Topic 6 Part 1 [414 marks]

Let
g(x) = 2x sin x .

1a. Find
[4 marks]
g′ (x) .

1b.
Find the gradient of the graph of g at [3 marks]
x=π.

2.
The graph of the function [6 marks]
y = f(x) passes through the point
( 32 ,4) . The gradient function of f is given as
f ′ (x) = sin(2x − 3) . Find
f(x) .

Let
f(x) = x3 . The following diagram shows part of the graph of f .

The point
P(a,f(a)) , where
a > 0 , lies on the graph of f . The tangent at P crosses the x-axis at the point
Q ( 23 ,0) . This tangent intersects the graph of f at the point R(−2, −8) .

3a. (i) 3 Show that the gradient of [PQ] is [7 marks]

a
.
a− 2
3

(ii) Find
f ′ (a) .
(iii) Hence show that
a=1.
 The equation of the tangent at P is
y = 3x − 2 . Let T be the region enclosed by the graph of f , the tangent [PR] and the line
x = k , between
x = −2 and
x = k where
−2 < k < 1 . This is shown in the diagram below.

3b.
Given that the area of T is [9 marks]
2k + 4 , show that k satisfies the equation
k4 − 6k2 + 8 = 0 .

Let
ln x
g(x) = x2
, for
x>0.

4a. Use the quotient rule to show that [4 marks]

1−2 ln x
g′ (x) = x3
.

4b.
The graph of g has a maximum point at A. Find the x-coordinate of A. [3 marks]

The velocity v ms−1 of a particle at time t seconds, is given by

v = 2t + cos 2t , for
0≤t≤2.

5a.
Write down the velocity of the particle when [1 mark]
t=0.

5b. When [8 marks]

t = k , the acceleration is zero.
(i) Show that
k = π4 .
(ii) Find the exact velocity when
t = π4 .
5c.
When [4 marks]
t < π4 ,
dv
dt
> 0 and when
t > π4 ,
dv
dt
>0 .
Sketch a graph of v against t .

5d.
Let d be the distance travelled by the particle for [3 marks]
0≤t≤1.
(i) Write down an expression for d .
(ii) Represent d on your sketch.

6.
Let [6 marks]
f(x) = cos(x2 ) and
g(x) = ex , for
−1.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 .
Find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g .

The following diagram shows a waterwheel with a bucket. The wheel rotates at a constant rate in an anticlockwise (counter-
clockwise) direction.

The diameter of the wheel is 8 metres. The centre of the wheel, A, is 2 metres above the water level. After t seconds, the height of the
bucket above the water level is given by
h = asin bt + 2 .

7a.
Show that [2 marks]
a=4.

7b.
The wheel turns at a rate of one rotation every 30 seconds. [2 marks]

Show that
π
b = 15 .

7c. In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of
[6 marks]
0.5 ms−1 .
Find these values of t .

7d. In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of
[4 marks]
0.5 ms−1 .
Determine whether the bucket is underwater at the second value of t .
 The following diagram shows the graph of
2
f(x) = e−x .

The points A, B, C, D and E lie on the graph of f . Two of these are points of inflexion.

8a. Identify the two points of inflexion.

[2 marks]

8b.
(i) Find [5 marks]
f ′ (x) .
(ii) Show that
2
f ′′ (x) = (4x2 − 2)e−x .

8c. Find the x-coordinate of each point of inflexion. [4 marks]

8d. Use the second derivative to show that one of these points is a point of inflexion. [4 marks]

9. Let [6 marks]
6x
h(x) = cos x
. Find
h′ (0) .

The following diagram shows part of the graph of the function

f(x) = 2x2 .

The line T is the tangent to the graph of f at

x=1.

10a.
Show that the equation of T is [5 marks]
y = 4x − 2 .

10b.
Find the x-intercept of T . [2 marks]
10c.
The shaded region R is enclosed by the graph of f , the line T , and the x-axis. [9 marks]

(i) Write down an expression for the area of R .

