental components
of modern society, reshaping communication, information access, and commerce on a
global scale. The internet, a vast network, facilitated a myriad of activities such as
communication, information retrieval, e-commerce, entertainment, education, and business
operations. Data traverses the internet through packets of information that are routed through
a complex network of routers to reach their intended destination. Computers play a pivotal
role on the internet by accessing, processing, and transmitting data, running software
applications, and storing information on servers. The World Wide Web, a system of
interconnected documents and resources accessible via the internet, uses hyperlinks to
navigate web pages seamlessly. Understanding the nuances of these technologies is crucial
for navigating the digital landscape effectively and harnessing the potential of the internet
and the World Wide Web.

KEY TERMS

1. ANSI – American National Standard Institute

2. CPU – Central Processing Unit
3. GUI – Graphical User Interface
4. HTML – Hypertext markup language
5. HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
6. IOS – International Organization for Standardization
7. OOP – Object Oriented Programming
8. Perl – Practical extraction and reporting language
9. SQL – Structured query language
10. WMA – Windows media audio
11. XML – Extensible markup language
12. Android OS is a Google’s open and free software stack that includes an operating
system, middleware, and key applications for use on mobile devices such as
smartphones.
13. Assembly language is used primarily for direct hardware manipulation and direct
access to specialized processor instructions. It is also to address critical performance
issues.
14. Blog website is an informal website consisting of time-stamped article, or posts, in a diary
or journal format, commonly listed in reverse chronological order.
15. C programming language is a general purpose, imperative programming language
developed in the early ‘70s; C is the oldest and most widely used language, providing
the building blocks for other popular languages.
16. C sharp (C#) is a programming language based on C++ and Java that helps developers
create XML web services and Microsoft’s NET-connected applications for Windows
operating systems and the internet.
17. Cable modem provides high-speed internet connections through the cable television
network. This service costs about twice as much as dial-up access.
18. Chat room is a location on an internet server that permits users to chat with each other.
19. Chat is a real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile
device.
20. Computer programming language is a language used to write computer programs; it
involves a computer that performs some kind of computation or algorithm, and possibly
controls external devices such as printer, disk drives, etc.
21. C++ programming language is an intermediate-level language with object-oriented
programming features, originally designed to enhance the C language.
22. Database is a collection of data used for automated systems.
23. Dial-up access takes place when the modem in the computer uses a standard
telephone line to connect to the internet. It is an easy yet an expensive way for users to
connect to the internet.
24. Domain name is the text version of an IP address.
25. Domain name system (DNS) is the method that the internet uses to store domain names
and their corresponding IP addresses.
26. High-level language is a programming language such as C, Fortran, or Pascal that
enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a
particular type of computer.
27. Hypertext preprocessor (PHP) is a server-side interpreted scripting language. It was
designed for creating dynamic web pages and other web pages that effectively work
with databases.
28. Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.
29. Internet2 is a not-for-profit networking consortium in the U.S. which aims to improve the
internet, such as relieving bottlenecks in the current architecture.
30. Interpreter is a computer program that directly executes, i.e., performs instructions
written in a programming or scripting language, without previously compiling them into
a machine language program.
31. Java programming language is a programming language that was first introduced to
the public in 1995 and is widely used to create internet applications and other software
programs.
32. Low-level language is a programming language that provides little or no abstraction
from a computer’s instruction set architecture.
33. Netiquette refers to the etiquette guidelines that govern behavior when communicating
on the internet.
34. Operating System (OS) manages the computer’s memory and processes, as well as all
of its software applications and hardware; it also allows one to communicate with the
computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s language.
35. Program refers to a set of instruction and operations for a computer to perform or do
certain tasks.
36. Programmer is a person who writes computer programs
37. Programming language is a formal computer language that is designed to create
instructions for the computer.
38. System Software comprise devices drivers, OS, servers, and software components.
Programming software helps in writing programs through tools such as editors, linkers,
debuggers, and compilers/interpreters, among others.
39. Web browser is the tool used to access the internet.
40. Web community is a website that gathers a specific group of people with similar interest
or relationships.
41. Web hosting provides the technologies and services needed for the website or web
page to view via the internet.
42. Web page is a document that contain test, graphics, audio (sound), and/or video
accessible through the internet.
43. Web publishing is the process of publishing original content on the internet. The process
includes building and uploading websites, updating the associated web pages, and
posting content to these web pages online.
44. Web server is a system that delivers requested web pages to the computer.
45. Website is a collection of related web pages and associated items, such as documents
and pictures, stored in a web server.
46. Wifi is a network that uses radio signal to provide internet connections to wireless
computers and devices.
47. Wiki website is a collaborative website that allows users to create, add to, modify, or
delete the website content via their web browser.
48. Wireless internet service provider (WISP) is a company that provides wireless internet
access to users with wireless modems or web-enabled mobile devices, such as
smartphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs).
49. Wizard is an automated assistant that helps complete a task by asking questions and
then performs actions based on the answers.
50. Word processor allows the user to write a letter, design a flyer, and create other types
of documents.
51. World Wide Web (WWW) consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents.
 LESSON 3.1: THE INTERNET

