Microprocessor

1. Write an assembly language program to transfer block of 8-bit data from one memory
location to another.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list1 db 10h,20h,30h,40h,50h
list2 db 5 dup(?)

.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov si,offset list1 ;move the offset address of list1 to si

mov di,offset list2 ;move the offset address of list2 to di
mov cx,0005h ;cx is always used as counter

again:
mov al,[si] ;mov the first element of list1 to al i.e content of ds:si
mov [di],al ;transfer the first element of list1 to list2
inc si
inc di

loop again ;auto decrements cx and the loop continues till cx=0000h

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

2. Write an assembly language program to add all the elements of list1 and store in
variable.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list1 db 10h,20h,30h,40h,50h
list2 db 5 dup(?)

.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 1
Microprocessor
mov si,offset list1 ;move the offset address of list1 to si
mov di,offset list2 ;move the offset address of list2 to di
mov cx,0004h ;cx is always used as counter

mov al,[si]
again:

inc si
add al,[si]
mov list2,al
loop again ;auto decrements cx and the loop continues till cx=0000h
mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main
3. There are two tables having ten 16-bit data in each. Write an assembly language
program to generate the third table which contains the sum of corresponding element
of 1st and 2nd table.
Solution:
title addition of two table
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
array1 dw 1111h,2222h,3333h,4444h,5555h,11h,22h,33h,44h,55h
array2 dw 1111h,2222h,3333h,4444h,5555h,55h,44h,33h,22h,11h
arraysum dw 10 dup(?)
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov cx,000ah
mov bx,0000h
start:
mov ax,array1[bx]
add ax,array2[bx]
mov arraysum[bx],ax
inc bx
inc bx
loop start

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 2
Microprocessor

4. Two tables contain ten 16-bit data each. Write an assembly language program to
generate the 3rd table which contains 1FFFh if the corresponding data in the 1st table is
less than that of 2nd table, else store 0000h.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
array1 dw 0111h,0222h,0333h,0444h,0555h,732h,22h,33h,0aaah,0bbbh
array2 dw 0222h,0111h,0132h,4444h,5555h,55h,44h,33h,22h,11h
arraysum dw 10 dup(?)

.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov cx,0ah
mov bx,00h
start:
mov dx,0000h
mov ax,array1[bx]
cmp ax,array2[bx]
jae condition ;jump if above or equal
mov dx,1fffh
condition:
mov arraysum[bx],dx
inc bx
inc bx
loop start

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

5. Write an assembly language program to find the largest number in the list of array of 5
elements.
Solution:
title find largest number
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 10h,20h,30h,40h,09h,60h
large db 00h
.code

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 3
Microprocessor
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov si,offset list

mov bl,large
mov cx,0006h
mov bl,[si]
again:

cmp bl,[si]
jnc nochange
mov bl,[si]

nochange:
inc si
loop again

mov large,bl
mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

6. Write an assembly language program to find the smallest number in the list of array of
5 elements.
Solution:
title find smallest number
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 10h,20h,30h,40h,09h,60h
small db 00h
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov si,offset list

mov bl,small
mov cx,0006h
mov bl,[si]
again:

cmp bl,[si]
jc nochange

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 4
Microprocessor
mov bl,[si]

nochange:
inc si
loop again

mov small,bl
mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

7. Write a program to generate the multiplication table of a given number.

Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 10 dup(?)
num db 03h
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov si,offset list

mov cx,0ah

mov al,num

mov bl,al

mov dl,01h

back:
mul dl
mov [si],al
inc si
inc dl
mov al,bl
loop back

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h

main endp
end main

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 5
Microprocessor
8. Write an assembly language program to arrange the given set of data in descending
order.
Solution:
title sorting numbers
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 10h,42h,11h,05h,01h,79h,34h,67h,02h,12h
.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
sort:
mov si,offset list
mov bl,00h
mov cx,000ah
back:
mov al,[si] ;get kth element
inc si
cmp al,[si] ;compare with (k+1)th element
jnc ahead ;not interchange if kth<=(k-1)th
mov dl,[si]
mov [si],al
dec si
mov [si],dl
inc si
mov bl,01 ;interchange flag =1
ahead:
loop back ;is interchange flag=1
dec bl
jz sort ;yes, do another pass

