2-2 Bar Graphs and Line Graphs

MAIN IDEA
Display and analyze ANIMALS The table
data using bar graphs lists different animal
and line graphs. species and how
U.S. Endangered Species
many of each type
IN Academic Standards Species Frequency
are endangered.
amphibians 13
6.4.2 Choose the 1. Which species has
appropriate display for birds 76
a single variable set of the most endangered
fish 74
data from bar graphs, animals?
line graphs, circle mammals 69
graphs and stem-and- 2. Which species has
reptiles 14
leaf plots. Justify the the least endangered
choice of data display. Source: Fish and Wildlife Service
Also addresses P.5.1, animals?
P.5.2.
3. What might be an advantage to organizing data in
New Vocabulary a table?
data 4. Are there any disadvantages to organizing data in
graph a table?
bar graph
scale
vertical axis
interval
horizontal axis
Data are pieces of information that are often numerical. Data are
frequency often shown in a table. A graph is a more visual way to display data.
line graph A bar graph is used to compare categories of data.

IN Math Online
The scale is U.S. Endangered Species
glencoe.com written on the
vertical axis. It 80
• Extra Examples includes the least
• Personal Tutor 70
number, 13, and
• Self-Check Quiz 60
the greatest
Frequency

• Reading in the Content Area number, 76. 50

40
30
20
The scale is 10
separated into 0
equal parts called The categories are
s

ds

als

s
an

ile
Fis
Bir

intervals. On this written on the

pt
ibi

Re
ph

scale, the interval horizontal axis.

Ma
Am

is 10.
Species

The height of each bar represents the frequency of each category

of data. The frequency is the number of times an item occurs. For
example, the frequency of endangered birds in the United States
is 76.

Lesson 2-2 Bar Graphs and Line Graphs 81

 Analyze a Bar Graph
1 COMMUNICATION Make a bar graph of the Preferred Form of
data. Then compare the number of students Communication
who prefer e-mail to the number of E-mail 10
students who prefer text message. Phone 12
Bar Graphs The graph Step 1 Decide on the scale and the interval. Text Message 4
shown in Example 1 is
called a vertical bar graph. The data include numbers from Instant Message 2
Bar graphs can also be 2 to 12. So, a scale from
horizontal, with the 0 to 14 and an interval Preferred Form of Communication
categories written on the 14
of 2 are reasonable.

Number of Students
horizontal axis and the 12
scale on the vertical axis. 10
For horizontal bar graphs, Step 2 Label the horizontal and 8
the length of each bar and vertical axes. 6
represents the category’s 4
frequency. Step 3 Draw bars for each form 2
of communication. The 0

ssa ext

ssa nt
ail

on
height of each bar shows

ge

ge
Me Insta
E-m

T
Ph

Me
the number of students.
Communication
Step 4 Label the graph with a title.
The height of the bar for e-mail is about twice as tall as the one for
text message. So, about twice as many students prefer e-mail than
text message.

Favorite Ice Cream Flavor

Flavor Frequency
a. ICE CREAM Make a bar graph of
chocolate 12
the data. Compare the number of
chocolate chip 7
students who chose chocolate to the
strawberry 4
number who chose strawberry.
vanilla 9

Another type of graph is a line graph. A line graph is used to show

how a set of data changes over a period of time. By observing the
upward or downward slant of the lines connecting the points, you
can describe trends in the data.

Endangered U.S. Mammals

Scale: 0–70 70 Each frequency is
Interval: 5 65 shown using a point.
60
Number of Species

55

50

45

40

35

30

0
0

5
8

0
19

19

19

19

20

20

Year

Source: Fish and Wildlife Service

82 Chapter 2 Statistics and Graphs

 Analyze a Line Graph
2 POPULATION Make a line graph of the data at the left. Describe
the change in Earth’s population from 1750 to 2000.
Step 1 The data include numbers Earth’s Population,
from 790 million to 1750–2000
10,000
6,080 million. So, a scale 9,000
from 0 to 10,000 million 8,000

Population (millions)
and an interval of 7,000

Real-World Link
1,000 million are 6,000

reasonable. 5,000

4,000
Earth’s Population
Step 2 Label the horizontal and 3,000
Population
Year vertical axes. 2,000
(millions)
1,000
1750 790 Step 3 Draw and connect the
0
points for each year.

