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Lecture 3 Turbulence Modeling

The document discusses the modeling of turbulent flows in mechanical power engineering, highlighting the challenges in solving the governing equations due to the complexity of turbulence. It categorizes six approaches to predict turbulent flows, including correlations, integral equations, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), two-point closure, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). An overview of these turbulence models is provided, organized by their complexity.

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Mina Gamal Mourad
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12 views25 pages

Lecture 3 Turbulence Modeling

The document discusses the modeling of turbulent flows in mechanical power engineering, highlighting the challenges in solving the governing equations due to the complexity of turbulence. It categorizes six approaches to predict turbulent flows, including correlations, integral equations, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), two-point closure, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES), and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). An overview of these turbulence models is provided, organized by their complexity.

Uploaded by

Mina Gamal Mourad
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Mechanical Power Engineering Program

3rd YEAR -2nd SEMESTER

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN
ENERGY FIELD

MEC324
2025
Numerical simulation of turbulent flows
3.4.1 Introduction
Turbulent fluid motion is an irregular condition of flow in which the various
quantities show a random variation with time and space coordinates. The need
of turbulence modeling is caused solely by our inability to solve the equations
that describe the physical problem on fine enough mesh to resolve all the
relevant physical scales. In Fig. 3.1 we show a schematic view of a turbulent
boundary layer in a plane normal to the flow.

Fig.3.1SchematicFig.
view1.ofSchematic
a turbulentview of a turbulent
boundary layer “notboundary
to scale; flow direction
layer (not to scale; flow
normal to the page Mc COMB [28]direction
normal to the page).
3.4.2 Classification scheme for the approaches to predicting turbulent
flows:
According to Bardina et al. (1980) [24] there are six categories in predicting
turbulent flows, most of which can be divided in sub-categories:
2-1 the use of correlations such as ones that give the friction
factor as a function of Reynolds number. This method is limited to simple
types of flows.
2-2 the uses of integral equations which can be derived from the
equations of notion by integration over one or more coordinate. This will
reduces the problem to one or more differential equations which are easily
solved.
2-3 one –point closure approach "RANS"
DNS = Direct Numerical Simulation
In which ,by averaging the equations of motion over time .that lead to a set of LES = Large-Eddy Simulation
RANS = Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations
partial differential equations called the Reynolds-averaged Navier-stokes or 1st-order = first-order closures
2nd-order = second-order closures
"RANS" equations. This method requires the introduction of approximations RST = Reynolds-Stress Transport models
ARS = Algebraic Reynolds-Stress models
"turbulence models". 0-, 1-, 2-Eq. = zero- (algebraic), one-, two-equation models.
2-4 Two-point closure approach.
It uses equations for the correlation of the velocity components at two spatial
points. This method used only for homogeneous turbulence.
2-5 Large eddy simulation "LES"
In which we solve for the largest scale motions of the flow while
approximating or modeling only small scale motion.
2-6 Direct numerical simulation "DNS"
In which the Navier Stokes equations are solved for all of the motions in a
turbulent flow.
An overview of the classes of turbulence models, which are sorted according
to their decreasing level of complexity, is displayed in Fig.3.2.

DNS = Direct Numerical Simulation


LES = Large-Eddy Simulation
RANS = Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations
1st-order = first-order closures
2nd-order = second-order closures
RST = Reynolds-Stress Transport models
ARS = Algebraic Reynolds-Stress models
0-, 1-, 2-Eq. = zero- (algebraic), one-, two-equation models.

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