Introduction

The internet, a technological marvel that has revolutionized communication and

information access, has undergone a remarkable transformation since its inception. From its
humble beginnings as a research project connecting a few universities, the internet has
evolved into a global network connecting billions of users worldwide. The internet’s evolution
can be broadly categorized into three distinct phases: its early days, the mergence of
Internet2 environment, and its current state of continuous growth and innovation. The internets
journey from a nascent technology to a ubiquitous force in modern society highlights its
transformative power and its potential for further empowerment in the future.

Activity

Internet Time Machine: Then, Now and Beyond

Create a comparative analysis of the evolution of computer.

The Internet then … The Internet now… The Internet beyond…

Research the early days of Describe the internet as it Based on your research and
the internet (1960s – 1990s). exists today. Highlights key understanding of the
Focus on its origin’s key features, technologies, and internet’s evolution
technologies, and its primary how it impacts our lives. speculate on its potential
uses. Include images, Include examples of popular future development. Discuss
diagrams, or quotes from websites, apps, and online emerging technologies,
historical sources to illustrate services. potential applications, and
this era. the societal impact of these
advancements.
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Analysis

1. What were the primary motivations behind the development of the internet? How have
these motivations changed over time?

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2. How has the internet’s accessibility and reach evolved? What factors have contributed
to this change?

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3. What are some of the key technological advancements that have shaped the
internet’s evolution?

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4. How has the internet’s impact on society changed from its early days to the present?

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5. What are some of the potential benefits and challenges associated with the future
development of the internet?

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6. How do you think the internet will continue to evolve I n the next decade?

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7. What are some ethical considerations related to the internet’s future development?

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Abstraction

The internet has undergone remarkable evolution from its humble beginnings to its
current state as a ubiquitous and essential part of modern life, with further advancement on
the horizon.

The Internet: Then and Now

In its early days, the internet was a

research project connecting a few academic
institutions, primarily used for sharing information
and communication. The development of
protocols such as TCP/IP and the creation of the
World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in the early
1900s revolutionized the internet, making it
accessible to the general public. Today, the internet has transformed into a vast global
network connecting billions of users worldwide. It serves as a platform for communication,
information access, entertainment, e-commerce, education, and much more. Social media
platforms like Facebook, search engines like Google, and e-commerce sites like Amazon are
just a few examples of the internet’s impact on daily life.

The Internet2 Environment: Future Empowerment

Internet2 represents the next phase of internet development, focusing on advance

networking capabilities to support researchers, educators, and students with cutting-edge
technologies and high-speed network infrastructure. Through initiative like the Next
Generation Internet (NGI) and collaborations with industry partners, Internet2 envisions a future
where technologies like artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and big data analytics drive new
discoveries and advancement in various fields. This environment promises to revolutionized
how we interact with technology, conduct research, and collaborate across disciplines.