(ii) Find the area of R .

The following diagram shows part of the graph of a quadratic function f .

The x-intercepts are at

(−4, 0) and
(6, 0) , and the y-intercept is at
(0, 240) .

11a.
Write down [2 marks]
f(x) in the form
f(x) = −10(x − p)(x − q) .

11b.
Find another expression for [4 marks]
f(x) in the form
f(x) = −10(x − h)2 + k .

11c.
Show that [2 marks]
f(x) can also be written in the form
f(x) = 240 + 20x − 10x2 .

11d.
A particle moves along a straight line so that its velocity, [7 marks]
v ms−1 , at time t seconds is given by
v = 240 + 20t − 10t2 , for
0≤t≤6.
(i) Find the value of t when the speed of the particle is greatest.
(ii) Find the acceleration of the particle when its speed is zero.

12.
A gradient function is given by [8 marks]
dy
dx
= 10e2x − 5 . When
x=0,
y = 8 . Find the value of y when
x=1.
 The diagram below shows a plan for a window in the shape of a trapezium.

Three sides of the window are

2 m long. The angle between the sloping sides of the window and the base is
θ , where
0 < θ < π2 .

13a.
Show that the area of the window is given by [5 marks]
y = 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ .

13b.
Zoe wants a window to have an area of [4 marks]
5 m2 . Find the two possible values of
θ.

13c.
John wants two windows which have the same area A but different values of [7 marks]
θ.
Find all possible values for A .

The graph of
−−−−−−−
f(x) = √16 − 4x2 , for
−2 ≤ x ≤ 2 , is shown below.

14.
The region enclosed by the curve of f and the x-axis is rotated [6 marks]
360∘ about the x-axis.
Find the volume of the solid formed.
 Let
f(x) = 12 x3 − x2 − 3x . Part of the graph of f is shown below.

There is a maximum point at A and a minimum point at B(3, − 9) .

15a.
Find the coordinates of A. [8 marks]

15b.
Write down the coordinates of [6 marks]

(i) the image of B after reflection in the y-axis;

(ii) the image of B after translation by the vector
−2
( );
5
(iii) the image of B after reflection in the x-axis followed by a horizontal stretch with scale factor
1
2
.

Let
f(x) = cos x
sin x
, for
sin x ≠ 0 .

16a.
Use the quotient rule to show that [5 marks]
f ′ (x) = −12 .
sin x

16b.
Find [3 marks]
f ′′ (x) .
 In the following table,
f ′ ( π2 ) = p and
f ′′ ( π2 ) = q . The table also gives approximate values of
f ′ (x) and
f ′′ (x) near
x = π2 .

16c.
Find the value of p and of q. [3 marks]

16d.
Use information from the table to explain why there is a point of inflexion on the graph of f where [2 marks]
x = π2 .

17.
Let [6 marks]
f(x) = kx4 . The point
P(1, k) lies on the curve of f . At P, the normal to the curve is parallel to
y = − 18 x . Find the value of k.

A function f is defined for

−4 ≤ x ≤ 3 . The graph of f is given below.

The graph has a local maximum when

x = 0 , and local minima when
x = −3 ,
x=2.

18a. Write down the x-intercepts of the graph of the derivative function,
[2 marks]
f′ .

18b.
Write down all values of x for which [2 marks]
f ′ (x) is positive.

18c.
At point D on the graph of f , the x-coordinate is [2 marks]
−0.5. Explain why
f ′′ (x) < 0 at D.
 Consider the function f with second derivative
f ′′ (x) = 3x − 1 . The graph of f has a minimum point at A(2, 4) and a maximum point at
B (− 43 , 358
27
).

19a.
Use the second derivative to justify that B is a maximum. [3 marks]

19b.
Given that [4 marks]
f ′ (x) = 32 x2 − x + p , show that
p = −4 .

19c.
Find [7 marks]
f(x) .

