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14 Multiplication
and division (2)

E
14.1 Multiplying and dividing
fractions
Worked example 1

Calculate

4
5
×4=
16
5
4
5
×4
Use a diagram in your answer.
PL denominator  numerator  operator
proper fraction   unit fraction

Multiply the numerator by the whole number.

M
1 Change the improper fraction to a mixed number.
=3
5

4
5 You can use other types of diagram, including
a number line.
4
SA

5 4 4
= 16 This shows × 4 as repeated addition of
5 5 5
4
5
+ 45 + 45 + 45 + 45
4
5 12 16
0 4 8
5 5 5 5

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14.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions

Exercise 14.1
Focus
1 Write an addition sentence and a multiplication sentence for the
shaded parts in this diagram.

E
2 Calculate.
a

2
3
÷3
PL b

3
5
÷4
M
3 Find the missing numbers.
1 3
a of 20 = b × 20 =
5 4

4 Write a division sentence for this diagram.

SA

Practice
5 Calculate.
7 3
a ÷3 b ÷4
9 7

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

3
6 My family eats of a box of cereal each week.
4
How much cereal do they eat in 4 weeks?

7 a Complete the multiplication table.

1 3 5 7
× 8 8 8 8

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3

8
b
5

Leila cuts a
4
PL
Which two calculations give the same answer?

3
metre length of ribbon into 5 equal pieces.
What is the length of each piece of ribbon?
M
Give your answer as a fraction of a metre.

Challenge
SA

3 12
9 Omar says, ‘ multiplied by 4 equals .’
8 32

Is Omar correct?
Draw a diagram to explain your answer.

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14.1 Multiplying and dividing fractions

10 Write the letter of each expression in the correct cell in the table below.
2 1 3
A ÷8 B ÷2 C ÷9
3 3 4
5 2 2
D ÷ 10 E ÷2 F ÷4
6 3 3

1 1 1
Answer Answer Answer
6 3 12

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11 Here are six numbers.
14

a
2
3
16

of
18

=
PL
21 24 40
Use each of these numbers once to make these statements correct.

b
3
4
of =
M
2
c of =
5

12 Use the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 to complete this calculation.

SA

÷ =
6

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

14.2 Multiplying decimals

Worked example 2
decimal  decimal place
Mia is thinking of a number. decimal point  product
She says, ‘If I divide my number by 5 the
answer is 73.45’

E
What number is Mia thinking of?

÷5 Multiplication and division are inverse operations,

73.45 so you need to calculate 73.45 × 5.

73.45 × 5 = ?

Estimate:
×5

70 × 5 = 350 and 80 × 5 = 400

The answer is between 350
PL Start with an estimate.
You can round 73.45 down to 70 and up to 80,
then multiply both numbers by 5. The correct
M
and 400. answer will be between these two values.

7 3 4 5

× 5
SA

3 6 7 2 5

1 2 2

Answer: 367.25 Check the answer is between the two

estimated values.

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14.2 Multiplying decimals

Exercise 14.2
Focus
1 Calculate.
a 24.1 × 6 b 18.2 × 4 c 40.9 × 5

2 One bracelet costs $4.65.

E
How much do five bracelets cost?

3 Heidi helps in a shop for 8 hours.

4
How much does she earn?

PL
She is paid $7.55 for each hour she works.

Draw a line from each calculation to the correct label for the answer.
12.45 × 9

15.4 × 6
answer less than 100
M
answer equal to 100
13.84 × 7
answer more than 100
12.5 × 8
SA

Practice
5 Write the three missing numbers in this multiplication grid.

× 6 4 7

0.56 3.36 3.92

0.27 1.08 1.89

0.69 4.14 2.76

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

6 Which calculation is the odd one out? Explain why.

41.5 × 5 32.7 × 4 16.25 × 8 13.35 × 6 14.2 × 9

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7 Calculate.
a 46.3 × 11 b 39.3 × 23 c 23.8 × 35

9
PL
Trudy buys 4.25 kg fish to make fish pies.
If the fish costs $13 per kilogram, how much does she pay?

Challenge
Pedro sells rugs for $24.75 each.
M
In one week he sells 26 rugs.
How much money does he make in that week?
SA

10 Salma is thinking of a number.

She says, ‘If I divide my number by 16 the answer is 15.54.’
What number is Salma thinking of?

