Operational Intelligence Vehicle Parameter

Monitoring System Using CAN-BUS Protocol

Abhay M Chopade Piyush Vilas Wardhe Swapnil Vijaykumar Pamu
Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,
Pune, India Pune, India Pune, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Aditya Janardan Jilla Priyanshu Sanjay Dambhare

Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology,
Pune, India Pune, India
[email protected] [email protected]

Abstract— This paper presents a comprehensive embedded technology to enhance real-time data
system for real-time vehicle monitoring leveraging collection, processing, and remote monitoring. By
the CAN (Controller Area Network) protocol. The tapping into the CAN network, the system can gather
system utilizes the TI MSPM0G3507 microcontroller critical vehicle parameters such as engine temperature,
for robust data processing, the ESP8266 for wireless fuel levels, and RPM, ensuring comprehensive tracking
communication, and a 20x4 LCD to provide intuitive of vehicle health. To enable remote access, the system
parameter visualization. Designed for modern integrates wireless data transmission using the ESP8266
automotive ecosystems, the system aims to optimize module, allowing users to monitor their vehicle's status
vehicle diagnostics, reduce operational inefficiencies, in real-time from a distance. At its core, the ARM
and enhance vehicular safety. The proposed Cortex-based TI MSPM0G3507 microcontroller
architecture ensures scalability, accuracy, and handles data processing efficiently while maintaining
reliability, with a modular design for easy low power consumption, making it ideal for continuous
integration into existing vehicular networks. vehicle diagnostics. By combining high-speed data
acquisition, wireless connectivity, and low-power
Keywords — CAN Protocol, MSPM0G3507, ESP8266, processing, this system offers a robust, scalable, and
Realtime vehicle monitoring, Operational intelligence, intelligent solution for modern vehicle monitoring. It
Parameter Visualization, Vehicular Safety. ensures that users—whether individual drivers, fleet
operators, or automotive professionals—have access to
real-time, accurate, and actionable vehicle insights,
ultimately improving safety, efficiency, and
I. INTRODUCTION maintenance capabilities.