Internet Today: Still Growing

The internet continues to expand and evolve, with new

technologies and trends shaping its trajectory. The proliferation
of mobile devices, the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing,
and 5G connectivity are driving the internet’s growth and
capabilities. Online streamlining services, digital payment
systems, remote work tools, and telemedicine are examples of
how the internet is adapting to meet the changing needs of
society. As the internet grows, issues of digital privacy,
cybersecurity, and access to information remain critical
concerns that must be addressed to ensure a safe and inclusive
online environment for all.
Application

Select an industry or area of society (education, healthcare, business and commerce,

media and entertainment, politics and social movements, travel and tourism, etch) that has
been significantly impacted by the internet. Gather information about your chosen topic and
fill out the template below.

Before the Internet … The Internet’s Impact… The Internet Today…

How did this industry or How has the internet What is the current state of
aspect of society function transformed this industry or this industry or area of
before the internet? What area of society? What are society in relation to the
were the internet? What the key changes, internet? What are the
were the limitations or innovations, and trends, opportunities, and
challenges? challenges? challenges?

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 LESSON 3.2: JOBS THE INTERNET CAN DO

Introduction

The internet, a vast and interconnected network of computers, has become an

indispensable tool in modern life, transforming the way we communicate, access information,
and conduct business. It has revolutionized countless aspects of our lives, from entertainment
and education to healthcare and commerce. The internet provides a platform for global
communication, enabling instant connections between individual across geographical
boundaries. It serves as repository of knowledge, offering access to a wealth of information on
virtually any topic imaginable. Furthermore, the internet has fostered innovation and
entrepreneurship, empowering individuals and business to reach wider audiences and create
new products and services. The internet’s impact on society is profound and continuous to
evolve at an unprecedented pace, shaping the future of human interaction and
technological advancement.

Activity

Internet Scavenger Hunt

Explore the vast capabilities of the internet by completing a series of task using different
online tools and resources. Provide a photo for each task.

1. Find a Recipe: Search for a recipe online for a dish you’ve never tried before. Include
the name of the dish, the website where you found the recipe, and list three ingredient
used in the recipe.

Name of the Recipe:

The Website

Three Ingredient used in the Recipe 1.

2.
3.
Photos:
2. Learn a New Skill: Find a free online tutorial for a skill you’d like to learn (e.g., drawing,
coding, playing a musical instrument). Note the name of the skill, the platform hosting
the tutorial, and the estimated time needed to complete the tutorial.

Name of the Skill:

Platform Hosting the Tutorial:

Estimated Time needed to complete

the tutorial:
Photos:

3. Connect with Someone New: Join an online community or forum related to a hobby or
interest you have. Describe the community or forum you joined and mention one
interesting discussion or post you encountered.

Description of the Community or Forum Interesting Discussion or Post and why?

Photos:
4. Explore a Virtual Museum: Visit a virtual museum online. Note the name of the museum,
the country it is located in, and describe one artifact or exhibit you found particularly
interesting.

Name of the Museum Country it is located

Description of one artifact or exhibit, and why?

Photos:

5. Shop Online: Find a product you’d like to buy online and compare prices from at least
three different retailers. Note the name of the product, the lowest price you found, and
the name of the retailer offering the best deal.

Name of the Product:

Retailer 1 Price Retailer 2 Price Retailer 3 Price

Photo: Photo: Photo:
Analysis

1. How did this scavenger hunt change your understanding of the internet’s capabilities?

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2. Did you encounter any challenges accessing information or completing tasks due to
limitations in internet access or technology?

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3. How confident are you in the accuracy and reliability of the information you found
online?

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4. How do you think the internet’s ability to connect people, provide information, and
facilitate learning impacts society?

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5. What are some potential future applications of the internet that you can imagine?

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Abstraction

The internet serves as a powerful platform that facilitates a wide range of activities and
services, transforming the way we communicate, access information, conduct business, and
interact with the world.

