TELEVISION LIGHTING CONSISTENCY INDEX

(TLCI-2012)
Alan Roberts © 2018-11-24. Version 2.018

1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Warning ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 File conversion modules ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Running from the command line .......................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Error handling ....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.5 Keyboard shortcuts ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.6 CIE matters ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2 PROGRAM MENU STRUCTURE.................................................................................... 5
2.1 File menu .............................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.1 Open illuminant file for TLCI-2012 ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1.2 History file list, show TLCI ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3 TLCI/TLMF control dialog ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.1.3.1 EBU R137 report. ................................................................................................................................. 5
2.1.3.1.1 The meaning of the Qa value. ............................................................................................................ 6
2.1.3.1.2 The meaning of the d value. .............................................................................................................. 7
2.1.3.2 EBU R137 report + save BMP file. ...................................................................................................... 7
2.1.3.3 EBU R137 report + metadata file.......................................................................................................... 7
2.1.3.4 Cartwheel, Colourists Advice. .............................................................................................................. 7
2.1.3.5 Colour patches as files. ......................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.4 CRI control dialog..................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.4.1 CRI report. ............................................................................................................................................ 8
2.1.4.2 Cartwheel, Colourists Advice. .............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.5 Metameric simulation on BMP file ........................................................................................................... 8
2.1.6 Load .bmp file to screen ............................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.7 Save .bmp file of screen ............................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.8 Colour bars ................................................................................................................................................ 9
2.1.9 Plot spectrum of test illuminant ............................................................................................................... 9
2.1.10 Convert spectroradiometric file................................................................................................................. 9
2.1.10.1 Select radiometer................................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.10.2 Radiometer file .................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.10.3 Action .................................................................................................................................................. 10
2.1.10.4 Do it .................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.11 Run spectroradiometer utility/Run custom utility ................................................................................... 10
2.2 Setup Menu ......................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 General settings ....................................................................................................................................... 11
2.2.2 Metadata file settings .............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 Utilities menu ..................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 Colorimetric utility.................................................................................................................................. 12
2.3.2 List stored data ........................................................................................................................................ 13
3 THE MATHEMATICS .................................................................................................... 15
3.1 Flow diagram of the TLCI processing ................................................................................................ 15
3.2 Mathematics of the Standard camera.................................................................................................. 15
3.3 Mathematics of the Standard display.................................................................................................. 16
3.4 CIEDE2000 Colour Difference Analysis ........................................................................................... 16
3.5 Derivation of TLCI-2012/TLMF-2013 Qa value ............................................................................... 18
4 THE MATHEMATICS OF TRANSFORMATION ........................................................ 18
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5 SETUP CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................... 20
6 LIGHTING FILTERS ....................................................................................................... 22

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1 OVERVIEW
This program is intended to be used for the assessment of light sources for use in television lighting.
The program defines a ‘standard’ camera, and then uses it to analyse a set of test colours when illuminated by a
standard source and by the source under test. The colorimetric differences between the two exposure conditions,
when viewed on a reference display, are calculated according to the principles espoused by W.N.Sproson and
E.W.Taylor of BBC R&D, in:
‘A colour television illuminant consistency index’, BBC R&D Report 1971/45
‘Rank order difference analysis applied to tests of the television consistency index’, BBC R&D Report 1982/10
‘The assessment of the colorimetric properties of light sources for use in television scene lighting’, BBC R&D Report
1988/2
The algorithm used in this software is specified in EBU document Tech 3355, with supporting information in Tech
3353 and 3354.
The analysis calculates the video drive signals for each test colour, and can then display them for immediate viewing.

All the relevant properties of the camera and display are set from data within the program.
Each time the program is run, it will create data files it needs for the calculations. They will be created in the same
folder as the program software. You can safely delete these when the program exits, if you wish.
Note that, at any time, you can copy the screen contents to the clipboard as graphics with Alt-PrintScreen, or only the
text content with Ctrl-Tab. This can then be pasted into any conventional Windows application with Paste or Ctrl-V.
If you have previously used the file conversion program to convert an ASEQ LR1 file for use here, the program will
immediately load it and show the report on it using whichever algorithm was last selected.
Menu items which are greyed out are unavailable in User mode, but available in Engineering mode, for which
payment is required.

1.1 Warning
This software was written on PCs, starting with Windows XP and then Windows 7 Pro and on Windows 10. Although
it should work correctly in all versions of Windows, it has not been fully tested on any other versions. So there may be
problems as yet undiscovered. For example, running it on a Windows 8 PC appears to set the program window size
incorrectly, and I have no idea why.

1.2 File conversion modules

The program is supplied with several file-conversion modules. Each deals with one specific type of spectroradiometer
file. They cannot be run as ‘stand-alone’ programs, they must be loaded by the main program. Simply include all the
modules you need in the same folder as the main program and this file, the program will automatically pick them up at
the time it is run. Note that only modules dealing with file formats which are known not to contain ‘scope mode’ data
will be made available for use in this main program.

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There is a list of the currently available modules in a separate file, ‘TLCI-2012 converters.pdf’. Other modules will be
written and released as and when they are needed. Contact me if you need another module.

1.3 Running from the command line

The program can be run from a command line, although I don’t expect anyone to do this. However, it means that a
filename can be appended to the program name, and this file will be used as a test file immediately the program runs.
The file must be a standard .lum file created by this program. To enable this process there are things you must do first:
 In Windows Explorer, find an existing file with the .lum extension.
 Right-click on it and select ‘Open with’ then ‘choose default program’.
 Click ‘Browse’ and navigate to the program file (TLCI-2012.exe) and select it.
 Check the ‘Always use …’ box, and click ‘OK’.
Now, you will find that you can just double-click on any .lum file and the program will start and go straight to the
TLCI report screen, provided that the file is correctly formatted. You can also simply drag and drop a .lum file onto
the program file or icon, and the same will happen.
Experimentally, this also works with spectroradiometer data file formats for which you have loaded converter
modules.
The file will be converted to the standard .lum format as usual, and then the TLCI report will be shown.

1.4 Error handling

I do the best I can, but there are undoubtedly some program errors left, plus some combinations of conditions which
can cause errors. Normally the program will handle these gracefully. If it can recover from the error, you will be
offered the chance to do so, but many settings will be lost. If it cannot recover (either through a coding error or
because some file processing is not working for reasons beyond my control), then the program will exit.
In either case, please let me know what happened, what you were trying to do, any information which might help me
track down and cure the problem.

1.5 Keyboard shortcuts

Most of the menu items have an associated shortcut, shown in the menus themselves. Press Ctrl-Shortcut key to do it,
e.g. Ctrl-T opens the TLCI/TLMF dialog. Also, there are some shortcuts which do not need two key presses, press Alt
to show them then press the underlined key, so Alt then F then T opens the TLCI/TLMF dialog. Note that these work
only if you do not have any dialog box already open.

1.6 CIE matters

Wherever possible, colorimetric data and calculations have been taken from the latest CIE documents, particularly
CIE Tech 15.2004. Some inconsistencies have been spotted however, such as the listing of D65 data in Table 1, which
was calculated from data and equations in the 1971 version. Therefore, daylight calculations use the methods specified
in CIE Tech 15.2004 Appendix A rather than those listed in the main text – the differences are small, but significant.

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2 PROGRAM MENU STRUCTURE
2.1 File menu
This menu contains the controls for the screen plots, and the generation of standard-format files for later use within the
program. Some items are not available in User mode, and will not be described here.

2.1.1 Open illuminant file for TLCI-2012

Select the file, and the standard TLCI report calculation happens. If there’s any problem with the file, you will be told.

2.1.2 History file list, show TLCI

Whenever you select a file for TLCI, TLMF or CRI, its name is added to this list. Select from it to do an immediate
TLCI report display without going through the dialog.

