Daraga National High School

Daraga, Albay

SELF LEARNING MODULE IN

GENERAL MATHEMATICS
Grade 11
(Week 1)
Lesson 1: Functions
Learning Outcome(s) based on K-12 MELCs: At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to represent real-life
situations using functions; including piecewise functions. (Code: M11GM-Ia-1)

Lesson Outline:

1. Functions and Relations

2. Vertical Line Test
3. Representing real-life situations using functions, including piecewise functions.

Introduction:
Imagine tossing a ball straight up in the air and watching it rise to reach its
highest point before dropping back down into your hands. As time passes, the
height of the ball changes. There is a relationship between the amount of time
that has elapsed since the toss and the height of the ball. In mathematics, a
correspondence between variables that change together (such as time and
height) is called a relation. Some, but not all relations can also be described as
functions.

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=62ePut331LQ

Real life examples of Relations: (Think about this examples below)

1. DNHS students and their Learner’s Reference Number (LRN) Source: Siyavula.com
2. The amount of calories in each fast food hamburger.
3. Members of your family and their birthdays
Explanation: 1. Each DNHS students are unique and they have their own specific LRN.
2. There are different amount of calories (some are the same) in each different fast
food hamburger.
3. Each member of the family has their specific birthdays.
Can you give more examples? (give at least 3)
Answer: ______________________________________________

Definition of terms:

 A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x,y)
 A function is a relation where each element in the domain is related to only one
Source:
value in the range by some rules. / A function is a set of ordered pairs (x,y) such https://www.google.com/search?
that no two ordered pairs have the same x-value but different y. q=representation+of+functions&t
 Domain- set of input values or x-values (independent variable) bm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiz3JyO7IX
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-The domain of a relation is the set of all possible values that the variable x can cCegQIABAA&oq=representation
take. +of+functions&gs_lcp=CgNpbWc
QAzICCAAyAggAMgYIABAFEB4yB
 Range- set of output values or y-values (dependent variable)
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Discussion: Q25k5WJfQOWC80jloAHAAeACA
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Representation of Functions: AoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWewA
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1. Mapping Diagram Ls0QTHiIXIBg&bih=640&biw=795

2. Table of Values
3. Graph
4. Equation
5. Set of ordered pairs
Set of ordered pairs: Equation: y= 2x+1
Brief Summary of Correspondence: (Relations & Functions)

Correspondence Relation Function

One to one Relation Function
Many to one Relation Function
One to many Relation Not a function

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/yayang0130/relations-and-functions-66540774?from_action=save

Example 1: Which of the following relations are functions?

f ={ ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 2 , 3 ) , ( 3 ,5 ) , ( 4 ,7 ) }

g= { ( 1 ,3 ) , ( 1 , 4 )( 2 , 5 ) , ( 2 , 6 ) ,(3 , 7) }

h={ ( 1 ,3 ) , ( 2 , 6 ) , ( 3 ,9 ) ,… ( n , 3 n ) , … }
Solution: The relations f and h are functions because no two ordered pairs have the same x- value but different
y- values. G is not a function because (1,3) and (1,4) are ordered pairs with the same x-value but different y-
values.

Example 2: Which of the mapping diagrams represents functions? y

1. X y 2.
x
Facebook f h 11
Twitter Social
7 13
Media
Instagram 2 17

1 19
X 23
2. y
g

Philippines

South Korea

Japan

Source: www.google.com/flag

Solution: The relations f and g are functions because each y, in Y is unique for a specific value of x. The relation
h is not a function because there is at least one element in x for which there is more than one corresponding
y-value.

Example 3: Given graphs below.

 1. 3.

2. 4. 5.

Solution: 1,2 and 3 are graphs of functions while 4 and 5 are not because they do not pass the vertical line
test.

Vertical Line Test

A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical line intersects the graph at most once.

Example:

The orange line is the

vertical line test which

intersects the graph at

only 1 point.

Example 4: Identify the domain for each relation using set builder notation.

2 x+1
a. y = 2x + 1 e. y=
x−1
b. y=x 2−2 x +2 f. y=⌊ x ⌋ +1 where ⌊ x ⌋ is the greatest integer function
c. x 2+ y 2=1
d. y= √ x +1

Solution: The domains for the relations are as follows:

a. { x : x ∈ R } e. { x : x ∈ R , x ≠ 1 }
b. { x : x ∈ R } f. { x : x ∈ R }
c. { x : x ∈ R ,−1≤ x ≤ 1 }
 d. { x : x ∈ R , x ≥ 1} Note: Answers are in Set builder notation

Functions as representation of Real life situations (Review)

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/glynpanela/general-mathematics-module-1-review-on-functions

Note: You can try answering the “applications” above since it’s a review on your past lesson in your Junior
High school such as finding the speed and volume of solid figures.

Challenge YOURSELF!
Answer the following items wholeheartedly.

1. In the relation { ( 0 ,0 ) , ( 1 , 1 ) , ( 2 , 4 ) , ( 3 , 9 ) , … ( n , n2 ) , … } a function?

2. Which of the following statements represents a function?
a. Students to their current age
b. Countries to its capital
c. A store to its merchandise
3. Which of the following letters will pass the vertical line test? V W X Y Z
1
4. Give the domain of y= in set builder notation.
√ x 2−4
5. A person is earning P600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary S as a function of the
number n of days that the person works.
6. A van has travelled a distance of 97 kilometers from Daraga to Naga in 2 hrs. What is the speed of the
van?

Generalization:
1. What have your learned about the lesson?
2. What are the representation of functions?
3. How can we say that the given set of order pairs are functions? How about
graphs?
4. Site some examples of real-life situations involving functions.