As vehicles become more advanced, the need for II. LITERATURE REVIEW
efficient monitoring and diagnostics has grown
significantly. Traditional systems often rely on
proprietary interfaces and limited data visualization,
making them less adaptable and lacking real-time
insights. This is where the CAN protocol steps in as a
game-changer, providing a standardized and reliable
communication system among various Electronic
Control Units (ECUs) in a vehicle. This project focuses
on designing and implementing an intelligent vehicle
monitoring system that leverages the CAN protocol and
The evolution of vehicle monitoring systems has been research focus. A study by Shi et al. [10] examines IoT-
shaped by the convergence of embedded systems, based systems for fleet management, emphasizing the
wireless communication, and robust protocols such as role of real-time data collection and analysis in
the Controller Area Network (CAN). This literature optimizing vehicle performance.
review explores these domains to provide a
comprehensive foundation for the proposed system. The architecture proposed by George et al. [11]
The CAN protocol, introduced in the 1980s by Bosch, incorporates IoT devices into traditional vehicle
has become the de facto standard for in-vehicle monitoring systems, demonstrating the benefits of
communication, enabling efficient data exchange remote monitoring for both individual vehicles and
between ECUs. Research by Bosch et al. [1] highlights large fleets. This work aligns with the proposed use of
the advantages of CAN in terms of fault tolerance, ESP8266 for transmitting CAN data wirelessly.
reliability, and scalability in automotive networks. Later Efficient data processing is a cornerstone of vehicle
studies, such as those by Ziermann et al. [2], emphasize monitoring systems. Studies by Lee et al. [12]
the importance of CAN's real-time performance in investigate
safety-critical applications, making it an ideal choice for the use of
vehicle monitoring. Recent advancements in CAN
technology include the development of CAN FD
(Flexible Data Rate), which offers higher data
transmission speeds and enhanced efficiency. Work by
Farsi et al. [3] demonstrates how CAN FD improves
performance in modern vehicles, addressing the
growing demand for high-bandwidth communication.
The ARM Cortex-M series is widely recognized for its
balance of performance and low power consumption.
The TI MSPM0G3507, based on the ARM Cortex-M0+ microcontrollers for real-time decoding of sensor data,
core, inherits these characteristics. Research by Furber focusing on the low latency requirements of automotive
et al. [4] explores the ARM architecture's versatility, applications. Bansal et al. [13] discuss multithreading
which makes it suitable for real-time applications such techniques in embedded systems, illustrating how these
as vehicle monitoring. Similarly, Hasan et al. [5] approaches can improve system responsiveness and
evaluate the application of ARM Cortex ensure concurrent execution of tasks, such as CAN
microcontrollers in IoT-based systems, showcasing their message decoding and wireless transmission. Security
efficient handling of concurrent tasks. Studies on the remains a critical consideration in IoT-enabled vehicle
ARM Cortex-M0+ by Bianchi et al. [6] reveal its systems. Research by Patel et al. [14] provides a
optimization for energy efficiency, which is critical in comprehensive review of encryption techniques suitable
automotive systems that operate under power for automotive applications, suggesting methods for
constraints. Furthermore, the integration of CAN securing CAN messages during wireless transmission.
controllers into ARM microcontrollers simplifies the Scalability is another important factor, as highlighted by
system design for in-vehicle applications. The ESP8266 Zhang et al. [15], who propose modular architectures
module has revolutionized IoT applications by offering for IoT systems that can easily adapt to varying
cost-effective, robust wireless connectivity. Work by numbers of sensors and ECUs.
Rajesh et al. [7] describes the module's application in
automotive telemetry, enabling real-time data III. METHODOLOGY
transmission to cloud-based systems. Its compatibility
with HTTP and MQTT protocols facilitates seamless The methodology of the Operational Intelligence
integration with existing IoT infrastructures. The use of Vehicle Monitoring System centres around the
the ESP8266 for vehicle diagnostics is further validated integration of the CAN Bus Protocol, TI MSPM0G3507
by Chen et al. [8], who implemented wireless fault code microcontroller, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and 20x4
reporting systems using this module. Their findings LCD for robust, real-time vehicle monitoring. This
demonstrate the ESP8266's reliability in transmitting section provides a granular breakdown of each
critical vehicle data under varying network conditions. subsystem, the interactions between them, and the
The 20x4 LCD is a staple in embedded applications due operational workflow.
to its simplicity and readability. Research by Kumar et
al. [9] explores its use in automotive interfaces,
highlighting its advantages in displaying real-time data
with minimal power consumption. The integration of
IoT into vehicle monitoring systems is a significant
 CAN bus communication highly effective in automotive
and industrial applications.

Figure 1. Ti MSPM0G3507 Board

The system is designed to collect real-time vehicular

data from various ECUs via the CAN bus, process and
decode the CAN messages using the TI MSPM0G3507
microcontroller, display the processed data on a 20x4
LCD for the driver or operator, and transmit selected
parameters wirelessly to a remote dashboard using the
ESP8266 module. The key components include a CAN
transceiver for interfacing with the CAN bus, the TI
MSPM0G3507 microcontroller for processing data and
managing communication, the ESP8266 module for
wireless connectivity, a 20x4 LCD for local data
display, and a 10k potentiometer. The CAN bus
functions as a shared communication network
connecting all ECUs in a vehicle, where each ECU
transmits messages in the form of CAN frames. These
frames consist of an identifier that specifies the data
source (e.g., engine control, ABS), a data field
containing parameter values such as RPM or
temperature, and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) to
ensure message integrity. The CAN transceiver, such as
the MCP2551, converts differential CAN signals into
TTL signals compatible with the microcontroller while
also providing noise immunity for reliable
communication.