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

9. Write a program to generate the Fibonacci series up-to 10 numbers.

Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 10 dup (?)
.code
main proc

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 6
Microprocessor
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov si,offset list

mov bh,00h
mov bl,01h
mov cx,000ah

again:
mov [si],bh
add bh,bl
mov dh,bh
mov bh,bl
mov bl,dh
inc si

loop again

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h

main endp
end main
10. Write a program to generate the multiplication table of a number given by the user.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov ah,08h ;number entered by the user

int 21h

and al,0fh ;taking only LSB

mov dh,al
mov bl, 01h
mov cx,10 ;counter
again:
mov al,dh
mul bl
aam
mov bh,al

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 7
Microprocessor
cmp ah,00h ; not showing 0 in output
je label

add ah,30h ; adding 30 converts the contents of ah to decimal.

mov dl,ah
mov ah,02h
int 21h

label:
mov al,bh
add al,30h
mov dl,al
mov ah,02h
int 21h

mov dl,20h
mov ah,02h
int 21h

inc bl
loop again

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main
11. Write an assembly language program to arrange the given set of data in descending
order.
Solution:
title sorting numbers
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 10h,42h,11h,05h,01h,79h,34h,67h,02h,12h
.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
sort:
mov si,offset list
mov bl,00h
mov cx,000ah
back:
mov al,[si] ;get kth element
inc si

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 8
Microprocessor
cmp al,[si] ;compare with (k+1)th element
jnc ahead ;not interchange if kth<=(k-1)th
mov dl,[si]
mov [si],al
dec si
mov [si],dl
inc si
mov bl,01 ;interchange flag =1
ahead:
loop back ;is interchange flag=1
dec bl
jz sort ;yes, do another pass

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

12. Write a program to generate multiplication table of five numbers stored in memory as
array, store the result and display in following format
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
array db 02h,03h,04h,05h,06h
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov bx,0000h
mov cx,0005h
push cx
push bx

No_of_table:
push cx
mov al,array[bx]
and al,0fh ;taking only LSB
mov dh,al
mov bl, 01h

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 9
Microprocessor
mov cx,10 ;counter
again:
mov al,dh
mul bl
aam
mov bh,al
cmp ah,00h ; not showing 0 in output
je label

add ah,30h ; adding 30 converts the contents of ah to decimal.

mov dl,ah
mov ah,02h
int 21h

label:
mov al,bh
add al,30h
mov dl,al
mov ah,02h
int 21h

mov dl,20h
mov ah,02h
int 21h

inc bl
loop again

mov dl,0dh ;carriage return

mov ah,02h
int 21h

mov dl,0ah ;next line

mov ah,02h
int 21h

pop cx
pop bx
inc bx
push bx
loop No_of_table

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 10
Microprocessor
13. Write a program that finds the sum of the following series up-to 10th term and store the
result in a variable. Series -> 2*3+4*5+6*7+…..+ up-to 10th term.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
sum dw ?
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov cx,0ah
mov ah,00h
mov dx,00h
mov bl,03h
mov bh,02h

again:
mov al,bh
mul bl
add dx,ax

add bl,02
add bh,02
loop again

mov sum,dx

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h

main endp
end main

14. Write an Assembly language program to print the given line word wise into next line.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data

string db 'I would love to program in 8086 assembly language$'

;count dw $-string
.code
main proc

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 11
Microprocessor
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

lea si,string
again:
mov dl,[si]
cmp dl,'$'
jz finish
cmp dl,32
jz nextline
jmp print
nextline:
mov dl,0dh
mov ah,02h
int 21h
mov dl,0ah
mov ah,02h
int 21h
print:
inc si
mov ah,02h
int 21h

jmp again

finish:
mov ah,4ch
int 21h
main endp
end main

15. Write a program to convert from lowercase to uppercase entered by the user.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
string db ''
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov di,offset string
a1:

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 12
Microprocessor
mov ah,08h ; reading character without echo
int 21h
cmp al,0dh
je a3
cmp al,'a'
jb a2
cmp al,'z'
ja a2
sub al,32
a2:
mov ah,02h
mov dl,al
int 21h
mov [di],al
inc di
jmp a1
a3:
inc di
mov dl,'$'
mov [di],dl
mov dx,offset string
mov ah,09h
int 21h
mov ah,4ch
int 21h
main endp
end main

16. Write a program to count the number of vowel in given sentence.

Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
list db 'the quick brown fox jumped over lazy sleeping dog'
len dw $-list
vow db ?
.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov si,offset list
mov cx,len
mov ch,00h
mov bl,00
back:
cmp [si],'a'

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 13
Microprocessor
jb vowel
cmp [si],'z'
ja vowel
vowel:
cmp [si],'a'
jnz a3
inc bl
jmp a2
a3:
cmp [si],'e'
jnz a4
inc bl
jmp a2
a4:
cmp [si],'i'
jnz a5
inc bl
jmp a2
a5:
cmp [si],'o'
jnz a6
inc bl
jmp a2
a6:
cmp [si],'u'
jnz a2
inc bl
a2:
inc si
loop back
mov vow,bl

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h
main endp
end main

17. Write a program in 8086 to read a string and count the number of vowels, consonants,
numerals and other characters and display the count.
Solution:
title counting different elements in a sentence
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
vowels db 00h
consonents db 00h

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 14
Microprocessor
numbers db 00h
others db 00h

para label byte

ml db 45h
len db ?
msg db 45 dup(?)

