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Notes Sketching 1

An Arduino sketch consists of a setup function for initialization, a loop function for continuous execution, and pin declarations for input/output management. Key steps in writing a sketch include declaring variables, structuring code logically, and testing frequently. Best practices involve using descriptive names, avoiding hardcoding values, and addressing error messages promptly.

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19 views5 pages

Notes Sketching 1

An Arduino sketch consists of a setup function for initialization, a loop function for continuous execution, and pin declarations for input/output management. Key steps in writing a sketch include declaring variables, structuring code logically, and testing frequently. Best practices involve using descriptive names, avoiding hardcoding values, and addressing error messages promptly.

Uploaded by

parzueloprince73
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Main Parts of an Arduino Sketch

An Arduino sketch is the term used for a program written for Arduino boards. It consists of specific
sections that help control the behavior of the microcontroller.
a. Setup Function (setup())
• Purpose: Initializes settings, runs once when the Arduino is powered on or reset.
• Syntax:

• Common Uses:
o Setting pin modes (pinMode())
o Starting serial communication (Serial.begin())
o Initializing libraries
b. Loop Function (loop())
• Purpose: Contains the code that runs repeatedly after setup() finishes.
• Syntax:

• Common Uses:
o Reading sensor data
o Controlling outputs (LEDs, motors, etc.)
o Monitoring inputs continuously
c. Pin Declaration
• Purpose: Defines which pins will be used as input or output.
• Syntax:

• Common Uses:
o Assigning descriptive names to pin numbers for clarity
o Using constants (const int buttonPin = 2;)

How to Write an Arduino Sketch


1. Declare Variables and Pins: Define pins and global variables.
2. Setup Function: Initialize pins as input/output using pinMode(), start serial communication if needed.
3. Loop Function: Write the logic that runs continuously.
4. Upload to Arduino: Use the Arduino IDE to upload your sketch to the board.

Do's and Don'ts in Writing an Arduino Sketch


Do's:
1. Comment Your Code Clearly:
Adding comments (// single-line or /* multi-line */) helps explain what each part of your code does. This
is helpful for others reading your code—or even for yourself if you return to the project later.
Example:
2. Use Descriptive Variable Names:
Instead of vague names like x or temp1, use names that describe the purpose of the variable, such as
ledPin, temperatureSensorValue, or motorSpeed. This improves code readability and maintainability.
Example:

3. Organize Code Logically:


Structure your code in sections for setup, loop, and functions. Group related commands together. You
can also use functions to avoid repetition and make the code modular.
Example:

4. Test Frequently:
Upload small parts of your code to the Arduino board regularly instead of writing everything at once.
This helps catch errors early and makes debugging easier.
5. Use Constants for Fixed Values:
Define constants for values like pin numbers to avoid accidental changes and make updates easier.
Use const or #define.
Example:

Don'ts:
1. Avoid Hardcoding Values:
Instead of writing raw numbers directly in your code (like digitalWrite(13, HIGH) everywhere), assign
them to variables or constants. This makes changes easier and prevents mistakes.

2. Don’t Forget Semicolons:


Every statement in Arduino C++ code must end with a semicolon (;). Missing semicolons cause
compilation errors.

3. Don’t Overload the loop() Function:


Keep the loop() function efficient. Avoid placing heavy computations or long delays that slow down your
program. Use functions to keep the loop() clean.

4. Avoid Global Variables Unless Necessary:


Declaring too many global variables (outside of functions) can cause memory issues. Use local
variables inside functions whenever possible to optimize memory usage.
5. Don’t Ignore Error Messages:
When compiling, if the IDE shows errors or warnings, read them carefully. They provide clues about
what went wrong, like missing semicolons, undeclared variables, or syntax errors.

Steps in Making an Arduino Project


1. Define Your Project Goal:
Clearly identify what you want to create. Is it a blinking LED, a temperature monitor, or an automated
door? Knowing the goal helps you plan the components and code.
2. Gather Components:
Depending on your project, you’ll need:
o Arduino board (e.g., Uno, Nano)
o Sensors (e.g., temperature, motion)
o Actuators (e.g., motors, servos)
o LEDs, resistors, jumper wires, breadboard
3. Design the Circuit:
Draw a simple schematic diagram to plan how you’ll connect components. This helps prevent mistakes
when wiring. Tools like Fritzing can help create neat diagrams.
4. Write the Sketch:
Open the Arduino IDE and start coding. Begin with basic functions like pinMode(), digitalWrite(),
analogRead(), etc. Remember the do's and don'ts!
5. Upload and Test:
Connect your Arduino to your computer via USB, select the correct board and port, then upload the
sketch. Observe if the project behaves as expected.
6. Debug:
If it doesn’t work, check:
o Is the wiring correct?
o Are there any loose connections?
o Are there errors in the code?
Use Serial.print() statements to debug and track values in the Serial Monitor.
7. Optimize:
Once it’s working, clean up your code by removing unnecessary parts, using functions, and improving
efficiency. Optimize your circuit for better performance.
8. Document Your Work:
Write down the circuit diagram, code, and project notes. This helps if you revisit the project later or
share it with others.
Part A: Label the Parts
Examine the sample Arduino sketch below and label the following parts:
• Setup Function
• Loop Function
• Pin Declaration

Part B: Fill in the Blanks


1. The __________ function runs only once when the Arduino starts.
2. The __________ function runs repeatedly in a loop.
3. To declare a pin as output, use the command __________(pin, OUTPUT);
4. Missing a __________ at the end of a line will cause an error.
5. __________ is used to create a delay in milliseconds.
Part C: True or False: Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, correct the statement.
_________1. The loop function runs only once.
Correction: ___________________________________________
_________2. You can ignore error messages when uploading code.
Correction: ___________________________________________
_________3. Comments in code help explain what each part does.
Correction: ___________________________________________
_________4. Using descriptive variable names makes code harder to read.
Correction: ___________________________________________
_________5. pinMode() is used to read data from a sensor.
Correction: ___________________________________________
Part D: Short Answer
1. List two things you should always do when writing an Arduino sketch.
2. What is the purpose of declaring pins in your code?
3. Describe one common mistake to avoid when working with Arduino sketches.
Part E. Determining Correct and Incorrect Arduino Sketches
Review the two sketches below. Identify which one is correct and which one is incorrect. Explain why.

Questions:
1. Which sketch is correct?
2. Identify the errors in the incorrect sketch.
3. Explain how to fix the errors.

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