1. Communication

The internet communication through email,

messaging apps, social media platforms, and
video conferencing tools. Platform like
WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Zoom
have revolutionized how we connect with
others globally.

2. Information Access

The internet provides access to a vast amount of information

through search engines like Google, online libraries,
educational websites, and databases. Platforms like
Wikipedia, Khan Academy, and Google Scholar offer valuable
resources for learning and research.
3. E-commerce

Online shopping has become increasingly popular, allowing

consumers to browse, compare, and purchase products
and services from anywhere in the world. E-commerce
platforms like Amazon, eBay, and Shopify have
revolutionized the way we shop.

4. Entertainment

The internet offers a plethora of entertainment options, including

streaming services like Netflix, YouTube, and Spotify. Online gaming
platforms, social media, and digital content creation have also
become integral parts of the entertainment industry.

5. Education

Online learning platforms and educational resources

provide opportunities for distance learning, skill
development, and access to courses from top universities
worldwide. Platforms like Coursera, Udemy, and edX offer a
wide range of courses for learners of all levels.

6. Work and Collaboration

The internet facilitates remote work, collaboration, and project

management through tools like Google Workspace, Microsoft
Teams, and Slack. Virtual meetings, cloud storage, and
collaborative documents enhance productivity and
communication in professional settings.

7. Research and Innovation

Research and innovators leverage the internet to access

scientific papers, collaborate with peers, and share findings.
Platforms like ResearchGate, arXiv, and GitHub support
knowledge sharing and collaboration in various fields.

8. Social Connection

Social media platform such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter enable individuals to
connect, share experiences, and engage with a global audience. Online communities
and forums provide spaces for networking and discussion on diverse topics.
Application:

Read each situation carefully and determine if the internet can be used to accomplish
it. Choose “Yes” if the internet can be used, and “No” if it cannot.

1. Order a pizza for delivery. Yes No

2. Attend a live concert in another city Yes No
3. Learn how to play the guitar. Yes No
4. Get a physical checkup from a doctor. Yes No
5. Book a flight to Europe. Yes No
6. Vote in a national election. Yes No
7. Get a college degree. Yes No
8. Go on a date with someone you met online. Yes No
9. Experience a real-life roller coaster ride. Yes No
10. Pay your utility bills. Yes No
11. Drive a car. Yes No
12. Start a business. Yes No
13. Get a job interview. Yes No
14. Feel the warmth of the sun on your skin. Yes No
15. Read a book. Yes No
16. Experience a live sporting event. Yes No
17. Go to a museum exhibition. Yes No
18. Learn a new language. Yes No
19. Get a haircut. Yes No
20. Help someone in need. Yes No
 LESSON 3.3: HOW DATA TRAVELS THE INTERNET

Introduction

The internet, a vast network connecting billions of devices worldwide, relies on a

complex system for transmitting data between them. Understanding how data travels across
the internet is crucial for comprehending the underlying mechanisms that power our digital
world. This module delves in to the intricate journey of data packets as they traverse the global
network, exploring the protocols, technologies, and infrastructure that enable seamless
communication and information exchange. We will examine the key concepts of packet
switching, routing and addressing, as well as the role of various network components like
routers, switches, and cables in facilitating data transmission. By understanding these
fundamental principles, we gain a deeper appreciation for the technological marvel that
enables us to connect, communication and access information on a global scale.

Activity

Circuit vs Packet: A Network Showdown

Compare and contrast circuit switching and packet switching, highlighting their key
differences and advantages.

1. Research: Gather information about circuit switching and packet switching, focusing
on their:

Circuit Switching Packet Switching

Principles:

o How does each method work?

o How is data transmitted?

Advantages:

o What are the benefits of each

method?

Disadvantages:

o What are the drawbacks of

each method?
Applications:

o Where is each method typically

used?

2. Create a Comparison Table: Develop a table that compares and contrasts circuit
switching and packet switching across the following categories:

Circuit Switching Packet Switching

Data Transmission:

o How is data sent?

o How is the path like?

Connection Establishment:

o How is a connection
established?

o How long does it take?