50

00

50

00

50

00
1800 980

17

18

18

19

19

20
1850 1,260 Step 4 Label the graph with a title. Year

1900 1,650 Earth’s population has increased

1950 2,555 drastically from 1750 to 2000.
2000 6,080
Source: United Nations and U.S. Census
Bureau

b. FARMING Make a line graph of the data. Describe the change in

the number of North Carolina farms from 2001 to 2005.

North Carolina Farms

Year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Number of Farms 55,600 54,200 53,800 52,000 50,000

Examples 1, 2 1. ROLLER COASTERS Make a bar 2. MONEY Make a line graph of the
(pp. 82, 83) graph of the data. How do the data. Then describe the change in
number of steel coasters and the total amount Felisa saved from
wood coasters compare? Week 1 to Week 5.

Types of Roller Coasters in Felisa’s Savings

the United States
Total
Type Frequency Week
Amount ($)
steel 516 1 50
wood 112 2 54
inverted 43 3 75
stand up 8 4 98
suspended 7 5 100
bobsled 4
Source: Roller Coaster Database

Lesson 2-2 Bar Graphs and Line Graphs 83

 2-3 Interpret Line Graphs

MAIN IDEA
Interpret line graphs. GOLF Analyze the table. Money Won by Masters
Tournament Winners,
1. Describe the trends in
2002–2007
IN Academic Standards the winning amounts.
Year Amount ($)
6.4.2 Choose the 2. Predict how much the
appropriate display for
2002 1,000,000
2008 winner received. 2003 1,080,000
a single variable set of
data from bar graphs, Research and compare 2004 1,125,000
line graphs, circle to the actual 2008 amount. 2005 1,170,000
graphs and stem-and-
leaf plots. Justify the 3. The Masters Tournament is 2006 1,225,000
choice of data display. 2007 1,305,000
Also addresses P.5.1,
held once a year. If a line
Source: Professional Golf Association
P.5.2. graph is made of these data,
will there be any realistic
IN Math Online data values between years? Explain.

glencoe.com
• Extra Examples
• Personal Tutor Line graphs are often used to predict future events because they
• Self-Check Quiz show trends over time.

Interpret Line Graphs

1 GOLF The data given in the table above are shown in the line
graph below. Describe the trend. Then predict how much the
2010 Masters Tournament winner will receive.

Money Won by Masters

Tournament Winners

1,600,000
1,500,000
1,400,000
Money Won ($)

1,300,000
1,200,000
1,100,000
Broken Line Graphs
In Example 1, the points are 1,000,000
connected by a dotted line 900,000
because there are no
realistic data values 0 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10
between years.
Year

Notice that the increase is fairly steady. By extending the graph,

you can predict that the winner of the 2010 Masters Tournament
will receive about $1,500,000.

88 Chapter 2 Statistics and Graphs

 2 SKATEBOARDING What does the graph tell you about the
popularity of skateboarding?

Skateboard Sales at SportsCo

300
250

Number Sold
200
150
100
0
’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06
Year

The graph shows that skateboard sales have been increasing each
year. You can assume that the popularity of the sport is increasing.

ELECTRONICS The graph shows the Factory Sales of VCRs

factory sales of VCRs in the U.S.
3,000
from 2001–2007.

(millions of dollars)
2,500
a. Predict the amount of factory 2,000

Sales
sales for VCRs in 2008. 1,500
b. Describe how the popularity of 1,000
VCRs has changed since 2000. 500
0
’00 ’02 ’04 ’06 ’08
Year

RAIN FORESTS For Exercises 1–6, use the World’s Tropical Rain Forests
graph at the right.
3,000
Example 1 1. Describe the trend in the remaining
(p. 88) 2,750
tropical rain forests.
Remaining Tropical Rain Forests

2,500
2. Predict how many millions of acres 2,250
(millions of acres)

there will be left in 2020. 2,000

1,750
3. How many millions of acres do 1,500
you think there will be left in 2030? 1,250
4. Make a prediction for the number 1,000
750
of millions of acres left in 2040.
500
Example 2 5. What does the graph tell you about 250
(p. 89) future changes in the remaining 0
40
50
60
70
80
90
00
10

rain forests?
19
19
19
19
19
19
20
20

6. Describe the change in the world’s Year

Source: Tropical American Tree Farms
remaining rain forests from 1940
to 2010.

Lesson 2-3 Interpret Line Graphs 89