SOUTHERN MINDANAO COMPUTER COLLEGE (SMCC), INC.

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Telephone Number: (082) 237-0770

Statistics and Probability

Module 5
Finding the Mean and the
Variance of the Sampling
Distribution of the Sample
Means
What I Need to Know
After successfully completing this self-learning module, you are expected to master essential knowledge and
skills about finding the mean and the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means. Specifically,
you are more likely able to:
1. find the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample mean (M11/12SP-IIId-5); and
2. define the sampling distribution of the sample mean for normal population when the variance is:
(a) known;
(b) unknown (M11/12SP-IIIe-1).
These most essential learning competencies will be condensed into a simplified user lesson that will be
discussed along the path of your academic journey with this self-learning module. Enjoy your steps towards
the attainment of our objectives. Are you ready? If you are, let’s go!
What I Know
After you get acquainted with the objectives, it's important to assess your knowledge and experience
about the lessons you are just about to discover.
First, let us try the next Alternate Response Diagnostic Test Type to check something you already know
about this lesson.
Consider that your score throughout this part of the module does not actually affect your performance. So, it's
all right to get bad scores. Let's get a warm-up!
Direction: On your answer sheets, write “WE HEAL” if the statement is correct and write “WE
RECOVER” if the statement is incorrect.
1. Theoretically, a histogram demonstrating the mean of all samples analyzed from a given population would be
known as the sampling distribution.
2. The review of sampling distributions of the sample means will be the baseline for inferential statistics and the
test hypothesis.
3. The total value of all possible samples means that all possible random samples of a given population
size will be equal to the population mean only if the data were normally distributed.
4. For any population, the standard deviation of the sample means is approximately equal to the standard
deviation of the population.
5. When the average of all possible values of the sample statistic is equal to the parameter, the statistic is known
as a biased estimator of the parameter.
6. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means is equal to the mean of the population
mean.
7. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the mean is also called as the standard error of the
mean.
8. The error of sampling calculated from a small sample will always be greater than one calculated from a large
sample.
9. Sampling error is the difference between the sample mean and the population mean.
10. To reduce the potential for extreme sampling error, the size of the sample should be reduced.
You can now verify your answers whether they are right or not.
How's the result going? Is that good or bad? Don't worry if you have bad scores, because that would be a
reliable indicator that you're going to need this self-learning module. That implies there are some sources
of competitive advantage that you need to develop and start exploring.
So, let's just go! Let us move ahead to the next part of this module so that you can achieve the skills and
competencies that you need to improve.

LESSON 1: Finding the Mean and the Variance of the Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Means
Recognize that the sampling distribution of the sample means is definitely the probability distribution of
the sample means, which also implies that the sample is the random variable in this probability
distribution. But since the sampling distribution of the means is the probability distribution of the
random variable X, we could perhaps calculate its mean and variance.
In this lesson, we shall solve for the mean in the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample
means and investigate some of its important properties along with the definition for normal population when
the variance is known and unknown.
What’s In
In this portion, you will connect your learned concepts and skills from previous lessons, which have
much to do with the introduction to sampling distribution of the sample means, to this current lesson, which
is finding mean and variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means.
There are several concepts from the previous lesson that are directly related to this lesson. Now, the activity
given below will help you link those concepts and ideas as you explore the lesson of this module.
Direction: With the given jumbled letters, complete the statements below by arranging the letters
below. Write your answers on your answer sheets.
1. A – S – N – L – M – I – P – G
The _____________ distribution of sample means is frequency distribution of the sample means taken
from a population.
2. O – T – M – A – R – S – I – G – H
The _____________ of the sampling distribution of the sample means is a bar graph constructed by
plotting the sample means along the horizontal axis and the problem along the vertical axis.
3. A – M – E – N
The _____________ of the sampling distribution of the sample means is equal to the mean of the
population.
4. R – O – R – E – R
Standard _____________ of the mean is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
sample mean.
5. D – E – X – E – P – E – T – C
Mean is also called _____________ value.

