CCE20003

CCE20003 PROGRAMMING I HGU

Lecture 13

Spring 2015

ICT Convergence Division

School of Creative Convergence Education
Handong Global University
OUTLINES CCE20003
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Dictionaries
Named parameters
Files
Formatting
String methods

Reading assignment:
Chapter 13 of the textbook
Sections 14.1~14.5 in Chapter 14 of the textbook
DICTIONARIES CCE20003
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Given the name of a country(key), how can we know the
medal information of this country(value)?

Use a dictionary!

A dictionary is a collection of items( or elements). It is an

object of type dict. Every item(or element) of a dictionary
consists of a key and a value. The key is a value of any im
mutable type and used as an index of the item.
 CCE20003
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medals = {}
medals = {“United States”: (46, 29, 29), “China”: (38, 27, 2
3), “Great Britain”:(29, 17, 19), ... , “Australia”: (7, 16, 12)}

>>>medals[“United States”]
(46, 29, 29)
>>>medals[“Rep. of Korea”]
(13, 8, 7)

>>>medals[1]
KeyError: 1
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Creating a dictionary
txt = (“one”, “two”, “three”, “four”, “five”)
num = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
dict1 = {}
for i in range(len(txt)):
dict1[txt[i]] = num[i]
print dict1

{'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one': 1}

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Search and change
>>>dict1 = {“four”:4, “three”:3, “five”: 5, ”two”:2,
“one”:1}
>>>dict1[“three”]
3
>>>dict1[“five”]
5
>>>dict1[“one”] = “nice”
>>>dict1
{'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one': ‘nice’}
>>>dict1[“one”] = 1
>>>dict1
{'four': 4, 'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one': 1}
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Add and remove
>>>dict1[“nine”] = 9
>>>dict1
{'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'four': 4, 'nine': 9, 'five': 5}
>>>dict1.pop[“nine”]
>>>dict1
{'three': 3, 'one': 1, 'four': 4, 'five': 5}
 CCE20003
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Traversing a dictionary
>>>dict1={'four': 4,'three': 3, 'five': 5, 'two': 2, 'one': 1}
>>>for key in dict1:
print key, dict1[key]

four 4
one 1
five 5
three 3
two 2
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Converting to a list

>>>dict1 = {“four”: 4, “three”: 3, “five”: 5, “two”: 2, “one”: 1}

>>>lst = dict1.items()
>>>lst
[('four', 4), ('one', 1), ('five', 5), ('three', 3), ('two', 2)]
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Case study

Given a string, count the number of every character that

appears in it, using a dictionary.

stg = “maintain”

m a i n t
1 2 2 2 1
 CCE20003
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stg = “maintain”
count = {}
For c in stg:
if c in count:
count[c] += 1
else:
count[c] = 1
print count

{'a': 2, 'i': 2, 'm': 1, 't': 1, 'n': 2}

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Now we are to invert the dictionary. In other words, we want to use th
e frequencies as keys.:
{ 1: [“m”. “t”], 2: [a”, “i”, “n”]}

count = {'a': 2, 'i': 2, 'm': 1, 't': 1, 'n': 2}

inverse = {}
for c in count:
frequency = count[c]
if frequency in inverse:
inverse[frequency].append(c)
else:
inverse[frequency] = [c]
print inverse

{1: ['m', 't'], 2: ['a', 'i', 'n']}

NAMED PAREMETERS CCE20003
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In general, there is a positional correspondence between
parameters and arguments: Arguments are mapped to
parameters one-by-one and left-to-right.

def create_sun(radius, color):

sun = Circle(radius)
sun.setFillColor(color)
radius 30
sun.setBorderColor(color) color “yellow”
sun.moveTo(100, 100)
return sun
create_sun(30, “yellow”)
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Default parameters
def create_sun(radius = 30, color = “yellow”):
sun = Circle(radius)
sun.setFillColor(color)
sun.setBorderColor(color)
sun.moveTo(100, 100)
return sun
sun = create_sun()
star = create_sun(2) OK !
moon = create_sun(28, “red”)
moon =create_sun(“red”) Wrong !
 CCE20003
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By using the names of parameters in a function call, the
order of arguments does not matter.

moon = create_sun(color = “red”)

moon = create_sun(color = “red”, radius = 28)

moon = create_sun(color = “red”, 28) Wrong!