2.1.3 TLCI/TLMF control dialog

A dialog opens. Select the algorithm from the drop-down box at bottom right:
only the TLCI-2012 and TLMF-2013 are currently supported.
Select the test file you wish to analyse. Press file (the highlighted button) to
select a text file of the spectral data for a luminaire. You can select only
correctly formatted files with .lum or .ref extension, or any spectral data file
for which you have included a conversion module. The file will be loaded and
analysed immediately.
If the CCT measurement shows that the source is too far from the locus of
CCTs, you will be told so in the dialog’s name, but the calculations can still be
done. If the CCT is not numerical (e.g. ‘Not found’), then the CCT cannot be
found because the luminaire colour is off the end of the Planckian or Daylight
locus, and the calculations would not be reliable. The ‘OK’ button is therefore
disabled for TLCI calculations unless the CCT is satisfactorily found. TLCI
calculations are unreliable for CCTs outside the range 1,600 to 16,000, simply
because television cameras generally cannot white balance to luminaires outside that range.
You can also opt to include a lighting filter with the test luminaire. Files must be in the correct format: a library of
filter data is supplied with the software, derived from data supplied by LEE Lighting. If you have included and
enabled a filter file, the CCT of the luminaire, given in the top line, will not be changed, but the CCT of the
combination is given next to the filter selection button.
For TLMF calculations only you must also select a reference file for the comparison, which can also be either a .lum
or a .ref file. Its CCT is given in the dialog, but is not used in the calculation.
You can also customise the report by selecting a custom camera. You must have correctly formatted files available the
camera, a spectral sensitivity curve with a matrix applied, i.e with negative lobes (*.+-.cam), or one with only positive
responses (*.+.cam) for which there must be a matrix file with exactly the same name in the same folder, but with the
extension .mtx. The standard TLCI/TLMF report will be titled to show the identity of the camera you have chosen.
Note that this is not a standard report, it is a custom report and should not be published as a standard TLCI/TLMF
report.
If you are processing a lot of files, check the tick-box to prevent the dialog closing each time.
The algorithm can be selected from the drop-down box bottom right.
Select what you want to do, then do it.

2.1.3.1 EBU R137 report.

If all is well, then press ‘OK’ to get the standard report form for the TLCI.
The notional camera will be white balanced to the test illuminant, and then compared with the reference illuminant
which will be a standard file having the same Correlated Colour Temperature. The CCT of the test file will be shown
in the top line of the dialog.

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The EBU R137 screen report forms the main output of the software. Note that the software produces optimal-looking
output when the window is the default size for the software, 1424x732. If the size or shape is changed, fonts and sizes
will be adjusted to try to keep it looking good, but any major departure from the aspect ratio of about 1.95:1 will result
in distorted representation of the Colorchecker chart. The colour representation will not be affected, only the shape of
the chart and patches.
Top left is the verdict, it shows the Test Illuminant file name, its calculated Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT)
and the distance d from the locus (in multiples of 0.0054 in CIE1960uv chromaticity, as recommended in CIE Tech
15.3), the reference luminaire, and the found TLCI-2012 value for Qa on a scale from 0 (no light) to 100 (perfect).
Top right is the Colourist’s Advice Report. This gives advice for the colourist attempting to correct for the colour
errors, in 12 hue sectors, with, for each sector, a suggestion for the correction needed in Lightness, Chroma, and Hue.
This advice is not, and cannot be, precise or definitive, it is only approximate. A zero value means that the error is
probably too small to be visible, a single + or – means the error is very small and the sign tells which way to apply
correction), multiple + or - tells that the necessary correction is progressively greater.

Bottom left is Colour Patches. This shows the colours of the Colorchecker card. It is correct for sRGB or television
displays only (choose which in ‘Setup > General settings’, ‘Screen coding sRGB (0~255)’ or ‘Screen coding video
(156~235)’, this does not affect the TLCI calculations, only the display). Each colour patch is full size for the
Reference illuminant, with the result for the Test illuminant inset centrally.
Bottom right is a plot of the spectral power distribution of the Test (in black) and Reference (in cyan) illuminants.
Both spectra are plotted to fill the space allowed.

2.1.3.1.1 The meaning of the Qa value.

The formulation for Qa was constrained to produce a value of 50
for a typical daylight fluorescent tube, and this number appears to
represent the watershed separating luminaires into those which are
correctable for television use, and those which are not. Based on
this intention, the Qa scale can be labelled in two similar ways:
1) Film-style production, where possibly different cameras,
locations and lighting need to be intercut or mixed. The scoring
was derived from subjective tests conducted in 2012 by the EBU
with professional colourists. Typically, this scale is appropriate for
drama, wildlife and any production where significant post-
processing is involved and pictures are required to match each
other well.
2) Live multi-camera production, where many cameras are used

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together without inter-cutting or mixing to different locations or lighting. The scoring was derived from further
subjective tests conducted in 2015 with television professionals. Typically, this scale is appropriate for live production
such as sport and news where pictures have no post-processing and the pictures are required only to be credible.
Note that these opinions do not form hard definitions, there is considerable overlap. This has two main causes;
opinions inevitably varied slightly, and the chosen colour-difference metric (CIEDE2000) is not perfect.

2.1.3.1.2 The meaning of the d value. 7

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The d value signifies a green/magenta shift. It is calibrated 5
in terms of the chromaticity in CIE1960 uv coordinates, the 4
distance the luminaire is from its reference. The CIE 3
2
declares that CCT calculations are unreliable when this 1
chromaticity distance is greater than 0.0054, however, this 0
does not help the user very much. It is much more useful to -1
-2
relate bit to the effect of a ‘Green shift’ filter on the -3
luminaire. -4
-5
In this graph, the magenta lines show the d shift towards -6
magenta caused by Lee CT-Green filters (+1 #244, +½ -7
#245, +¼ #246, +1/8 #278) while the green lines show the 2500 3500 4500 5500 6500 7500 8500
shift towards green caused by the others (-1 #247, -½ #248,
-¼ #249, -1/8 #279).
Subjectively, the shifting effect of a ¼ filter on D65 is just visible as a tint, and coincidentally produces a d value of
about ±1, while the effect of a 1/8 filter is difficult to see. Therefore, if the distance is greater than +½ it is shown in
green, if less than -½ it is shown in magenta, to indicate the direction of the colour shift.

2.1.3.2 EBU R137 report + save BMP file.

This draws and saves the standard report as a bitmap file. It will be in the same folder as the test file and will have the
same name but with .bmp appended.

2.1.3.3 EBU R137 report + metadata file.

This draws and saves the standard report as a bitmap file, and generates a spreadsheet file containing metadata about
the measurement. It will automatically fill in the entries if it can, and give guidance as to what goes in other cells. Both
files will be in the same folder as the test file and will have the same name but with .bmp and .xls appended. You will
be told when the files have been saved, and asked whether you want to open the .xls file. Beware that, when creating
the .xls file, you must make sure that your normal spreadsheet software is able to respond, if that software is running
and you are entering or editing a cell, it will be locked up and this program will apparently freeze. There’s nothing I
can do about this, sorry.
In this option, you can control how to generate the metadata, either I will attempt to decode the test file name to fill in
lines in the metadata file, or you can use a dialog to entire it. See Section 2.2.2 for details.

2.1.3.4 Cartwheel, Colourists Advice.

This shows numerical values for the Colourists Advice table around a circle, marked concentrically from -8 to +8 and
identifying the colour sector. Values are limited to this range. Note these are continuous values, not quantised.
Lightness is marked in white or black depending on the background, Chroma values are marked in red, Hue values
are marked in green, Note that all colour differences can be positive or negative.

2.1.3.5 Colour patches as files.

This shows the performance of the test luminaire and the reference for use in other software. It generates two files in
the same folder as the test file, and will have extra extensions added, .test.bmp and .ref.bmp. The files will have the
image dimensions of the program display.