Check your answers at this point if they are correct. If this is not the case, you may read the given sentences and
analyze why it is completed as it was.
Recall the terms discussed in the previous modules and try to link them to the new terms you encountered in
this section of the module. For a maximum of 5 minutes, reflect on their similarities and differences so that
you can get through this module smoothly.
Since you're done reflecting and familiarizing yourself with the terms related to the previous lesson, you
can proceed to the next part of this module! Way to go there!

What’s New
Now that you have connected the previous lesson to your approach to learning concepts and skills through
this module, let us consider the following activity that will give you a recall of the concepts of the previous
lesson.
Situation: It is Monday! Harvey is very enthusiastic and challenged for his Modular Distance Learning (MDL)
experience at Week 5 in Statistics and Probability. His encounter with past quarters and modules justifies his
excitement in learning more about the core subject. He chose the MDL's Digital Module Scheme because it is
more practical to his condition.
On the other hand, his mobile phone notified him that Module 5 of Statistics and Probability had been
posted to their Facebook Learning Space, ready to be accessed and downloaded. Surprisingly, there's a
problem with Harvey. He forgot his 5-digit smartphone passcode!
Let us help Harvey decode his passcode by reviewing the past lesson on the introduction of sampling
distribution of sample means.
Direction: On your answer sheets, copy the Code Table and review the concepts of the previous lesson by
completing the paragraphs and tables provided. Link them to the corresponding number in the Code
Table.

CODE TABLE:
CODE
ANSWER 602.720 3.727 24.550 13.889 5.860

Concept 1 Reviewer:
Recall that the Variance (σ2 ) and the Standard deviation (𝛔) of ungrouped data are computed by using the
formulas presented on the next page, respectively.

where: where:
2
σ = variance σ = standard deviation
X = score or value X = score or value
N = number of scores or values N = number of scores or values
Concept 1 Example:
Given the set of data: X = { 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 13 }, complete the corresponding table and compute for
the variance and standard deviation.
x 𝐱𝟐
2 4
5 25
6 36
9 81
11 121
13 169
46 436

Concept 2 Reviewer:
Recall that the Mean (𝛍) or the Expected Value E(X) of a discreet probability distribution is computed using the
formula presented below.
𝝁=𝑬(𝑿)= 𝚺[𝑿∙𝑷(𝑿)]
where:
μ = mean
E(X) = expected value
X = value of the random variable
P(X) = probability value of the random variable
Concept 2 Example: Find the mean or the expected value of the given probability distribution below.

Mean or Expected Value:

𝜇 =𝐸(𝑋)
= Σ[𝑋∙𝑃(𝑋)]
𝜇=𝐸(𝑋)=(𝟑)

Concept 3 Reviewer:
Recall that the Variance (𝛔𝟐) and the Standard deviation (𝛔) of probability distribution are
computed by using the formulas presented below, respectively.

Concept 3 Example:
Compute the variance and standard deviation of the given probability distribution below.
Congratulations! You accessed Harvey’s smartphone. Let us continue to help Harvey explore his learning
experience through this module!
The next part of this module will be a brief and simple discussion of the lesson. This will be followed by a
series of formative assessment activities. Hey, just boost it up!

What is It
It’s time to take a general tour around this module. This portion of your journey acts a simple and brief
discussion of the lesson that aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. This will
really help you understand the real-life applications of mean and variance of sampling distribution of the
sample means.
Basically, the flow of the discussion will be starting with the presentation of the example problem
about the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means and to be followed by the
corresponding problem about its variance and standard deviation.
By helping Harvey in this module, you are able to have a learning buddy in order for you to reach your
goals in finishing this module with learned skills and competencies on your intellects!
First, Harvey wants to investigate the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means and
compare it with the mean of the population. After the comparison of the means, Harvey must compare
the variance and the standard deviation of the population to the sample means.
Let us do this!
Illustrative Example:
The following table gives the sum of tutorial rate of six teachers in Central Luzon per month. Suppose
that random samples of size 4 are taken from this population of six teachers, do the following tasks.