Let
f(x) = 6 + 6 sin x . Part of the graph of f is shown below.

The shaded region is enclosed by the curve of f , the x-axis, and the y-axis.

20a.
Solve for [5 marks]
0 ≤ x < 2π
(i)
6 + 6 sin x = 6 ;
(ii)
6 + 6 sin x = 0 .

20b.
Write down the exact value of the x-intercept of f , for [1 mark]
0 ≤ x < 2π .

20c.
The area of the shaded region is k . Find the value of k , giving your answer in terms of [6 marks]
π.

20d.
Let [2 marks]
g(x) = 6 + 6 sin(x − π2 ) . The graph of f is transformed to the graph of g.
Give a full geometric description of this transformation.
20e.
Let [3 marks]
g(x) = 6 + 6 sin(x − π2 ) . The graph of f is transformed to the graph of g.
Given that
p+ 3π
∫p 2 g(x)dx = k and
0 ≤ p < 2π , write down the two values of p.

The velocity v ms−1 of an object after t seconds is given by

v(t) = 15√t − 3t , for
0 ≤ t ≤ 25 .

21a.
On the grid below, sketch the graph of v , clearly indicating the maximum point. [3 marks]

21b.
(i) Write down an expression for d . [4 marks]

(ii) Hence, write down the value of d .

Let
f ′ (x) = −24x3 + 9x2 + 3x + 1 .

22a.
There are two points of inflexion on the graph of f . Write down the x-coordinates of these points. [3 marks]

22b.
Let [2 marks]
g(x) = f ′′ (x) . Explain why the graph of g has no points of inflexion.
 Let
f(x) = x ln(4 − x2 ) , for
−2 < x < 2 . The graph of f is shown below.

The graph of f crosses the x-axis at

x=a,
x = 0 and
x=b.

23a.
Find the value of a and of b . [3 marks]

23b.
The graph of f has a maximum value when [2 marks]
x=c.
Find the value of c .

23c.
The region under the graph of f from [3 marks]
x = 0 to
x = c is rotated
360∘ about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed.

23d.
Let R be the region enclosed by the curve, the x-axis and the line [4 marks]
x = c , between
x = a and
x=c.
Find the area of R .

Let
f(x) = x cos x , for
0≤x≤6.

24a.
Find [3 marks]
f ′ (x) .
24b.
On the grid below, sketch the graph of [4 marks]
y = f ′ (x) .

25.
The acceleration, [7 marks]
a ms−2 , of a particle at time t seconds is given by

1
a= + 3 sin 2t, for t ≥ 1.
t

The particle is at rest when

t=1.
Find the velocity of the particle when
t=5.

Let
f(x) = Aekx + 3 . Part of the graph of f is shown below.

The y-intercept is at (0, 13) .

26a.
Show that [2 marks]
A = 10 .

26b.
Given that [3 marks]
f(15) = 3.49 (correct to 3 significant figures), find the value of k.
26c.
(i) Using your value of k , find [5 marks]
f ′ (x) .
(ii) Hence, explain why f is a decreasing function.
(iii) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote of the graph f .

26d.
Let [6 marks]
g(x) = −x2 + 12x − 24 .
Find the area enclosed by the graphs of f and g .

Consider
p
f(x) = x2 + x ,
x ≠ 0 , where p is a constant.

27a.
Find [2 marks]
f ′ (x) .

27b.
There is a minimum value of [4 marks]
f(x) when
x = −2 . Find the value of
p.

Let
f(x) = 3 + 220 , for
x −4
x ≠ ±2 . The graph of f is given below.

The y-intercept is at the point A.

28a.
(i) Find the coordinates of A. [7 marks]

(ii) Show that

f ′ (x) = 0 at A.
28b.
The second derivative [6 marks]
40(3x2 +4)
f ′′ (x) = . Use this to
(x2 −4) 3

(i) justify that the graph of f has a local maximum at A;

(ii) explain why the graph of f does not have a point of inflexion.