2.1.4 CRI control dialog

A dialog opens, for you to select a text file of the spectral data for a luminaire. Although the software uses only
correctly formatted files with .lum extension, other file formats which will need to be converted for use, see Section
2.1.10. The file will be loaded and analysed immediately.

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Press file to select a file.
If the CCT cannot be found, then the ‘Now do the sums’ button will be
disabled. You can also select which colour or sub-set of colours in the test
set will be used. Note that if you do not select 1~8, then the result will be
non-standard and you will be told so.
Select what you want to do, then do it.

2.1.4.1 CRI report.

This is the standard report form for the CRI in this software.
Top left is the verdict, it shows the Test Illuminant file name, its calculated Correlated Colour Temperature and the
distance from the locus (in multiples of 0.0054 in CIE1960uv chromaticity, as recommended in CIE Tech 15.3), the
reference luminaire, and the found TLCI value for Ra on a scale from 0 (no light) to 100 (perfect). It also shows the
version of the CRI maths used for the report.
Bottom left is a cartwheel diagram of individual R values. Each colour is represented as it would appear when lit by
the white-balance colour set for TLCI calculations, usually D65. Note that colours 15 and 16 are never part of the
calculation or Ra, they are included only to show grey scale.
Top Right shows individual R results for the colours, numbered and named. Only the colours numbered in white-on-
black are included in the calculation of Ra.
Bottom right is a plot of the spectral power distribution of the Test (in black) and Reference (in cyan) illuminants.
Both spectra are plotted to fill the space allowed.

2.1.4.2 Cartwheel, Colourists Advice.

This shows results for the colour samples, graphically and numerically.

2.1.5 Metameric simulation on BMP file

This is available only if a test illuminant has been analysed for the TLCI, and if a bitmap file has previously been
loaded to the screen (and that file still exists). It is not appropriate to the TLMF
since that deals with mixed lighting within a shot or scene.
You can change the bitmap file in the usual way, and the program will attempt to
simulate the effect that the test illuminant would have had, had it illuminated the
scene of the bitmap file. This can happen in either direction, assuming that the
chosen bitmap file is the reference or test luminaire performance.
Since only the gamma-corrected R’G’B’ values are available in the file, the
simulation can only be metameric, thus colours will be distorted depending on
these signal values, and not on the reflectivities of the original scene colours. The algorithm uses a table of data,
derived during the TLCI or TLMF analysis, and interpolates modification factors depending on the hue and chroma of

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each pixel (press ‘Show me …’ to see a table of the data values). If any pixels are clipped, you will be told (it makes
sense to use a BMP image file in which there is a little headroom for raised signal levels).
Once the file has been generated, it will be flashed alternately with the original bitmap file. You can control the speed
of the flashing with the cursor keys; left/down to speed up, right/up to slow down. Press almost any other key to stop,
when the screen will stay on the performance of the test illuminant.
The new bitmap file will have been created in the same folder as loaded bitmap file, and will have the same name with
.test.bmp appended.

2.1.6 Load .bmp file to screen

A Windows standard dialog appears, for you to select a Windows bitmap file to load. Only files with .bmp extension
are allowed. The file will be loaded to the program’s window, which will be resized to fit it. If the file is wider or
taller than the screen dimensions, then it will be scaled down until it fits. Beware, scaled files may not look good,
colours may be wrong.

2.1.7 Save .bmp file of screen

A Windows standard dialog appears, for you to enter a Windows bitmap filename for saving. Only files with .bmp
extension are allowed. The saved file will be of the client area of the program’s window, everything you see except
the menu bar and the outline. This will be a normal, standard bitmap file, 8-bit 3-layer, uncompressed.

2.1.8 Colour bars

This will clear the screen of all content and draw SMPTE colour bars, including the PLUGE bars for setting black
level. If the computer is connected to a television display, then it can be set up correctly using this signal: set the
black level such that the -4% vertical bar (bottom centre-right) is just invisible but the +4% bar (to its right) is just
visible. Adjust the saturation by turning off red and green signal drives, and adjust until the horizontal partition
between the tall and short bars disappears. If the display does not have controls for turning off signal drives, a
reasonable compromise is to use a lighting gel filter to stop red and blue emission, use a ‘Congo Blue’ gel filter (from
Lee Lighting, ARRI Media, or Rosco, number 181).

2.1.9 Plot spectrum of test illuminant

If there is a test illuminant file name (first item in the setup dialog), it will be
plotted, full screen. The plot is affected by two settings in the ‘Setup > General
settings’ dialog. The background colour can be black or white, and the line can
be plotted as a continuous lie or as a histogram, each is filled below the line
with an indication of the colour at each wavelength.
Below the plot is a strip spectrum, showing the approximate intensity at each
wavelength, like looking through a spectroscope.
There will be a report of the CCT and chromaticity coordinates of the file as
well. Also, you can add the camera resonsivities to the plot, raw and matrixed, which can help to explain why some
luminaires are bad and others good. This is a toggle.

2.1.10 Convert spectroradiometric file

This is for creating a standard text file from the output of a
spectroradiometer or from any other spectral power distribution file.
You can choose file formats from the list of modules you have
included.
If, in the TLCI, TLMF or CRI dialogs, you select a file in any of
these formats, the conversion will be done there and then, but here
you have other options.
The luminaire file generated by this routine will have an extra
extension added to the source file name, thus ‘Test file.txt’ will
cause the generation of a converted file called ‘Test file.txt.lum’.
You can remove the internal extension if you wish.

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In the Action selection box, you can decide what to do with the converted file. The list includes all the options in the
TLCI and CRI dialog selections, plus plotting the file.
If you are processing a lot of files, check the ‘Keep this dialog box open’ tick-box to prevent the dialog closing each
time.
If, in the ‘Action’ list, you select ‘EBU R137 TLCI report + metadata files’, you can then check the second tick box.
This will attempt to decode the file name for lines of data to go in the xls file. See section 2.2.7 for details.

2.1.10.1 Select radiometer

Select the spectroradiometer type from the list. The recorded data values need not be at precise 5nm intervals, the
program will generate a 5nm listing using data from within ±2.5nm of each output wavelength. Values MUST scan
from not more than 380nm to not less than 760nm, an error will be reported if there is insufficient data. There can be
any number of data values per wavelength, all the values at each wavelength will be averaged to form a single value.
Values can be in standard or scientific notation, and the decimal spacer can be a dot (.) or comma (,) in all cases.
The program can cope with many formats at present, add-on modules are supplied, one for each known format. Make
sure that you have all the format converters you need; the list of currently available converters is in the file ‘TLCI-
2012 converters.pdf’.

2.1.10.2 Radiometer file

Click this to select a file to process, its name will appear in the box, you cannot edit it. The file can contain any
number of spectra, provided all the values for each wavelength are held on the same line. If there is more than one set
of spectral data, they will all be averaged into the output.

2.1.10.3 Action
Choose what to do after the conversion.

2.1.10.4 Do it
Click this to carry out the action. The conversion takes place. A file will be generated, in the same folder as the RAW
file, and with the same file name but with the extra extension ‘.lum’. The file will be analysed, chromaticity
coordinates reported together with the correlated colour temperature. You will also get a Distance value, the distance
(in units of CIE1960uv chromaticity) scaled by 0.0054 as used in CRI calculations. The maximum and minimum
values in the output file are also reported, together with a count of the number of samples falling below zero (i.e.
negative), if any. Any negative values in a file will not cause it to be rejected in the CRI and TLCI calculations, and
that any such negative values will be not be clipped at zero.
You then get whatever choice you made in the Action list.