Solutions:
1. The population mean μ is solved as follows.
ΣX
𝜇= 𝑁 = 8+12+16+20+24+286=1086=18

Therefore, the population mean of the tutorial rates of the select teachers in Central Luzon is
18 thousand pesos per month.
2. To solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample means, the following steps are to be
considered.
a. Identify the possible samples of size 4 and compute their individual means.
Possible Sample Sample Mean (𝒙̅)
8,12,16,20 14
8,12,16,24 15
8,12,16,28 16
8,12,20,24 16
8,12,20,28 17
8,12,24,28 18
8,16,20,24 17
8,16,20,28 18
8,16,24,28 19
8,20,24,28 20
12,16,20,24 18
12,16,20,28 19
12,16,24,28 20
12,20,24,28 21
16,20,24,28 22
b. Construct the sampling distribution table for the sample means and multiply the sample means
to their probabilities.
What’s More
This time help each other to discover level up skills in answering the following activity about the mean
and the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means. Situation: After considering the first
example on the previous part of this module, Harvey has some questions and difficulties in solving the
mean and the variance of the sampling distribution of the sample means. Help Harvey in acquiring desired
skills by doing the given activity below.
Direction: With the given problem on the next page, complete the tables and the solutions to have a
complete and full discussion of computing the mean and the variance of the sampling distribution of sample
means. On your answer sheets, copy and answer the problem with complete tables and solutions.

Let us take a look at the solution below for Task A in the problem and take note of the process of computing
for the final answer.
Take note that you are going to fill in the area for the Formula to proceed to the next tasks.

At this point, let us answer Task B in the problem and familiarize yourself to the table construction
and the sample mean computations.
In here, complete the table on the next page by solving for the sample mean of the possible samples.
As part of Task B, complete the sampling distribution table for the sample means and multiply the
sample means to their probabilities and supply the missing values.

Based on the given answers with their corresponding solutions, Task C is ready to be accomplished.
Next in line is the solution below for Task D that deals with the computation of the variance and
the standard deviation of the population. Complete first the given table and proceed with the main
solution by squaring the values of the random variable X.

Task D will be finished after the computation of the variance and the standard deviation using the
completed data from the table above. Complete the solution on the next page by filling in the
incomplete portions.

To proceed to the complete solution, complete first the table below so that the given values will be
completed.
Square the sample means and multiply the results to its corresponding probabilities.
Using the data from the above table, compute for the variance and standard deviation of the sample
means.
Complete the table on the next page so that the solutions will be useful for a better understanding of the
last part of the lesson.
By the way, note that after the comparison of the computed variances and standard deviations of the
population and the sample means, you will be able to explore the continuity of the application of your
learned concepts from this module to the next module which has something to do with Central Limit
Theorem.
Do not stop. Way to go, leaners! Make your academic journey to this module be continuous and productive.
Go and explore!
What I Have Learned
To generalize your learned skills and concepts, take note of the realizations and reflections about your
experience in solving the mean and variance of the sampling distribution of sample means.
Reflective Questions:
1. How do you solve for the mean of the sampling distribution of sample means?
2. How do you compute for the variance and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of sample
means?
3. What are the significance and relationship among the mean, variance, and standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of sample means?

Assessment
Let us see if you have mastered the skills and concepts of this lesson. Perform the given activity below.
Direction: Solve the given real – life problem below. Show the complete solution for the following tasks.
Problem: As a Physical Education teacher of Hermosa National High School Senior High School, Ma’am
Mary Ann wants to compute for the Body Mass Index of few students as part of her research. As a start,
the table below shows the heights of five students in meters. Supposed samples of size 2 are taken
from this population of five students, complete the given table and answer the following tasks. Construct
the desired tables needed for your solutions and answers.