11 Hassan has 18 crates each with a mass of 0.3 tonnes.

The maximum load on his lorry is 5 tonnes.
Can Hassan load the crates safely? Show your working to explain your answer.

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14.3 Dividing decimals

12 A school chef has 75 kg of flour.

She uses an average of 5.35 kg flour each week.
There are 13 weeks in the school term.
Is she likely to have enough flour for the term?
Show calculations to explain your answer.

E
14.3 Dividing decimals
Worked example 3
PL
Two different shops sell modelling clay.

Shop A sells 4 packets of clay for $10.28

dividend
divisor
quotient
M
Shop B sells 3 packets of clay for $7.80

Which shop has the better deal? Explain your answer.

SA

1 packet in shop A costs: To compare the prices, work

2.5 7 out how much 1 packet costs in
2 2
4 1 0.2 8 each shop.

1 packet in shop B costs: Divide the total cost by the

2.6 0 number of packets.
1
3 7.8 0

Answer: Remember you will also need to

The cost of 1 packet in shop A is cheaper, but you think about how many packets
must buy 4 packets at a time. you need.

If you only need 3 packets you would go to shop B.

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

Exercise 14.3
Focus
1 Calculate.
a 14.4 ÷ 3 b 22.4 ÷ 7 c 34.4 ÷ 8

2 Work out the answer to each question to help you find your way

E
through the maze.
start

PL
12.4 ÷ 4

4.1

30.6 ÷ 9
3.1

3.6
17.1 ÷ 3

5.7

44.8 ÷ 8
5.4

5.6
12.5 ÷ 5

5.5

36.4 ÷ 7
M
3.4 11.2 5.2

31.8 ÷ 6 5.2 17.4 ÷ 6 3.4 end

SA

3 Nine notebooks cost $14.58.

If each notebook costs the same, what is the price of one notebook?

4 A regular pentagon is marked out on the playground.

The perimeter of the pentagon is 24.95 metres.
What is the length of one side of the pentagon?

168
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14.3 Dividing decimals

Practice
5 Work out the answer to each calculation and write it in the correct part of the table.
76.32 ÷ 8 = 56.2 ÷ 5 =
24.15 ÷ 7 = 61.2 ÷ 3 =

Answer less Answer between Answer more

than 10 10 and 20 than 20

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6

7
PL
Pierre is thinking of a number.
He multiplies his number by 9 and his answer is 147.6.
What number is Pierre thinking of?

Find the odd one out

M
15.6 ÷ 6    16.8 ÷ 7    20.8 ÷ 8    23.4 ÷ 9
Explain your answer.
SA

8 Work out the answers to these calculations.

Five answers are on the grid. Which answer is missing?

6.12 6.04 6.15

6.23 6.07 6.17

a 91.05 ÷ 15 b 73.44 ÷ 12 c 87.22 ÷ 14

d 78.52 ÷ 13 e 111.24 ÷ 18 f 98.72 ÷ 16

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14 Multiplication and division (2)

Challenge
9 A chef needs lots of bags of rice.
Deal A: buy 4 bags for $5.08
Deal B: buy 5 bags for $6.25
Which deal should he choose?
Explain your answer by showing your calculations.

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10 Find the missing digit.

PL
11 Look at these four calculations.
One of them is wrong.
281.7 ÷ 3 = 93.9
7 2
3 •6

359.1 ÷ 9 = 39.9
•2
M
939.7 ÷ 9 = 93.3 117.9 ÷ 3 = 39.3
Identify the incorrect calculation without working out the answers.
Explain your answer.
SA

12 A dress maker cuts pieces of ribbon 15 centimetres

long from a roll of ribbon that is 5.625 metres long.
What is the greatest number of 15-centimetre
Tip
pieces she can cut from the roll of ribbon?
Change metres
to centimetres.

170
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