SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Practical Research 1

Module 4: Understanding and Collecting Data

Senior High School

Division of Bohol
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines
Practical Research 1 – Grade 11/12

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Alternative Delivery Mode: Quarter 2 – Module 4: Understanding and Collecting
Data

First Edition 2020

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 Practical Research 1
Module 4:
Understanding and Collecting Data

This learning material was conspired and materialized by the

selected senior high school teachers of Bohol Division who are
teaching the subject and reviewed by the Technical Working Group
(TWG) from the department and quality assured by the division. We
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Division of Bohol

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

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 INTRODUCTORY MESSAGE

This module aims to provide step by step information about effective ways of
organizing and analyzing qualitative data. A lot of data from different sources bother
your mind as you go through several stages of research. To understand the data is
to analyze its meaning through following series of steps. A set of data arrangement
and procedures must be present in research. In qualitative research, you will deal
with different types of qualitative analysis and its general steps.

This module is expected to deepen your knowledge on the procedures in

conducting your qualitative data analysis. This helps you to understand the basic
concepts on the effective ways of organizing, managing and analyzing data.

Specifically, this module consists of the following lessons:

• Lesson 1- Qualitative Data Analysis

GENERAL INSTRUCTION

For the learners: For the teacher:

To be guided in achieving To facilitate and ensure the

the objectives of this module, do students’ learning from this
the following: module, you are encouraged to do
1. Read and follow instructions the following:
carefully. 1. Clearly communicate learning
2. Answer the pretest before going competencies and objectives
through the lessons. 2. Motivate through applications
3. Take note and record points for and connections to real life.
clarification. 3. Give applications of the theory
4. Compare your answers against 4. Discuss worked-out examples
the key to answers found at the 5. Give time for hands-on
end of the module. unguided classroom work and
5. Do the activities and fully discovery
understand each lesson. 6. Use formative assessment to
6. Answer the self-check to give feedback
monitor what you learned in each 7. Introduce extensions or
lesson. generalizations of concepts
7. Answer the posttest after you 8. Engage in reflection questions
have gone over all the lessons. 9. Encourage analysis through
8. Write your answers in a higher order thinking prompts
separate sheet. 10. Provide alternative formats for
student work

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 Lesso QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
n
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WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Qualitative data analysis (QDA) is the range of processes and

procedures whereby we move from the qualitative data that have been collected,
into some forms of explanation, understanding, or interpretation of the people and
situations we are investigating. QDA is usually based on interpretative philosophy.
The idea is to examine the meaningful and symbolic content of qualitative data.

In this lesson, you will be able to:

1. identify the types and steps of Qualitative Data Analysis;
2. differentiate the types of qualitative data analysis; and,
3. discuss the significance of data analysis in a qualitative research.

WHAT I KNOW
Pretest

Directions: Identify whether the statement is True or False. Write your

answer in a separate sheet.

________1. Code can be a word or a short phrase that represents a theme or an

idea.

________2. Analytical and critical thinking skills do not play significant role in data
analysis in qualitative studies.

________3. Coding is one of the common terms used in qualitative data analysis.

________4. You need to read your data, probably several times, to get a sense of
what it contains.

________5. Narrative analysis is the revision of primary qualitative data.

WHAT’S IN
Recapitulation

In the previous lesson, you have learned that planning data collection and
gathering instruments include the use of interviews, survey, audio-visual resources
such as recording, tapes or cassettes. The instruments used are different from
quantitative data where in qualitative research, words are being used to describe a
particular phenomenon or event based on the study. The research design is more on
descriptive rather than numerical.

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 What’s New
Motivational Activity

Directions: Arrange the jumbled letters to form word/s related to qualitative

data analysis. Write your answers on a separate sheet.

1. T E N T O C N ______________________

2. R A T I V E N A R ____________________

3. C U O R S E S I D _______________________

4. R G U O N D E D H T O E R Y ______________

5. W O K R F M R A E ______________________

WHAT IS IT
Concept Notes

Qualitative Data Analysis can be divided into five categories:

1. Content Analysis. This refers to the process of categorizing verbal or
behavioural data to classify, summarize and tabulate data.
Example: Responses on Student Behavior’s in this New Normal Education
2. Narrative Analysis. This method involves the reformulation of stories presented
by respondents taking into account context of each case and different experiences
of each respondent. In other words, narrative analysis is the revision of primary
qualitative data by researcher.
Example: biography or autobiography, personal experiences
3. Discourse Analysis. This is the method of analysis of naturally occurring talk
and all types of written texts.
Example: Political or historical trends or a group setting, President SONA,
Public Speeches
4. Framework Analysis. This is more advanced method that consists of several
stages such as familiarization, identifying a thematic framework, coding, charting,
mapping and interpretation.
5. Grounded Theory. This method of qualitative data analysis starts with a single
case to formulate a theory. Then, additional cases are examined to see if they
contribute to the theory.
Example: If you want to know the reasons why there are more Filipinos
addicted to Korean dramas.

Qualitative data analysis can be conducted through the following steps:

1. Prepare and organize the data. Print your transcripts, gather your notes,
documents or other materials.
2. Review and explore the data. This will require you to read your data, probably
several times, to get a sense of what it contains.

