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Set 2

The document outlines the fundamentals of digital computers, covering topics such as computer architecture, data representation, and arithmetic operations. It also discusses instruction processing, CPU architectures, and control unit organization, including microprogrammed control units and the differences between RISC and CISC processors. Each unit includes specific questions and tasks aimed at understanding the core concepts of digital computing.

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6 views2 pages

Set 2

The document outlines the fundamentals of digital computers, covering topics such as computer architecture, data representation, and arithmetic operations. It also discusses instruction processing, CPU architectures, and control unit organization, including microprogrammed control units and the differences between RISC and CISC processors. Each unit includes specific questions and tasks aimed at understanding the core concepts of digital computing.

Uploaded by

arjavj514
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Set 2

Unit-1: Fundamentals of Digital Computers

1. Introduction to Digital Computers

a) Classify computing and non-computing systems with suitable examples.

2. Computer Architecture and Components

a) What are I/O subsystems? How do they interact with the CPU and memory?

b) Explain the common bus system, differentiating between internal and external
buses (Address Bus, Data Bus, and Control Bus).

3. Data Representation and Arithmetic Operations

a) Explain signed arithmetic operations: Addition, Subtraction, and


Multiplication.

b) Discuss various number systems and their conversions (Binary, Octal,


Decimal, and Hexadecimal).

c) Convert the following numbers:

i. (2F)₁₆ to Binary and Decimal

d) Perform the following arithmetic operations:

i. Multiply (101)₂ and (011)₂ using binary multiplication method

ii. Divide (10110)₂ by (11)₂ using binary division method

e) Define r's complement and (r-1)'s complement arithmetic with examples.

f) Provide a brief introduction to combinational circuits and their role in data


representation.

4. Register Transfer Language (RTL) and Micro-Operations

a) Describe the hardware implementation of Arithmetic Logic and Shift units.

b) Explain how register transfer, bus transfer, and memory transfer work in a
computer system.
Unit-2: Instruction Processing and CPU Architectures

1. Instruction Formats and Execution

a) Discuss the organization of a stored program computer. How does it differ


from a hardwired program?

b) Describe the types of instructions used in computer systems.

2. Instruction Cycle and Control Mechanism

a) What are the different phases of instruction execution? How do timing and
control signals affect execution?

3. Addressing Modes and Memory Reference Instructions

a) Discuss the significance of memory reference instructions. Provide examples


of common memory operations.

4. Common CPU Architectures

a) Explain the basic features of the Intel IA-32 architecture.

b) Discuss the key aspects of the ARM architecture and how it differs from
traditional CISC architectures.

Unit-3 Control Unit Organization

1. Microprogrammed Control Unit

a) Explain address sequencing in microprogrammed control units.

b) Provide an example of a microprogram.

2. Comparison and Design Aspects

a) Explain the steps involved in designing a microprogrammed control unit.

b) Compare Hardwired and Microprogrammed Control Units based on speed,


complexity, and flexibility.

3. RISC and CISC Processors

a) Differentiate between RISC and CISC processors with examples.

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