2.1.11 Run spectroradiometer utility/Run custom utility

This item is not normally available; it will appear only if one of two utility programs which integrate with this
program is found in the same folder. The first (‘ASEQ LR1 conversion.exe’) has been superseded by a more general
utility ‘Spectroradiometer conversion.exe’. If either of these is installed in the same folder as this program, it will
appear as an option here. The newer program takes precedence. Both perform some functions on data files from the
spectroradiometer which may not be essential to the TLCI calculations and are better performed by the proprietary
software for the spectroradiometer.
There is a facility for a third utility program, ‘Custom utility.exe’. If you have it installed, a menu item will appear
from which you can run it. One such program already exists, for decoding data files from the “Lighting Passport”
spectroradiometer. It is available only on special request from me at [email protected]. Other
programs to decode other data files may become available in due time, but all will have the same file-name, so you
can have only one installed at a time. If you have one of these files, you can run it from this menu item.

2.2 Setup Menu

This menu contains items for colour analysis and control of the screen appearance. Some items are not available in
User mode and will not be described here.

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2.2.1 General settings
This sets several parameters which affect the screen
appearance but have no effect on any of the calculations.
 Screen dimensions. Set the width and height of the
image, you cannot exceed the size of the actual
screen or 1920x1440, whichever is the lower.
Press OK when done, and the screen size will be
changed and cleared to white, unless you have
already caused screen output, in which case it will
be replaced. The minimum size for sensible use is
about 712x366.
BEWARE the software has not been tested on all
versions of Windows, and it appears that Windows 8 may introduce some unwanted scaling. At present, there is
nothing I can do about that.
 Reset TLCI/TLMF standard size. The default screen size is 1424 x 732, you cannot change these values.
The values were chosen almost by accident, but all the screen output has been designed to look acceptable at
this screen size. Enlarging or shrinking the screen, particularly if the aspect ratio is changed, may still be
acceptable, but it is up to you to ensure that.
 Fix aspect ratio. This will keep the height appropriate when you change the width, the ‘normal’ aspect ratio
is 356:183, and was derived entirely accidentally, but all the display options have been optimised for this
shape.
 Screen coding. Select either sRGB or video coding. sRGB is suitable for graphics displays in which black
level is set to 0 and white to 255, while video coding (ITU 601 or 709) is correct for television displays.
This is relevant only for the on-screen showing of colours, whether colour bars or the results of system
analysis. Since the screen, and Windows bitmap files, have only 8-bit coding, only levels 0~255 are available.
Broadcast systems accord with ITU recommendations 601 (for SDTV) and 709 (for HDTV) which both
specify that black level is set to quantum level 16, and white to 235, i.e. 219 coding levels. Should any colour
excurse outside those limits they will not be clipped unless they reach 0 or 255 (i.e. peak white level is
1.091). Use this setting if the computer is feeding a television display, or if a bitmap file is to be saved for
further use in a video system.
sRGB is a graphics and multimedia standard, and applies to web video and graphics displays. Use this setting
if the computer is feeding only computer displays, and if any saved bitmap will be used in a print or graphics
environment.
 Plot spectra as lines or histograms. The software uses sampled spectral data, at 5nm intervals. The most
honest way to use this data is to show it as a histogram, with constant energy level across each 5nm band.
However it can be more pleasing to show the data as a smooth curve, although very narrow spikes may appear
to be misrepresented. It’s your choice. This applies to the report screens and file plot, not to the data plots.
 Plot spectra filled or unfilled. Filled spectra show the approximate colour at each wavelength, filling down
to the axis. This applies to the report screens and file plot, not to the data plots.
 Fix aspect ratio. The normal aspect ratio for TLCI reports is 356:183, the graphics are optimised for this
shape.
 Delete working files on exit. The program makes many files for its own use, many are data listings, you can
use these as you wish.
 Delete spd files after use. When a spectroradiometer file is converted to the TLCI lum format, an spd file is
first generated. This contains the raw data but in a standard form which can be loaded into a spreadsheet. If
you don’t need this facility, check this ox and I’ll delete them when I’m done with them.
 Use accreditation data from file. If you have received the accolade of EBU accreditation for TLCI
measurements, you will already know how to exploit this. But there may be occasions where you don’t want
to reveal that accreditation, such as when supplying a measurement to a manufacturer for use in promotional
material. In that case, uncheck this box to revert to the normal, standard display. This is a toggle, so you can
reinstate accreditation by checking the box.
This item is not available if you do not already have EBU accreditation. If you wish to have this accreditation,
contact me at [email protected] to discuss the matter.

11
  Log conversion process to file. Perhaps not the most descriptive of titles, but it works for me. Check this to
create a log file of any errors which might occur during conversion of spectroradiometer data to my lum file
format. The file is named TLCI-2012 Convert spectroradiometer to lum.log and is plain text. If it already
exists, new data will be appended to it. The file contains the internal error reporting during each conversion
process. Note that conversion to the spd format is likely to generate quite a few errors as the program tries out
each conversion routine in turn to find the one that doesn’t return an error. If you have problems with file
conversion, use this feature and send me this log file to help me in my detective work.
 MacAdam ellipse size. This is the size that MacAdam ellipses will be drawn in the chromaticity diagrams.
Conventionally the size is 10 times the actual minimum discriminable colour difference. This is also the size
of the interpolated chromaticity ellipses and the luminance jnd (Just Noticeable Difference) size ellipses.
 Program startup dialog. Select which dialog should open automatically when the program runs. You can
also select ‘None’, or ‘Last used dialog’ which will cause the program to open with the dialog last used the
previous time.

2.2.2 Metadata file settings

When you do a TLCI or TLMF calculation, you can opt to generate a metadata file and a BMP image file at the same
time. The metadata file is actually a normal text file with TAB separated variables, but has a .xls extension so that you
can easily open it in a spreadsheet.
If you check Make lines for archive and report files then I’ll generate the data lines for this measurement to go into
those metadata files as well.
The first 21 rows of the spreadsheet file contain data about
the measurement. Some is automatically filled in whatever
you do. If you have an EBU accreditation file (details not
disclosed here) some data will be extracted from that file.
This dialog allows you to enter or edit all the lines which
the program cannot guess for you. You do not have to fill
in anything at all, but any entries can be useful for future
archaeological excavations of your data archive.
If you press the ‘Guess luminaire …’ button, then the
program will immediately attempt to decode the test file
name to provide some of the data. I have adopted a
standard format for file names, and this decoding assumes
that format. The first word (text to the first space) is
assumed to be the manufacturer name. Subsequent text,
either to the end of the file name, or to the occurrence of an
opening bracket, (, is assumed to be the model name. The first word inside the brackets (if there is one) is the CCT
setting, any text after a comma within the brackets is the Level setting. Thus, the file name –
De Sisti LED Magis 55W (Daylight, max)
… would yield –
Manufacturer – De
Model – Sisti Magis 55W
CCT setting – Daylight
Level setting – max

In this example, this has obviously failed, because the manufacturer name is two words. So it will not always work
properly but you can edit the results here. Note that if the file name does not fit this standard form, then it will not
work properly if you check the option in any of the TLCI, TLMF or Convert dialogs
The date should be in the form dd/mm/yyyy or dd.mm.yyyy format for some subsequent operations to perform properly.

2.3 Utilities menu

This gives you access to many of the routines in the software, and the stored data. There are two dialogs.