Resource Allocation:

o How are network resources

allocated?

o Are they dedicated or shared?

Efficiency:

o How efficient is each method?

o How does it handle varying

data load?

Cost:

o What are the relative costs of

each method?

Application:

o What are some common uses

for each method?
 3. Visual Representation: Create a visual representation (e.g., diagram, flowcharts) to
illustrate the differences between circuit switching and packet switching.

Circuit Switching

Packet Switching

Analysis

1. What are the key differences between circuit switching and packet switching in terms
of how data is transmitted?

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2. Which method is more efficient for handling varying data loads? Why?

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3. Which method is more suitable for real-time applications like voice calls or video
conferencing? Why?

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 4. Which methods is more cost-effective for large scale data transmission over long
distances? Why?

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5. What are some examples of technologies or services that utilize circuit switching and
packet switching?

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6. How has the development of packet switching contributed to the growth and
popularity of the internet?

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7. What are the potential future trends in network switching technologies?

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Abstraction

Data travels across the internet through a complex system of interconnected networks,
routers, switches, and cables, following a series of steps to reach its destination. The process
involves various protocols, technologies, and infrastructure components networking together
to ensure efficient and reliable data transmission.

1. Data Generation

The journey begins when a user generates data such as sending an email, browsing a
website, or streaming a video.

2. Data Encapsulation

The data is broken down into smaller packets, each containing a portion of the original
message along with header information specifying the source and destination
addresses.
3. Routing

The packets are then routed through the network using routers, which examine the
destination address in each packet and determine the best path for transmission.

4. Transmission

The packets travel across different network segments, including local area networks
(LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the internet backbone, using a combination
of wired and wireless connections.

5. Switching

At each node in network, switches direct the packets to their next destination based on
the information in the packet headers, ensuring efficient data flow.

6. Packet Forwarding

The packets may take different routes to reach the destination, passing through multiple
intermediary devices and network links.

7. Packet Reassembly

Once all packet arrives at the destination, they are reassembled in the correct order to
reconstruct the original data message.

8. Delivery

The reassembled data is delivered to the recipient’s device, where it can be processed,
displayed, or stored for future use.

Comparison Between Circuit Switching and Packet Switching

Switching Method Pros Cons Key Features

Circuit Switching It offers a dedicated Dedicated channels It offers the

transmission can cause delay capability of storing
channels that is because a channel messages
reserved until it is in unavailable until temporarily to
disconnected. one side reduce network
disconnects. It uses a congestion.
dedicated physical
link between the
sending and
receiving devices.

Packet Switching Packets can be Packets can get lost The two types of
routed around while taking packet switching are
network congestion. alternative routes to datagram and
Packet switching the destination. virtual circuit.
makes efficient use Messages are Datagram packets
of network divided into packets are independently
bandwidth. that contain sources sent and can take
and destination different paths
information. through out the
network. Virtual
circuit uses a logical
connection between
the source and the
destination device.
 An example of how data travels the internet is when a user accesses a website. When
a user enters a website address in their browser, the request is broken down into packets that
travel through various networks, routers, and switches to reach the web server hosting the site.
The server responds by sending packets back to the user’s device, where they are
reassembled to display the requested webpage.

Application

Read each situation carefully and determine whether circuit switching or packet
switching would be used. Choose “CS” for circuit switching if the situation involves a dedicated
connection, and “PS” for packet switching if the situation involves breaking data into packets.