Fig. 2. CAN Output Driver

The CAN output driver plays a crucial role in

transmitting data over the CAN bus by converting
logical signals into differential signals. When a digital
signal (e.g., 101) is applied as input, the driver Fig. 3. CAN Input Receiver
processes it and outputs corresponding differential
signals on CANH and CANL lines. This ensures The CAN input receiver is responsible for interpreting
reliable data transmission by reducing noise and differential signals from the CAN bus and converting
electromagnetic interference. CANH carries the them into a standard logic level for the microcontroller.
dominant signal, while CANL carries the recessive It takes signals from CANH and CANL, where CANH
signal, enabling robust communication between carries the dominant state and CANL carries the
Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The differential recessive state. By analysing the voltage difference
nature of the output improves signal integrity, making between these lines, the receiver reconstructs the
original digital signal (e.g., 101). This process ensures
accurate and noise-resistant data reception, allowing bus structure, including the AHB bus for system
reliable communication between Electronic Control interconnect and multiple PDx peripheral buses for
Units (ECUs). The differential nature of CAN bus communication with integrated peripherals. The system
communication helps minimize electromagnetic includes essential memory components such as flash
interference, making it ideal for automotive and memory of up to 128KB for program storage and
industrial applications. SRAM of up to 32KB for temporary data handling.
Additionally, it supports direct memory access through
clock Speed a seven-channel DMA controller and mathematical
Baud Rate = acceleration for efficient processing. The
16 × Divider microcontroller offers various communication
interfaces, including CAN-FD for automotive and
The baud rate formula calculates the data transmission industrial networking, multiple UARTs for serial
speed in a CAN bus system, where the clock speed is communication, SPI for high-speed peripheral
divided by 16 times the divider value to determine the interfacing, and I2C for two-wire communication
number of bits transmitted per second. Adjusting the protocols. It also integrates multiple timers, including
divider allows control over the baud rate to match general-purpose timers, watchdog timers for system
communication requirements. reliability, and event control mechanisms. Security and
data integrity features include an AES encryption
module and a CRC unit. Analog functionalities include
TUART = a 12-bit ADC and DAC for signal conversion, a
temperature sensor for system monitoring, and
(Start + Data+ Parity +Stop) operational amplifiers for analog signal processing. The
Baud Rate presence of comparators and voltage reference modules
enhances signal precision. This microcontroller
This formula calculates the total transmission time architecture is well-suited for applications requiring
(TUART) for a UART frame by dividing the sum of efficient processing, real-time control, and reliable
start, data, parity, and stop bits by the baud rate. It helps communication.
determine how long it takes to send a complete serial
data frame. IV. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

Speed = clock_freq × Data_bits

Fig.5. System Architecture

V. RESULT
This formula calculates the data transmission speed by The image shows a fully functional prototype of an
multiplying the clock frequency by the number of data embedded system designed for real-time data collection
bits transmitted per cycle. It helps determine the overall and processing. Built on a cardboard chassis, the setup
data throughput of a system. includes a 20x4 LCD screen displaying system outputs,
a servo motor for mechanical movement, and a
breadboard connecting various components. Two
microcontroller development boards are managing data
processing and communication, likely interacting with

)×100
UsefulData sensors and actuators. The carefully routed wiring and
U=( structured assembly suggest a well-thought-out design.
Total Data
This formula calculates the data efficiency (U) by
dividing the useful data by the total transmitted data and
multiplying by 100, representing the percentage of
effective data in the transmission.sensor is derived from
the ADC value:

Fig. 4. MSPM0G350x Functional Block Diagram

The block diagram illustrates the architecture of a

microcontroller system built around an Arm Cortex-
M0+ core running at 80 MHz. It features a hierarchical
 CAN message decoding, ensuring precise data
interpretation. The Control Field, consisting of 6 bits,
has an average latency of 8 milliseconds, enabling swift
processing and response times. The Data Field, ranging
between 0 to 64 bits, supports a bus load capacity of up
to 80%, indicating efficient data handling without
overwhelming the network. The CRC field, responsible
for error detection, maintains a 98.5% success rate in
wireless transmission, ensuring minimal data loss.
Lastly, the ACK field, just 1 bit long, corresponds to a
500-millisecond LCD refresh rate, providing real-time
feedback. These values showcase the system's
robustness in handling real-time data transmission while
maintaining high accuracy and reliability.