2.3.1 Colorimetric utility

This dialog lets you use some of the functions and procedures in the software.
12
Select the operation from the drop-down list.
For each operation there can be a different
selection of input parameters, select from the
input list. For each combination only the
relevant input edit boxes will be available. If
you enter parameter values which would cause
problems in the calculations, you will be told
so, and the calculations will not happen.
Strictly speaking, for chromaticity conversion
and finding the correlated colour temperature
of a chromaticity pair, you do not need a
luminance value, but it is good practice to have
one anyway.
If you select the operation to be colorimetric
differences, then the right-hand panel of
parameters is used as well, to provide the
reference colour.
The results will always go to the screen, which will be cleared before use. The screen will scroll vertically if
necessary. Results can also go to a text file or to spreadsheet file (xls). However, the spreadsheet file is a simple text
file with TAB separated variables but it can be opened directly by a spreadsheet for use. If you have decided to send
results to a file, each calculation will be appended to the end of the named file.
Results are generally shown to 9 decimal place precision, but with trailing zeros suppressed. If you select a number of
decimal places (Result dp) all the results will be reported to that precision. This applies to the screen and text (txt) file,
but not to the spreadsheet file, which will have the default 9 decimal places with suppressed training zeros. All the
calculations are all done in 64-bit logic which returns about 15 decimal places. Generally, only the first 5 or 6 digits
are of use.
If you select tristimulus conversion or colorimetric differences, you can enter camera signal levels at various points in
the camera chain. These will replace input from earlier in the chain, and the colorimetric calculations will be based on
the light output from the display.

The camera and display model is the one used in the TLCI/TLMF calculations, and always uses the default parameters
for the TLCI and TLMF.
All correlated colour temperature calculations will use a data table of pre-calculated colour temperatures, and you can
control the precision of the data set. The software holds separate data sets for colour temperatures using 4 to 15
decimal places of precision. If you select output to a spreadsheet file, you will get extra data which shows how the
calculations work. The same is true for colour-difference calculations.

2.3.2 List stored data

The program holds a large amount of standard data. Some is taken from
international standards (usually the CIE); others are gathered from standard
practice in television, or from direct measurements made by me. Until now,
13
this data has been available only via EBU Tech.3355, but, for the benefit of those wishing to write their own software,
the data is here made freely available.
Select which data you want, and it will be listed to the screen; it can also go to a text file or spreadsheet file as before.
Spreadsheet files (xls) are actually plain text using TAB separation so that you can load them directly into a
spreadsheet. If you select a text or spreadsheet file, all output will go there until you exit this dialog or select a
different output.
Many of these lists are very long; you can cause the display to pause, presenting a page at a time. If you select this
option, all mouse operations will be suspended until the listing completes and the dialog returns. Proceed from page to
page by pressing any keyboard key, escape is not allowed, you must complete the listing each time.
Share and enjoy 

14
3 THE MATHEMATICS
3.1 Flow diagram of the TLCI processing

3.2 Mathematics of the Standard camera

A notional (or practical, i.e. the performance parameters could be those of a real camera) camera which ‘sees’ the test
colours lit by the Test and Reference illuminants and delivers gamma-corrected R’G’B’ signals to a practical display
and to the analysis process. Its performance parameters are defined by:
 Colorimetric analysis to determine the RcGcBc values for each colour:
760 760 760

𝑅𝐶 = ∑ 𝑅𝜆 𝑅𝜆 𝑟𝜆 𝐺𝐶 = ∑ 𝑅𝜆 𝑅𝜆 𝑔𝜆 𝐵𝐶 = ∑ 𝑅𝜆 𝑅𝜆 𝑔𝜆 [3.2𝑎. 𝑏. 𝑐]
𝜆=380 𝜆=380 𝜆=380

… where λ is the wavelength of light in nanometers (nm), Pλ is the spectral power distribution of the light
source, whether Test (supplied in a text file *.lum) or Reference (*.ref derived from internal calculations or
from a text file *.lum), Rλ is the spectral reflectance of each colour sample in turn (derived from a text file
(*.smpl), and 𝑟 𝑔 𝑏 are the responsivity curves for RGB respectively (derived from a text file *.cam).
 Followed by balancing. Balancing data (Rb, Gb, Bb) are obtained by colorimetric analysis for a flat colour
sample, i.e. with 100% reflectance at all wavelengths.
𝑅𝐶𝑏 = 𝑅𝐶 𝑅𝑏 𝐺𝐶𝑏 = 𝐺𝐶 𝐺𝑏 𝐵𝐶𝑏 = 𝐵𝐶 𝐺𝐵𝑏 [3.2𝑑. 𝑒. 𝑓]
 Followed by a linear matrix Mat() (values are derived either internally, or from a text file *.mat, or by direct
numerical entry in Engineering mode) to optimise the colour performance and deliver RGB signals:
𝑅 𝑀𝑎𝑡(0,0) 𝑀𝑎𝑡(0,1) 𝑀𝑎𝑡(0,2) 𝑅𝐶𝑏
[𝐺 ] = [𝑀𝑎𝑡(1,0) 𝑀𝑎𝑡(1,1) 𝑀𝑎𝑡(1,2)] [𝐺𝐶𝑏 ] [3.2𝑔]
𝐵 𝑀𝑎𝑡(2,0) 𝑀𝑎𝑡(2,1) 𝑀𝑎𝑡(2,2) 𝐵𝐶𝑏
Note that white balancing is applied after matrix correction but before the application of the saturation control.
The saturation control functions as a secondary matrix:
𝑅𝑠 1 − 2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑅
[𝐺𝑠 ] = [ 𝑎 1 − 2𝑎 𝑎 ] [𝐺 ] [3.2ℎ]
𝐵𝑠 𝑎 𝑎 1 − 2𝑎 𝐵
… where 𝑎 = (1 − 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛⁄100)⁄3.
 Followed by gamma correction (equations are derived from internal data, or from a text file *.gam, or by
direct numerical entry in Engineering mode). The equation can accommodate both the BBC formulae (in
15
 which an offset is applied to the input) and the alternative formula (in which an offset is applied to the output).
The offsets are needed in order to ensure that the join between the power law part of the curve and the linear
part below the break point is tangential and smooth. Beware that many of the standard equations are not ideal
in that the join is either not tangential, or monotonic, or leaves missing video levels:
𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑉, 𝑉 < 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝑉′ = { 𝑉 − 𝑏 𝐿𝑎𝑤 [3.2𝑖]
(1 + 𝑎) ( ) − 𝑎, 𝑉 ≥ 𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘
1−𝑏
The output of the ‘standard’ camera feeds the computer’s display directly, so you get to see the real colours (if the
display has the correct colorimetric properties). It also feeds the ‘standard’ display.

3.3 Mathematics of the Standard display

A notional (or practical, i.e. the performance parameters can be those of a real display, entered in Engineering mode)
display which delivers light to a colorimetric analysis. Its performance parameters are defined by:
 Applying the non-linear characteristics of the display. Only a pure power law is allowed in this simulation:
𝑅𝑑 = 𝑅′𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 𝐺𝑑 = 𝐺′𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 𝐵𝑑 = 𝐵′𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 [3.3𝑎]

… where Gamma (derived from internal data or by direct numerical entry in Engineering mode) is assumed to
be greater than 1. This does not accommodate any erroneous setting of the display (e.g. mis-set black level or
white balance) or non-conformance with a pure power law.
 Followed by colorimetric analysis to derive CIE tristimulus values for each colour as seen on the display:
𝑋 𝑋𝑌𝑍(0,0) 𝑋𝑌𝑍(0,1) 𝑋𝑌𝑍(0,2) 𝑅𝑑
[𝑌 ] = [𝑋𝑌𝑍(1,0) 𝑋𝑌𝑍(1,1) 𝑋𝑌𝑍(1,2)] [𝐺𝑑 ] [3.3𝑏]
𝑍 𝑋𝑌𝑍(2,0) 𝑋𝑌𝑍(2,1) 𝑋𝑌𝑍(2,2) 𝐵𝑑
… where the matrix XYZ() is derived by analysis of the chromaticity coordinates of the display primaries and
white point.

