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Important Points Cell

The document outlines key features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including organelles, cell structures, and their functions. It covers aspects such as the cytoskeleton, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and transport mechanisms like passive and active transport. Additionally, it discusses the roles of membrane components and the importance of cell recognition.

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Sultan Saeed
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13 views4 pages

Important Points Cell

The document outlines key features of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including organelles, cell structures, and their functions. It covers aspects such as the cytoskeleton, lysosomes, chloroplasts, and transport mechanisms like passive and active transport. Additionally, it discusses the roles of membrane components and the importance of cell recognition.

Uploaded by

Sultan Saeed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prokaryotic Cells do not contain a nuclear

membrane
• Flagellum: used for movement
• Pili: small hair-like structures used for
attaching to other cells
• Capsule : outer layer that protects
bacteria, often associated with harmful
bacteria
• Organelles "little organs" that carry out
cell functions
• Cytoplasm : jelly-like fuid interior of the
cell
• Chromatin: DNA bound to protein (non-
dividing cell
• Chromosomes: condensed structures
seen in dividing cell
• Ribosomes are the organelles that carry
out protein synthesis
• vesicles enclosed sacs made of
membrane material
• The ER membrane is continuous with the
nuclear envelope and consist of RER,SER
• Smooth ER- no ribosomes
• secretory proteins called glycoproteins
• Lysosomes: are membrane bounded
vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes
• Rough ER- contains ribosomes.
• lysosomes play a critical role in the
programmed destruction of cells
(apoptosis)
• Found only in plant chloroplast
• The cytoskeleton is a network of fbers
extending throughout the cytoplasm.
• cytoskeleton helps cells maintain their
shape and internal organization
• sites of photosynthesis chloroplast
• chlorophyll make chloroplast green
• The primary cell wall in plant: is made of
cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin
• The secondary cell wall: composed
mainly of cellulose and lignin
• plasmodesma channels allowing cytosol
to pass between cell
• Tow component of cytoskeleton are
microfilaments , microtubules
• Animal cells e not have cell walls
• Cellular respiration making ATP to
prvide energy
• Powerhouse of the cell mitochondaria
• LYSOSOMES take in and break down
cellular derbis
• Vacuoles sac like organelles store
material within cell
• It receives proteins from the ER, then it
modify and sorts them for transport golgi
apparatus
• Transport poretin to glolgi ER
• RIBOSOMS make protein
• Nucleous make ribosms
• Passive transport: no input of energy
• Active transport: Some small molecules
use active transport, which requires both
energy and a transport
• Bulk transport: Large molecules move in
and out, using bulk transport; exocytosis
or endocytosis
• Provide corridors that allow a specific
molecule or ion to cross the membrane
Channel proteins
• They are usually transmembrane proteins
Integral membrane protein
• Are the major structural components of
the cell membrane: phospholipids and
proteins
• The major role of Membrane
Carbohydrates is Cell-Cell Recognition
• Higher temperature increases fluidity
• Cholesterol enables membrane fluidity at
low temperature because it hinders its
solidification
• Most membrane proteins are also
amphipathic
• Phagocytosis (takes in food) and
Pinocytosis (takes in fluid)
• Define isotonic , hypertonic , hypotonic
•

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