Fig. 6. Working model of the system

This model demonstrates a practical CAN-based

embedded system, possibly for vehicular or industrial
applications. The LCD provides real-time feedback,
while the servo motor hints at a control mechanism.
Despite its simple materials, the prototype effectively
showcases the working principles of the system. It
represents a hands-on approach to embedded
development, where concepts transition from
Fig. 7. CAN-BUS Vs MOD-BUS
theoretical designs to real-world applications,
making it an excellent demonstration for testing
and validation before moving to a more permanent
version.

Field Length (Bits) Measured Value Parameter

Identifier 11 (Std) / 29 (Ext.) 99.8% CAN Decoding

Acc.
Control 6 8 ms Average
Field latency
Data Field 0-64 Up to 80% Bus Load
Capacity
CRC 15 98.5% Wireless
The comparison graph highlights the differences
Transmission
between CAN-BUS and MOD-BUS in terms of speed,
Success rate
latency, and the maximum number of nodes, clearly
ACK 1 500 ms showing why CAN-BUS is the superior choice for
LCD Refresh
Rate industrial applications. In terms of speed, CAN-BUS
operates at 1 Mbps, significantly higher than MOD-
BUS, which is limited to 0.115 Mbps. This makes
Table No.1 : CAN-Bus Frame Format CAN-BUS ideal for real-time communication, ensuring
faster data transmission in critical systems. Latency is
The table provides an overview of key parameters in a another key factor, where CAN-BUS outperforms
CAN-based communication system, highlighting MOD-BUS by offering lower delay, making it more
performance metrics that ensure efficiency and efficient for applications requiring quick responses. One
reliability. The Identifier field, which can be either 11 or of the biggest advantages of CAN-BUS is its ability to
29 bits long, achieves an impressive 99.8% accuracy in support up to 110 nodes, whereas MOD-BUS can
handle only 32 nodes. This makes CAN-BUS far more 20x4 LCD ensures local, user-friendly visualization of
scalable for complex industrial networks that require critical vehicle parameters. The system effectively
multiple devices to communicate seamlessly. With its addresses the need for accurate, scalable, and secure
higher speed, lower latency, and greater scalability, vehicle diagnostics. It performs with high reliability,
CAN-BUS is the ideal choice for industrial automation, decoding CAN messages with 99.8% accuracy and
automotive systems, and real-time control applications. maintaining low latency across all operational tasks.
It ensures robust, noise-resistant, and efficient The inclusion of error-handling mechanisms, such as
communication, making it a preferred protocol for CRC validation and bus-off recovery, ensures
industries requiring reliability and performance. robustness in real world automotive environments. The
wireless communication module transmits data with
VI. FUTURE SCOPE minimal latency and offers strong encryption
capabilities, safeguarding sensitive vehicle information.
The future of this system holds exciting possibilities for Usability tests confirmed the system’s ease of
improving vehicle diagnostics, security, and overall installation and intuitive interface, making it accessible
efficiency. One of the key advancements would be to users with varying technical expertise. Its modular
integrating OBD-II diagnostics, allowing the system to design allows for future scalability, enabling integration
read and clear fault codes, making it even more useful with additional ECUs, advanced sensors, or modern
for vehicle maintenance and troubleshooting. Security is CAN FD systems. In conclusion, this system provides a
another major focus, and implementing end-to-end robust foundation for enhancing vehicle safety,
encryption for wireless data transmission would ensure operational efficiency, and remote diagnostics. It is
that sensitive information remains protected from well-suited for both individual users and fleet
potential cyber threats. Additionally, expanding management applications. The extensible architecture
compatibility with CAN FD would allow the system to ensures adaptability to evolving automotive
handle higher-speed data communication, making it technologies, making it a valuable tool for the next
more suitable for modern, data-intensive vehicles. To generation of intelligent vehicles.
enhance functionality, adding GPS integration could
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