1. Making a phone call on a traditional landline. CS PS

2. Sending an email to a friend. CS PS
3. Streaming a video on Netflix. CS PS
4. Downloading a large file from the internet. CS PS
5. Having a video conference with colleagues. CS PS
6. Playing an online multiplayer. CS PS
7. Accessing a website on your computer. CS PS
8. Using a walkie-talkie to communicate. CS PS
9. Sending a text message on your phone. CS PS
10. Using a fax machine to send a document. CS PS
11. Connecting to a VPN for secure browsing. CS PS
12. Using a satellite phone to make a call. CS PS
13. Sharing a file with someone using a cloud storage service. CS PS
14. Using a Bluetooth headset to listen to music. CS PS
15. Connecting to a public Wi-Fi network. CS PS
16. Using a landline phone to make a long-distance call. CS PS
17. Using a digital camera to take picture and upload them to the internet. CS PS
18. Using a GPS navigation system in your car. CS PS
19. Using a smart speaker to play music. CS PS
20. Using a credit card to make an online purchase. CS PS
 LESSON 3.4: WHAT COMPUTERS DO ON THE INTERNET

Introduction

The internet has become an integral part of people and devices worldwide. But what
exactly do computers do on the internet? This module delves into the fascinating world of
computer interactions within the digital realm. We will explore the fundamental processes that
enable computers to communicate, access information, share resources, and perform various
task online. From understanding the role of network protocols and addressing systems to
examining the functions of web servers, databases, and cloud computing, this module
provides a comprehensive overview of how computers interact and collaborate within the
vast network of the internet. By understanding this underlying mechanism, we gain a deeper
appreciation for the technological marvels that power our digital world.

Activity

My Computer’s Internet Day: A Day in the Life

Select a specific type of computer (laptop, smartphone, server) that you want to focus
on. Imagine a typical day for your chosen computer, starting from the moment it is turned on
and connected to the internet. Describe the various activities that your computer performs
throughout the day. For each activity, explain the underlying processes and technologies that
enable your computer to perform these tasks. Create a visual timeline or flowchart to illustrate
the various activities and processes that your computer performs throughout the day.

Internet Protocols Network Data Applications

Activities Components Transmission
Communication:
Sending and
receiving emails,
messages, or
video calls.
Information
Access:
Browsing
websites,
searching for
information,
downloading
files.
Data Sharing:
Uploading and
downloading
files, using cloud
storage services,
sharing content
on social media.
Online Services:
Using streaming
services, playing
online games,
making online
purchases.
Networking:
Connecting to
other devices,
participating in
online
communities
collaborating on
projects.
Analysis

1. What are the key functions that you chosen computer performs on the internet?

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2. How do different network protocols and technologies enable these functions?

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3. What are the roles of routers, switches, and servers in facilitating internet
communication?

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____________________________________________________________________________________

4. How does your computer interact with other devices and users on the internet?

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____________________________________________________________________________________

5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the internet for communication,
information access, and data sharing?

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6. How has the internet transformed the way we work, learn, and interact with the world

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7. What are some potential future trends in computer interactions on the internet?

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Abstraction

Computers perform a wide range of tasks on the internet, enabling communication,

information access, data sharing, online services, networking, and much more.

1. Communication

Computers facilitate communication through email, instant messaging, video

conferencing, and social media platform. For example, sending an email to a
colleague, participating in a video conference call with clients, or chatting with friends
on social media.
 2. Information Access

Computers provide access to a vast amount of information on the internet, including

websites, online databases, digital libraries, and educational resources. Examples
include browsing news websites, researching topics on Wikipedia, or accessing online
courses on platform like Coursera.

3. Data Sharing

Computers enable users to share files, documents images, and other data with others
over the internet. Examples include uploading files to cloud storage services like Google
Drive, sharing photos on social media platform, or collaborating on documents using
online tools like Google Docs.

4. Online Services

Computers support a variety of online services, such as streaming music and videos,
online gaming, e-commerce, and cloud computing. Example include streaming movies
on Netflix, shopping on Amazon, playing multiplayer games online, or using cloud-based
software like Google Workspace.

5. Networking

Computers connect to other devices and networks, allowing users to communicate,

share resources, and collaborate online. Examples include connecting to a Wi-Fi
network, accessing shared files on a network drive, or communities.

6. Cybersecurity

Computers play a crucial role in cybersecurity by implementing measures to protect

data, networks, and systems from cyber threats. Examples include using firewalls,
antivirus software, encryption, and multi-factor authentication to secure online
activities.