FILES CCE20003
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Creating a file
f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", “w")
for i in range(8): Mercury
planet = raw_input (“Enter a planet”) Venus
f.write(planet + “\n”) Earth
Mars
f.close() Jupiter
Saturn
f.writelines((“Mercury\n”, “Venus\n”, … , Uranus
“Neptune”)) Neptune
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Reading from a file
>>> f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", "r")
>>> s = f.readline()
f is an object
>>> s, len(s)
of type file!
('Mercury\n', 8)

line separator
How to get rid of white space?
>>>s.strip(), len(s.strip())
(‘Mercury’, 7)
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Reading the entire file with a single statement

>>>f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", "r")

>>>f.readlines()
['Venus\n', 'Earth\n', 'Mars\n', 'Jupiter\n', 'Saturn
\n', ‘Uranus\n', 'Neptune\n']

We obtain a list with white space appearing again!

 CCE20003
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Reading the entire file line by line
f = open("cce20003/planets.txt", "r")
for line in f: for-loop with the file object f
s = line.strip() calls readline()
automatically at each
print s, iteration and stops after reading
f.close() the last line of the file.

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Uranus Neptune

You may also use rstrip. Why?

 CCE20003
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Finding the line containing “Earth”

f = open(“cce20003/planets.txt”, “r”)
count = 0
in_file = False Apply lower()
for line in f: to
count += 1 line.strip().
if line.strip().lower() == “earth”
in_file = True
break Get out of the
if in_file: loop.
print “Earth is in line”, str(count) + “.”
 CCE20003
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Appending a line

>>>f = open(“cce20003/planets.txt”, “a”)

>>>f.write(“ Pluto\n”)

What if we use “w” instead of “a” ?

FORMATTING CCE20003
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Format string

lst = [(“Smith Young”, 1000), (“S. Joseph”, 100000),

( “Y. Kim”, 500), (“James Brown, 10000”)]
for name, money in lst:
print name, money

Smith Young 1000 Smith Young

S. Joseph 100000 1000
Y. Kim 500 S. Joseph
James Brown 10000 100000
Y. Kim 500
James Brown
10000
 CCE20003
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Smith Young 1000

S. Joseph 100000
Y. Kim 500
James Brown 10000
11 2 6

………………………
for name, money in lst:
print “%-11s %6d” % (name, money)
2 spaces
left-aligned
 CCE20003
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x1 = raw_input(“x1 = “) “60”
x2 = raw_input(“x2 = “) “150”
val = int(x1) + int(x2) 210
print str(val) + “ is “ + x1 + “ + “ + x2
210 is 60 + 150
val x1 x2
print “%d is %s + %s”% (val, x1, x2)

place holders
 CCE20003
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Format operators
format string % (arg0, arg1, …..)
Every element in the tuple has its corresponding place ho
lder in the format string.

Place holders
%d integers in decimal
%s strings
%g floats
%f floats

%.5g # of significant digits is 5

%.5f # of digit after the decimal
point
 CCE20003
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Field width:
>>>”%8.3f %8.3g” % ( 123.456789, 123.456789)
' 123.457 123'
>>>name = “Joseph S. Shin”
>>>amount = 100000
>>>“%20s spent % 10d for shopping.” % (name, amount)
' Joseph S. Shin spent 100000 for shopping.'
>>>“%-20s spent % -10d for shopping.” % (name, amount)
'Joseph S. Shin spent 100000 for shopping.‘
>>>”My name is %-15s .” % name
STRING METHODS CCE20003
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A string is an immutable sequence of characters.

in operator
>>>”abc” in “01234abcdefg”
True
>>>”fgh” in “01234abceefg”
False
A bit different from
the usage for tuples
& lists
 CCE20003
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String objects have many useful methods:

- upper(), lower(), and capitalize()

- isalpha() and isdigit()
- startswith(prefix) and endswith(suffix)
- find(str), find(str, start), and find(str, start, end)
(return -1 if str is not in the string )
- replace(str1, str2)
- rstrip(), lstrip() and strip() to remove
white space on the right, left, or both ends.
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>>> "joseph is My name".capitalize()

'Joseph is my name‘
>>>”12345”.isdigit()
True
>>>”This book is mine”.startswith(”this”)
False
>>>”This book is mine”.find(“book”)
5
>>>”This book is mine. That is also mine”.replace(“mine”, “yours”)
'This book is yours. That is also yours'
 CCE20003
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String methods for converting between list and string
split() to split with white space as separator
split(sep) to split with a given separator sep
join(lt) to create a string by concatenating its
elements
>>> "I like\rthis\ncourse\tvery much.".split()
['I', 'like', 'this', 'course', 'very', 'much.']
>>>lt = ['I', 'like', 'this', 'course', 'very',
'much.']
>>>” “.join(lt)
‘I like this course very much.’