.code
main proc far
mov ax,@data ;initializing data segment
mov ds,ax

mov ah,0ah ;taking input from user

mov dx,offset para
int 21h

mov ch,00h
mov cl,len ;count of the input string
mov si,offset msg
again:
cmp [si],'A' ;compare input character with 'A'
jb number ;if it is below A, jump to number

cmp [si],'Z' ;else compare it with 'Z'

ja comp ;if it is above A, jump to comp

add [si],20h ;if it is between A and Z, convert it to

small letters
comp:
cmp [si],'a' ;compare it with 'a'
jb number ;if it is below a, jump to number
cmp [si],'z' ;else compare it with 'z'
ja number ;if it is above z, jump to number
cmp [si],'a' ;if it is between 'a' and 'z', check if
it is a vowel and jump to inc_vowels
je inc_vowels:
cmp [si],'e'
je inc_vowels:
cmp [si],'i'
je inc_vowels:
cmp [si],'o'
je inc_vowels:
cmp [si],'u'
je inc_vowels:

inc consonents ;if not a vowel, increment count of

consonents
jmp update ;jump to update to take next character
Compiled by Sudeep Shakya
Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 15
Microprocessor
inc_vowels:
inc vowels ;increment vowel counter
jmp update ;jump to update to take next character

number:
cmp [si],'0' ;check if it is a number, if not jump to
inc_others
jb inc_others
cmp [si],'9'
ja inc_others

inc numbers ;if it is a number, increment the number

counter
jmp update ;jump to update to take next character

inc_others:
inc others ;increment other counter

update:
inc si
loop again

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h

main endp
end main

18. Write a program to scroll the text from right to left.

Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
msg db 'I am scrolling... and its fun $'
len dw $-msg
.code
main proc

mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax
mov ah,00 ;defining vedio mode
mov al,03 ;80*25
int 10h

mov cx,80-len ;value need to scroll(move) from right to left

mov bl,cl

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 16
Microprocessor
again:

mov ah,02 ;setting cursor position

mov dh,12 ;row 12th
mov dl,bl ;variable column (decreasing fashion)
int 10h

mov ah,09 ;displaying the messege

lea dx,msg
int 21h

dec bl

mov bh,00h
mov ah,06h ;clearing the window
mov al,00
int 10h

loop again

mov ax,4c00h
int 21h

main endp
end main

19. Write an assembly language program to take name and address from the user and
display at the center of the screen.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h

new_line macro ;macro definition

mov ah,02h
mov dl,0ah
int 21h

mov ah,02h
mov dl,0dh
int 21h
endm

.data
paralist1 label byte ;Giving 1st byte the Label 'paralist1'

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 17
Microprocessor
max1 db 20
act1 db ?
name1 db 20 dup(0),'$'

paralist2 label byte

max2 db 20
act2 db ?
address db 20 dup(0),'$'
.code
main proc

mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov ah,0ah
lea dx, paralist1
int 21h
new_line ;macro

mov ah,0ah
lea dx, paralist2
int 21h

mov ah,02
mov dh,12
mov dl,40
int 10h

mov ah,09
mov dx,offset name1
int 21h

mov ah,02
mov dh,13
mov dl,40
int 10h

mov ah,09
lea dx,address
int 21h

main endp
end main

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 18
Microprocessor
20. Write a program to display your name at center of the screen with green background
and red foreground.
Solution:
.model small
.stack 100h
.data
paralist1 label byte ;Giving 1st byte the Label 'paralist1'
max1 db 20
act1 db ?
name1 db 20 dup(0),'$'
.code
main proc
mov ax,@data
mov ds,ax

mov ah,0ah
lea dx, paralist1
int 21h

lea si,name1
mov ah,02
mov dh,12
mov dl,40
int 10h
again:
mov ah,02
int 10h

mov ah,09
mov al,[si]
cmp al,0dh ;comparing the character with 'enter' key.
je finish
mov bl,2ch ;green background and red foreground
inc si ;getting next character
inc dx ;next colum of screen
mov cx,1h ;number of times the character is to display
int 10h
jmp again

finish:
mov ah,4ch
int 21h
main endp
end main

Compiled by Sudeep Shakya

Deputy Head
Kathmandu Engineering College Page 19