3.4 CIEDE2000 Colour Difference Analysis

This aims to derive a single numerical value (ΔE*) for the perceptual colour difference between the appearance of
each tests sample, when illuminated by the Test and Reference sources.
This is a refinement of CIELAB, intended to improve the correlation between the metric and human vision in the
saturated blue and near neutral colour regions.
 Calculate CIELAB values for the Test- and Reference-illuminated colour samples:

𝐿∗𝑇,𝑖 = 116𝑓(𝑌𝑇,𝑖 ⁄𝑇𝑤 ) − 16 𝐿∗𝑅,𝑖 = 116𝑓(𝑌𝑅,𝑖 ⁄𝑇𝑤 ) − 16 [3.4𝑎]

… where:

𝑣𝑎𝑟 116 2 16 24 3
( ) + , 𝑣𝑎𝑟 < ( )
𝑓 (𝑣𝑎𝑟) = 3 24 116 116 [3.4𝑏]
1⁄3
24 3
𝑣𝑎𝑟 , 𝑣𝑎𝑟 ≥ ( )
{ 116

𝑋𝑇,𝑖 𝑌𝑇,𝑖 𝑋𝑅,𝑖 𝑌𝑅,𝑖

𝑎∗𝑇,𝑖 = 500 (𝑓 ( ) − 𝑓 ( )) ∗
𝑎𝑅,𝑖 = 500 (𝑓 ( ) − 𝑓 ( )) [3.4𝑐]
𝑋𝑤 𝑌𝑤 𝑋𝑤 𝑌𝑤

∗ 𝑌𝑇,𝑖 𝑍𝑇,𝑖 ∗ 𝑌𝑅,𝑖 𝑍𝑅,𝑖

𝑏𝑇,𝑖 = 200 (𝑓 ( ) − 𝑓 ( )) 𝑏𝑅,𝑖 = 200 (𝑓 ( ) − 𝑓 ( )) [3.4𝑑]
𝑌𝑤 𝑍𝑤 𝑌𝑤 𝑍𝑤

… where the XwYwZw are the tristimulus values of the display white point.

16
 ∗ ∗
𝐶𝑇,𝑖 = √𝑎∗2 ∗2
𝑇,𝑖 + 𝑏𝑇,𝑖 𝐶𝑅,𝑖 ∗2
= √𝑎𝑅,𝑖 ∗2
+ 𝑏𝑅,𝑖 [3.4𝑒]

∗ ∗ ∗
𝐶𝑖 = (𝐶𝑇,𝑖 + 𝐶𝑅,𝑖 ) ⁄2 [3.4𝑓]

∗7
1 𝐶𝑖
𝑔𝑖 = 1 − √ ∗7 [3.4𝑔]
2 𝐶𝑖 + 257
( )
𝑎′ 𝑇,𝑖 = (1 + 𝑔𝑖 )𝑎∗𝑇,𝑖 ∗
𝑎′𝑅,𝑖 = (1 + 𝑔𝑖 )𝑎𝑅,𝑖 [3.4ℎ]

2 ∗2 2 ∗2
𝐶′ 𝑇,𝑖 = √𝑎′ 𝑇,𝑖 + 𝑏𝑇,𝑖 𝐶′𝑅,𝑖 = √𝑎′𝑅,𝑖 + 𝑏𝑅,𝑖 [3.4𝑖]

ℎ 𝑇,𝑖 = tan−1 (𝑏𝑇,𝑖

∗
⁄𝑎′𝑇,𝑖 ) ℎ𝑅,𝑖 = tan−1 (𝑏𝑅,𝑖
∗ ′
⁄𝑎𝑅,𝑖 ) [3.4𝑗]

Note that the hue, h, is measured in degrees, not radians, and that the calculations must correctly take into
account the signs of a’ and b* to assign an angle within 0~360 degrees. Next, calculate means:

𝐿′𝑖 = (𝐿∗𝑇,𝑖 + 𝐿∗𝑅,𝑖 )⁄2 [3.4𝑘]

′ ∗′
𝐶′𝑖 = (𝐶𝑇,𝑖 + 𝐶𝑅,𝑖 )⁄2 [3.4𝑙]

ℎ𝑖 = (ℎ 𝑇,𝑖 + ℎ𝑅,𝑖 )⁄2 [3.4𝑚]

∆ℎ𝑖 = ℎ 𝑇,𝑖 − ℎ𝑅,𝑖 [3.4𝑛]

Note that the hue difference, Δh*, is measured in degrees, not radians, and that the difference must lie in the range -
180~+180 degrees. If the difference lies outside this range, the 180 must be subtracted from the larger of the two hue
angles and the mean and difference recomputed.

 Calculate intermediate values for the actual colour under test.

𝑇𝑖 = 1 − 0.17 𝑐𝑜𝑠(ℎ̅𝑖 − 30) + 0.24 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2ℎ̅𝑖 ) + 0.32 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3ℎ̅𝑖 + 6) − 0.20 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4ℎ̅𝑖 − 63) [3.4𝑜]
2
0.015(𝐿′𝑖 − 50)
𝑆𝐿,𝑖 = 1 + [3.4𝑝]
2
√20 + (𝐿′𝑖 − 50)

𝑆𝐶,𝑖 = 1 + 0.045𝐶′𝑖 [3.4𝑞]

𝑆𝐻,𝑖 = 1 + 0.015𝐶′𝑖 [3.4r]

′7
𝐶𝑖
𝑅𝐶,𝑖 = 2√ ′7 [3.4𝑠]
𝐶𝑖 + 257

2
ℎ′𝑖 − 275
∆𝜃𝑇,𝑖 = 30 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− ( ) ) [3.4𝑡]
25

𝑅𝑇,𝑖 = −𝑅𝐶,𝑖 sin(2∆𝜃) [3.4𝑢]

 Calculate the resulting CIEDE2000 difference values:

∆𝐿𝑖 = 𝐿∗𝑇,𝑖 − 𝐿∗𝑅,𝑖 [3.4𝑣]

17
 ′ ′
∆𝐶𝑖 = 𝐶𝑇,𝑖 − 𝐶𝑅,𝑖 [3.4𝑤]

ℎ 𝑇,𝑖 − ℎ𝑅,𝑖
∆𝐻𝑖 = 2 sin ( ) √𝐶′ 𝑇,𝑖 . 𝐶′𝑅,𝑖 [3.4𝑥]
2

 Apply the scalers:

∆𝐿′𝑖 = ∆𝐿𝑖 ⁄𝑘𝐿 𝑆𝐿 [3.4𝑦]

∆𝐶𝑖′ = ∆𝐶𝑖 ⁄𝑘𝐶 𝑆𝐶 [3.4𝑧]

∆𝐻𝑖′ = ∆𝐻𝑖 ⁄𝑘𝐻 𝑆𝐿 [3.4𝑎𝑎]

 Calculate the resulting difference value:

∆𝐸𝑖 = √(∆𝐿𝑖 ′)2 + (∆𝐶𝑖 ′)2 + (∆𝐻𝑖 ′)2 + 𝑅𝑇,𝑖 . ∆𝐶𝑖′ . ∆𝐻𝑖 ′ [3.4𝑎𝑏]

…where the k values are weighting factors, usually unity. They can be varied to customise the metric,
affecting lightness, chroma and hue, respectively, and can be separately specified for each test colour on an
experimental basis. If they are varied from unity, then their values must be included in the name of the
system, e.g. CIEDE2000(2:1:1). For use in the TLCI-2012, all the k values are set to unity.