Application

For each scenario, determine which category of internet interaction best describe the
activity. Write the letter on each category.

a. A student uses a search engine to find information about a historical event.

b. A musician uploads a new song to their music streaming services.
c. A business uses a video conferencing tool to hold a meeting with clients.
d. A gamer joins an online multiplayer game with friends.
e. A user installs a firewall on their computer to protect against malware.
f. A customer makes an online purchased from an e-commerce website.
g. A group of friends shares photos from a recent trip using a social media app.
h. A programmer connects to a remote server to access and edit code.
i. A student downloads a research paper from an online library.
j. A user sends an email to a colleague with an attached document.

Communication Information Data Online Networking Cybersecurity

Access Sharing Services
 LESSON 3.5: THE WORLD WIDE WEB

Introduction

The World Wide Web, a vast and interconnected network of information and resources,
has revolutionized the way we access, share, and consume information. This module delves
into the fascinating world of the web, exploring its underlying technologies, evolution, and
impact on society. We will examine the fundamental principles of web technologies including
HTML, CSS and JavaScript, and explore the architecture and protocols that enable seamless
communication and data transfer across the web. We will also delve into the current state of
the web, exploring its diverse applications, evolving trends, and the challenges it faces. Finally,
we will examine the art and science of searching for information on the web, exploring
effective strategies, search engines, and the importance of evaluating online sources. By
understanding these key aspects of the web, we gain a deeper appreciation for its
transformative power and its impact on our lives.

Activity

Web Design Challenge: Building a Simple Website

Objective: To understand the fundamental technologies of the World Wide Web by creating
a simple website using HTML, CSS, and basic JavaScript.

1. Choose a Theme: Select a topic or theme for your website

• A person portfolio showcasing your skills and interests.

• A blog about a hobby or passion.
• A simple information page about a specific topic.
• A fun game or interactive quiz.

2. Structure with HTML: Use HTML to create the basic structure of your website, including:

• Headings (h1, h2, etc.) for titles and subheadings.

• Paragraphs (p) for text content.
• Lists (ul, ol) for organizing information.
• Images (img) to add visual elements.
• Links (a) to connect to other web pages.

3. Style with CSS: Apply CSS styles to enhance the visual appearance of your website:

• Font Style (font-family, font size, font weight)

• Colors (color, background-color)
• Layout (margin, padding, width, height)
• Positioning (float, position)

4. Add Interactivity with JavaScript: Include basic JavaScript code to add dynamic
elements:

• Changing text to images on click.

• Creating simple animations.
• Validating user input.
• Adding interactive elements like buttons, forms, or menus.

5. Publish Tour Website: Use a free web hosting service (e.g., GitHub Pages, Netlify,
Google Site) to publish your website online.
Analysis

1. Hod did you use HTML to structure the content of your website?

____________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________

2. What CSS styles did you apply to improve the visual appearance of your website?

____________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________

3. How did you use JavaScript to add interactivity to your website?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the advantages of using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for web development?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5. What are some limitations or challenges you encountered while building your website?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

6. How can you further improve your website design and functionality?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

7. What are some other web technologies you could explore to enhance your website?

____________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________

Abstraction

The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the web, encompasses a vast
network of interconnected documents and resources accessible via the internet. It relies on a
range of web technologies to enable information sharing, communication, and collaboration.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) serves as the backbone for structuring web content, while
CSS (Cascading Styles Sheets) enhances the visual presentation of websites. JavaScript adds
interactivity and dynamic functionality to web pages, allowing for engaging user experiences.
Today, the web has evolved into a dynamic platform with diverse application, including social
media, e-commerce, online education, and cloud computing. Users can access a wealth of
information through search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo, allowing for quick and
efficient retrieval of data on any topic of interest. The web continues to shape our daily lives,
influencing how we communicate, work, learn, and stay informed.
 1. Web Technologies

Web technologies are the building blocks that power the World Wide Web, enabling
the creation, delivery, and interaction with web content. HTML (HyperText Markup
Language) serves as the foundation for structuring web pages by defining the content
and layout. CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) enhances the presentation of web pages
through styling elements such as fonts, colors, and layouts. JavaScript, a versatile
scripting language, adds interactivity to websites, enabling dynamic features like
animations, form validation, and real-time updates. Other technologies like HTTP
(HyperText Transfer Protocol), SSL/TLS for secure communication, and responsive design
techniques play crucial roles in optimizing user experience across devices.