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3. Develop and Apply Codes. Coding can be explained as categorization of data.
A code can be a word or a short phrase that represents a theme or an idea. All
codes need to be assigned meaningful titles. A good way to do this is to create a
simple table outlining what each code is and what it covers.
4. Identify themes, patterns and relationships. Analytical and critical thinking
skills plays significant role in data analysis in qualitative studies. Some techniques in
identifying themes/patterns are repetitions of data responses such as the words or
phrases, missing information and metaphors, and analogues.
5. Summarize the data. At this stage, you need to link research findings to
hypotheses or research aims and objectives.
* It is important to note that the process of qualitative data analysis is basically
general and different types of qualitative studies may require different methods of
data analysis.

WHAT YOU WILL DO

Activity

Activity 1.1

Directions: Based on the given steps in conducting qualitative analysis,

identify what specific step or procedure is being asked for. Write your answers in
a separate sheet.

1. This will require you to read your data, probably several times, to get a sense
of what it contains.
2. At this stage, you need to link research findings to hypotheses or research
aims and objectives.
3. Analytical and critical thinking skills plays significant role in data analysis in
qualitative studies.
4. Print your transcripts, gather your notes, documents or other materials.
5. A good way to do this is to create a simple table outlining what each code is
and what it covers.

WHAT’S MORE
Enrichment

Activity 1.2
WHAT Y WILL DO
Directions: In a separate sheet, identify what type of qualitative analysis is
meant by the following keywords:

1. Talk and all written texts _______________________________________

2. Personal Account
_______________________________________
3. Single case to form a theory _______________________________________
4. Verbal or behavioral data _______________________________________
5. Consists of several stages _______________________________________

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

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 Generalization
Activity 1.3
Directions: From the given concepts, differentiate the following qualitative
data analysis using your own words. Use a separate sheet for your answers.

1. Content Analysis ________________________________________________________

Narrative Analysis ________________________________________________________

2. Discourse Analysis ________________________________________________________

Framework Analysis_______________________________________________________

WHAT I CAN DO
Application

Activity 1.4
Directions: Briefly discuss the importance of data analysis in a qualitative
research. Use a separate sheet.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____.

ASSESSMENT
Posttest
Directions: Identify what specific type of qualitative analysis is being indicated in
the following statements. Write your answers in a separate sheet.
_________________________1. It is the method of analysis of naturally occurring talk
and all types of written texts.
_________________________2. This is more advanced method that consists of several
stages such as familiarization, identifying a thematic
framework, coding, charting mapping and interpretation.
_________________________3. This method involves the reformulation of stories
presented by respondents taking into account context of
each case.
_________________________4. This refers to the process of categorizing verbal or
behavioural data to classify, summarize and tabulate data.
_________________________5. This method of qualitative data analysis starts with an
analysis of a single case to formulate a theory.

References:

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Cristobal, Amadeo Pangilinan Jr. and Maura Consolacion De La Cruz-Cristobal. 2017.
Practical Research 1 for Senior High School. Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Esther L. Baraceros. 2016. Practical Research 1. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

Miles MB and Huberman AM. 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis. London Sage
Publications.

Meligrito, Ma.Lourdes. Applied Research: Introduction to Qualitative Research.

Manila: Phoenix Publishing House

Sunday, Christopher E. Qualitative Data Analysis.University of Western Cape.

Retrieved from Tilahum Nigata, Monash University

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 Key Answers:

Motivational Activity
1.Content
2.Narrative
3.Discourse
4.Grounded Theory
5.Framework

Activity 1.1
1. Review and explore data
2. Summarize the data
3. Identify themes, patterns and relationships
4. Prepare and organize the data
5. Develop and apply codes

Activity 1.2
1.Discourse Analysis
2.Narrative Analysis
3.Grounded Theory
4.Content Analysis
5.Framework Analysis

Activity 1.3

Answers may vary.

Activity 1.4

Answers may vary.

Activity 1.5
Scoring Rubric

Outstanding Satisfactory Needs Unsatisfactory

Criteria Improvement
4 3 2 1

Content and -Content is -Content is -Content is not -Content is

Development comprehensive, accurate and comprehensive and/ incomplete.
accurate and persuasive. or persuasive -Major points are
(Validity of persuasive. -Major points -Major points are not clear
inferences or claims, -Major points are are stated. addressed, but not -Specific examples
analysis and stated clearly and -Responses are well supported. are not used.
evidences) are well adequate and -Responses are
supported. address topic. inadequate or do not
-Responses are address topic.
excellent, timely
and address topic.
-Content is clear
Organization and -Structure of the -Structure is -Structure of the -Organization and
Structure paper is clear and mostly clear paper is not easy to structure take away
easy to follow. and easy to follow. from the message
-Transitions are follow. -Transitions need
logical and -Transitions are improvement.
maintain the flow present. -Conclusion is
of thought -Conclusion is missing, or if
throughout the logical. provided, does not
paper. flow from the body of
-Conclusion is the text.
logical and flows
from the body of
the text

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 Grammar, -Rules of -Rules of -Paper contains few -Paper contains
Punctuation and grammar, usage grammar, grammatical, numerous
Spelling and punctuations usage and punctuation and grammatical,
are followed; punctua-tions spelling error. punctuations and
spelling is correct are followed spelling errors.
with minor
errors.
-Spelling is
correct

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