3.5 Derivation of TLCI-2012/TLMF-2013 Qa value

The equation which derives the output Qa value from ΔE* value is:
100
𝑄= [3.5𝑎]
∆𝐸 ∗ 𝑝
1+( )
𝑘
… which eliminates the possibility of negative values for Q, and allows a non-linear, S-shaped curve relating Q to
ΔE*. Value for both k and p are chosen to optimise the performance of the metric, k=3.16 and p=2.4. Note that the
ΔE*values for each test colour are power-averaged, to avoid losing the significance of poorly-performing colours,
thus:
18 1⁄4

𝛥𝐸𝑎∗ = (∑(𝛥𝐸𝑖∗ )4 ) [3.5𝑏]

𝑖=1

4 THE MATHEMATICS OF TRANSFORMATION

Simulation of the effect of a test illuminant uses a data table derived from the values of television signals for each of
the test and reference illuminants on each of the test colours. The simulation applies data from this table to each pixel
in the displayed image.
During the TLCI analysis, each test colour produces a set of gamma-corrected values, for both the reference and test
illuminant, R’r G’r B’r and R’t G’t B’t. Each set is coded into television signals, using the coding rules appropriate to
ITU R.709 HD):
𝑌 ′ = 𝑟𝑅 ′ + 𝑔𝐺 ′ + 𝑏𝐵′ 𝐶𝑏 = 𝑢(𝐵′ − 𝑌 ′ ) 𝐶𝑟 = 𝑣(𝑅 ′ − 𝑌 ′ ) [4𝑎]
… where the proportions r g and b depend on the coding system. Then a Hue value is derived from the two chroma
signals, using the same mathematics as in the Colourists Advice table:
0, 𝐶𝑏 = 0
𝐻𝑢𝑒 = { −1 [4𝑏]
tan (𝐶𝑟⁄𝐶𝑏) , 𝐶𝑏 ≠ 0
… and to get the hue into the correct quadrant:
If 𝐶𝑏 < 0 then add 180 to Hue
If 𝐶𝑏 > 0 then add 360 to Hue

18
… and add or subtract 360 as required to make sure the results always lies between 0 and 360. Then a Chroma
magnitude value is calculated:

𝐶 = √𝐶𝑏 2 + 𝐶𝑟 2 [4𝑐]

Finally, the ratio of the individual R G and B values (linear, not gamma-corrected) are derived:
𝑅𝑡 𝐺𝑡 𝐵𝑡
𝑥𝑅 = 𝑥𝐺 = 𝑥𝐵 = [4𝑑]
𝑅𝑟 𝐺𝑟 𝐵𝑟
The table is sorted such that the hue angle increases monotonically.
For the simulation, the bitmap file is read, pixel-by-pixel, producing digital Rd Gd Bd values. These are converted to
analogue using the coding rules selected in the File menu, e.g.:
𝑅′𝑟 = 𝑅 ′ 𝑑 /255 𝑜𝑟 𝑅 ′ 𝑟 = (𝑅 ′ 𝑑 − 16)/219 𝑒𝑡𝑐 [4𝑒]
… for sRGB or Video coding. Then these values are used in the coding equations as above to produce Y’r Cr and Huer
values.
The transformation data table is then scanned to find the first Hue entry which is less than Huet. Then there are two
entries in the table, either side of the test pixel, from which data can be interpolated using the proportion p:
𝐻𝑢𝑒𝑟 − 𝐻𝑢𝑒(𝑖)
𝑝= [4𝑓]
𝐻𝑢𝑒(𝑖 + 1) − 𝐻𝑢𝑒(𝑖)
… where the ith entry is lower and the (i+1)th entry is higher. Then a scaling factor c is derived from the Chroma
levels:
𝐶𝑟
𝑐= [4𝑔]
𝐶(𝑖)(1 − 𝑝) + 𝐶(𝑖 + 1)𝑝
Using these, the ratios xR xG and xB are modified:
𝑥𝑅𝑟 = 1 + 𝑐(𝑥𝑅(𝑖)(1 − 𝑝) + 𝑐𝑅(𝑖 + 1)𝑝 − 1) 𝑒𝑡𝑐 [4ℎ]
If the luminaire analysis was of the TLMF, then another factor is needed, to simulate the offset white balance. This is
derived from the Y and RGB signal levels (linear, not gamma-corrected) resulting from the illumination of a neutral
reflector, for the test and reference illuminant:
𝑌𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑅𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑌𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐺𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑌𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝐵𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑅𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 𝐺𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 𝐵𝑏𝑎𝑙 = [4𝑖]
𝑌𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑌𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐺𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑌𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑓
… thus, for the TLMF:
𝑌𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑅𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑥𝑅𝑟 = (1 + 𝑐(𝑥𝑅(𝑖)(1 − 𝑝) + 𝑐𝑅(𝑖 + 1)𝑝 − 1)) 𝑒𝑡𝑐 [4𝑗]
𝑌𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑓
For the processing, the input pixel values are linearised, using the value of Gamma for the system display:
𝑅 = 𝑅′𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 𝐺 = 𝐺′𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 𝐵 = 𝐵′𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 [4𝑘]
The output pixels are then calculated:
𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅𝑟 𝑥𝑅𝑟 𝐺𝑡 = 𝐺𝑟 𝑥𝐺𝑟 𝐵𝑡 = 𝐵𝑟 𝑥𝐵𝑟 [4𝑙]
… or, if the simulation is reversed (i.e. the BMP file is modified to undo the effect of the test illuminant):
𝑅𝑡 = 𝑅𝑟 /𝑥𝑅𝑟 𝐺𝑡 = 𝐺𝑟 /𝑥𝐺𝑟 𝐵𝑡 = 𝐵𝑟 /𝑥𝐵𝑟 [4𝑚]
These values are then gamma corrected using the display power law, and video coded according to the rules selected
in the File menu:
𝑅′ = 𝑅1/𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 𝐺′ = 𝐺 1/𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 𝐵′ = 𝐵1/𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 [4𝑛]
𝑅′𝑑 = 255𝑅′ 𝑜𝑟 𝑅′ 𝑑 = 16 + 219𝑅′ 𝑒𝑡𝑐 [4𝑜]
… and these values are saved in the output bitmap file.

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5 SETUP CONDITIONS
Although the software is highly flexible, for general use all the operating parameters have been fixed according to the
recommendations in EBU Recommendation 137.
Thus for each operating parameter there is a specified value:

 Test source: A measurement file of the spectral power distribution of the test source, measured from 380 to
760nm in steps of 5nm. The file must be plain text, with TAB separated values (nm TAB value) and must
have the correct identifying first line:
//Illuminant file
Note that, for TLMF calculations only, there can also be a lighting filter file. This must be of the same form,
but the identifying first line must be:
//Filter data file
… and it is the convolution of the data contents of these two files which will be used for the calculations.
 Test samples: Colorchecker chart, using only the 18 coloured patches for calculation.
 Reference source: a standard illuminant on the Planckian or Daylight locus, at the correlated colour
temperature (T) of the test illuminant. If T lies between P3400 and D5000, then the program will generate a
hypothetical reference using a linear interpolation between Daylight at 5000K and Planckian at 3400K, this
ensures that there is no discontinuity in the reference chromaticity locus, and is a reasonable way to deal with
mixed lighting.
Note that, for TLMF calculations, the reference is always a file, whether a measurement (lum) or reference
(ref) file. The camera will be white balanced to the reference, and not to the test file, to show the effect os
simultaneous use in the same scene.
 Camera curves: EBU Standard Camera 2012
 Linear matrix: optimised for these curves:
1.182 −0.209 0.027
[0.107 0.890 0.003] [5𝑎]
0.040 −0.134 1.094
 Saturation control: 90%, therefore a=0.0333…:
𝑅𝑠 0.9333 … 0.0333 … 0.0333 … 𝑅
[𝐺𝑠 ] = [0.0333 … 0.9333 … 0.0333 …] [𝐺 ] [5𝑏]
𝐵𝑠 0.0333 … 0.0333 … 0.9333 … 𝐵
 Gamma correction: ITU R. BT-709
 Display gamma: 2.4
 Display primaries: ITU R. BT-709
 Colour difference metric: CIEDE2000
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  TLCI formulation:
100
𝑄= [5𝑐]
∆𝐸 ∗ 2.4
1+( )
3.16
… where ΔE* is the value returned by the colour difference metric. k is chosen such that the Qa value for a daylight
fluorescent tube delivers a value of 50, and p is chosen to compress high and low values and expand the middle,
critical, range.