2. The World Wide Web Today

Today, the World Wide Web has evolved into a multifaceted platform that influences
nearly every aspect of modern life. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and
Instagram have transformed how people connect and share information globally. E-
commerce giants such as Amazon and Alibaba have revolutionized the way we shop
and conduct business online. Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify have changed
how we consume entertainment. Cloud computing services like Google Drive and
Dropbox have made data storage and collaboration more efficient. The web continues
to evolve with the emergence of technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain, shaping the
future of digital experiences.

3. Searching for Information on the Web

Searching for information on the web has become an integral part of daily life, with
search engines playing a central role in facilitating information retrieval. Search engines
like Google, Bing and Yahoo use complex algorithm to index and rank web pages
based on relevance to user queries. Users can enter keywords into search engines to
find a wealth of information ranging from articles, research papers, images, videos, and
more. Advanced search operators filter, and tools help user refine their searches and
find specific information quickly. Effective search strategies involve using relevant
keywords, evaluating source credibility, and cross-referencing information from multiple
sources to ensure accuracy and reliability.

Application

Web Design Challenge

Objective: To apply basic web design principles and technologies to create a functional
and visually appealing website.

Target Audience: Hugh School students (Grades 9 – 12)

Materials:

• Access to the internet

• Computers or tablets
• Text editor (e.g., Notepad++, Sublime Text)
• Web Browser (e.g., Chrome, Firefox)
• Optional: Web development tools (e.g., Brackets, Visual Studio Code)

Activity Duration: 1 – 2 weeks (depending on complexity)

Procedure:

1. Brainstorming and Planning (Day 1 – 2)

• Students brainstorm website ideas based on their interests and passions.

• Thy choose a specific topic or theme for their website.
• They create a sitemap outlining the website’s structure and navigation.
• They develop a design concept, including color scheme, fonts, and layout.
2. HTML Structure (Day 3 – 4)

• Students learn the basics of HTML (HyperText Markup Language) to create the
structure of their website.
• They use HTML tags to define headings, paragraphs, images, links, and other
content elements.
• They create a basic HTML file for their website.

3. CSS Styling (Day 5 – 6)

• Students learn the basic of CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) to style the appearance
of their website.
• They use CSS properties to control colors, fonts, sizes, spacing, and layout.
• They create a separate CSS file to style their HTML content.

4. Content Creation (Day 7 – 8)

• Students create the content for their website, including text, images, and videos.
• They write engaging and informative content relevant to their chosen topic.
• They ensure their content is well-organized and easy to read.

5. Website Testing and Refinement (Day 9 – 10)

• Students test their website in different web browser to ensure compatibility.

• They identify and fix any errors or issues.
• They refine their design and content based on feedback and testing.

6. Website Presentation and Evaluation (Day 11 – 12)

• Students present their websites to the class, showcasing their design choices and
functionality.
• They received feedback from peers and instructors on their website’s design,
content, and technical aspects.

RUBRIC FOR WEB DESIGN CHALLENGE

• Design and Aesthetic (30%)

o Visual appeal and cohesiveness of the design.
o Effective use of color schemes, fonts, and imagery.
o Clear and consistent layout and navigation.

• Content and Functionality (40%)

o Relevance and quality of content.
o Organization and clarity of information.
o Functionality of interactive elements (e.g., links, forms).

• Technical Implementation (20%)

o Correct use of HTML and CSS syntax.
o Validation of HTML and CSS code.
o Compatibility across different web browsers.

• Creativity and Innovation (10%)

o Original and unique design elements.
o Creative use of web technologies.
o Innovative approach to the chosen topic.
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