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6 LIGHTING FILTERS
The following filters are supplied as spectral data files, from data kindly supplied by LEE Lighting.

002 Rose Pink 134 Golden Amber 217 Blue Diffusion

003 Lavender Tint 135 Deep Golden Amber 218 Eighth CTB
004 Medium Bastard Amber 136 Pale Lavender 219 Lee Fluorescent Green
007 Pale Yellow 137 Special lavender 220 White Frost
008 Dark Salmon 138 Pale Green 221 Blue Frost
009 Pale Amber Gold 139 Primary Green 223 Eighth CTO
010 Medium Yellow 140 Summer Blue 224 Daylight Blue Frost
013 Straw Tint 141 Bright Blue 225 Lee ND Frost
015 Deep Straw 142 Pale Violet 226 Lee UV
017 Surprise Peach 143 Pale Navy Blue 230 Super CTN LCT Yellow
019 Fire 144 No Colour Blue 232 Super WF Green
020 Medium Amber 147 Apricot 236 HMI to Tungsten
021 Gold Amber 148 Bright Rose 237 CID to Tungsten
022 Dark Amber 151 Gold Tint 238 CSI to Tungsten
024 Scarlet 152 Pale Gold 239 Polariser
025 Sunset Red 153 Pale Salmon 241 Lee Fluorescent 5700K
026 Bright Red 154 Pale Rose 242 Lee Fluorescent 4300K
027 Medium Red 156 Chocolate 243 Lee Fluorescent 3600K
029 PLASA Red 157 Pink 244 Lee Plus Green
035 Light Pink 158 Deep Orange 245 Half Plus Green
036 Medium Pink 159 No Colour Straw 246 Quarter Plus Green
039 Pink Carnation 161 Slate Blue 247 Lee Minus Green
046 Dark Magenta 162 Bastard Amber 248 Half Minus Green
048 Rose Purple 164 Flame Red 249 Quarter Minus Green
049 Medium Purple 165 Daylight Blue 250 Half White Diffusion
052 Light Lavender 166 Pale Red 251 Quarter White Diffusion
053 Paler Lavender 169 Lilac Tint 252 Eighth White Diffusion
058 Lavender 170 Deep Lavender 253 Hampshire Frost
061 Mist Blue 172 Lagoon Blue 254 HT New Hampshire Frost
063 Pale Blue 174 Dark Steel Blue 255 Hollywood Frost
068 Sky Blue 176 Loving Amber 256 Half Hants Frost
071 Tokyo Blue 179 Chrome Orange 257 Quarter Hants Frost
075 Evening Blue 180 Dark Lavender 258 Eighth Hants Frost
079 Just Blue 181 Congo Blue 269 Lee Heat Shield
085 Deeper Blue 182 Light Red 278 Eighth Plus Green
088 Lime Green 183 Moonlight Blue 279 Eighth Minus Green
089 Moss Green 184 Cosmetic Peach 281 ThreeQuarter CTB
100 Spring Yellow 185 Cosmetic Burgundy 283 1.5 CTB
101 Yellow 186 Cosmetic Silver Rose 285 ThreeQuarter CTO
102 Light Amber 187 Cosmetic Rouge 286 1.5 CTO
103 Straw 188 Cosmetic Highlight 287 2x CTO
104 Deep Amber 189 Cosmetic Silver Moss 298 0.15 ND
105 Orange 190 Cosmetic Emerald 322 Soft Green
106 Primary Red 191 Cosmetic Aqua Blue 323 Jade
107 Light Rose 192 Flesh Pink 325 Mallard Green
108 English Rose 193 Rosy Amber 327 Forest Green
109 Light Salmon 194 Surprise Pink 328 Follies Pink
110 Middle Rose 195 Zenith Blue 332 Special Rose Pink
111 Dark Pink 197 Alice Blue 341 Plum
113 Magenta 198 Palace Blue 343 Special Med Lavender
115 Peacock Blue 200 Double CTB 344 Violet
116 Medium Blue-Green 201 Full CTB 345 Fuchsia Pink
117 Steel Blue 202 Half CTB 352 Glacier Blue
118 Light Blue 203 Quarter CTB 353 Lighter Blue
119 Dark Blue 204 Full CTO 354 Special Steel Blue
120 Deep Blue 205 Half CTO 363 Special Medium Blue
121 Lee Green 206 Quarter CTO 400 LeeLux
122 Fern Green 207 CTO+0.3ND 410 Opal Frost
124 Dark Green 208 CTO+0.6ND 416 ThreeQuarter White Diffusion
126 Mauve 209 0.3ND 420 Light Opal Frost
127 Smokey Pink 210 0.6ND 441 Full CT Straw
128 Bright Pink 211 0.9ND 442 Half CT Straw
130 Clear 212 LCT Yellow 443 Quarter CT Straw
131 Marine Blue 213 WF Green 444 Eighth CT Straw
132 Medium Blue 216 White Diffusion 450 ThreeEighth White Diffusion

452 Sixteenth White Diffusion 721 Berry Blue LED 104 Deep Amber
500 Double New Colour Blue 722 Bray Blue LED 105 Orange
501 New Colour Robertson Blue 723 Virgin Blue LED 106 Primary Red
502 Half New Colour Blue 724 Ocean Blue LED 113 Magenta
503 Quarter New Colour Blue 725 Old Steel Blue LED 115 Peacock Blue

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504 Waterfront Green 727 QFD Blue LED 116 Medium Blue-Breen
505 Sally Green 728 Steel Green LED 117 Steel Blue
506 Marlene 729 Scuba Blue LED 118 Light Blue
507 Madge 730 Liberty Green LED 119 Dark Blue
508 Midnight Maya 731 Dirty Ice Dark Version LED 126 Mauve
511 Bacon Brown 733 Damp Squib LED 128 Bright Pink
512 Amber Delight 735 Velvet Green LED 132 Medium Blue
513 Ice & a Slice 736 Twickenham Green LED 139 Primary Green
514 Double G & T 738 JAS Green LED 147 Apricot
525 Argent Blue 741 Mustard Yellow LED 158 Deep Orange
604 Full CT Eight Five 742 Bram Brown LED 164 Flame Red
LED 622 One&Eighth Digital CTO 744 Dirty White LED 180 Dark Lavender
LED 624 Full Digital CTO 746 Brown LED 181 Congo Blue
LED 626 SevenEighths Digital CTO 747 Easy White
LED 628 ThreeQuarter Digital CTO 748 Seedy Pink
642 Half Mustard Yellow 749 Hampshire Rose
643 Quarter Mustard Yellow 750 Durham Frost
650 Industry Sodium 763 Wheat
652 Urban Sodium 764 Sun Colour Straw
651 HI Sodium 765 Lee Yellow
700 Perfect Lavender 767 Oklahoma Yellow
701 Provence 768 Egg Yolk Yellow
702 Special Pale Lavender 770 Burnt Yellow
703 Cold Lavender 773 Cardbox Amber
704 Lily 774 Soft Amber Key 1
705 Lily Frost 775 Soft Amber Key 2
706 King Fals Lavender 776 Nectarine
707 Ultimate Violet 777 Rust
708 Cool Lavender 778 Millennium Gold
709 Electric Lilac 779 Bastard Pink
710 Spir Special Blue 780 AS Golden Amber
711 Cold Blue 781 Terry Red
712 Bedford Blue 787 Marius Red
713 J Winter Blue 789 Blood Red
714 Elysian Blue 790 Moroccan Pink
715 Cabana Blue 791 Moroccan Frost
716 Mikkel Blue 793 Vanity Fair
717 Shanklin Frost 794 Pretty n Pink
718 Half Shanklin Frost 795 Magical Magenta
719 Colour Wash Blue 797 Deep Purple
720 Durham Daylight Frost 798 Chrysalis Pink

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