28c.
Describe the behaviour of the graph of [1 mark]
f for large
|x| .

28d.
Write down the range of [2 marks]
f.

Let
f(x) = √−
x . Line L is the normal to the graph of f at the point (4, 2) .

29a.
Show that the equation of L is [4 marks]
y = −4x + 18 .

29b.
Point A is the x-intercept of L . Find the x-coordinate of A. [2 marks]

In the diagram below, the shaded region R is bounded by the x-axis, the graph of f and the line L .

29c.
Find an expression for the area of R . [3 marks]

29d. The region R is rotated [8 marks]

360∘ about the x-axis. Find the volume of the solid formed, giving your answer in terms of
π.

Let
f(x) = cos 2x and
g(x) = ln(3x − 5) .

30a.
Find [2 marks]
f ′ (x) .

30b.
Find [2 marks]
g′ (x) .
30c.
Let [2 marks]
h(x) = f(x) × g(x) . Find
h′ (x) .

31.
Consider the curve with equation [7 marks]
f(x) = px2 + qx , where p and q are constants. The point
A(1, 3) lies on the curve. The tangent to the curve at A has gradient
8. Find the value of p and of q .

A farmer wishes to create a rectangular enclosure, ABCD, of area 525 m2, as shown below.

32.
The fencing used for side AB costs [7 marks]
$11 per metre. The fencing for the other three sides costs
$3 per metre. The farmer creates an enclosure so that the cost is a minimum. Find this minimum cost.

Let
f(x) = 5 cos π4 x and
g(x) = −0.5x2 + 5x − 8 for
0≤x≤9.

33a.
On the same diagram, sketch the graphs of f and g . [3 marks]

33b.
Consider the graph of [4 marks]
f . Write down
(i) the x-intercept that lies between
x = 0 and
x=3;
(ii) the period;
(iii) the amplitude.

33c.
Consider the graph of g . Write down [3 marks]

(i) the two x-intercepts;

(ii) the equation of the axis of symmetry.

33d.
Let R be the region enclosed by the graphs of f and g . Find the area of R. [5 marks]

34.
Let [6 marks]
f(x) = ex cos x . Find the gradient of the normal to the curve of f at
x=π.
 The following diagram shows the graphs of the displacement, velocity and acceleration of a moving object as functions of time, t.

35a.
Complete the following table by noting which graph A, B or C corresponds to each function. [4 marks]

35b.
Write down the value of t when the velocity is greatest. [2 marks]

36.
The graph of [7 marks]
y = √−x between
x = 0 and
x = a is rotated
360∘ about the x-axis. The volume of the solid formed is
32π . Find the value of a.
 A rectangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 3 cm and centre O, as shown below.

The point P(x , y) is a vertex of the rectangle and also lies on the circle. The angle between (OP) and the x-axis is
θ radians, where
0 ≤ θ ≤ π2 .

37a.
Write down an expression in terms of [2 marks]
θ for
(i)
x;
(ii)
y.

37b.
Let the area of the rectangle be A. [3 marks]

Show that
A = 18 sin 2θ .

37c.
(i) Find [8 marks]
dA
dθ
.

(ii) Hence, find the exact value of

θ which maximizes the area of the rectangle.
(iii) Use the second derivative to justify that this value of
θ does give a maximum.
 Let
ax
f(x) = ,
x2 +1
−8 ≤ x ≤ 8 ,
a ∈ R .The graph of f is shown below.

The region between

x = 3 and
x = 7 is shaded.

38a.
Show that [2 marks]
f(−x) = −f(x) .

38b.
Given that [7 marks]
2ax(x2 −3)
f ′′ (x) = , find the coordinates of all points of inflexion.
(x2 +1) 3

38c.
It is given that [7 marks]
∫ f(x)dx = a2 ln(x2 + 1) + C .
(i) Find the area of the shaded region, giving your answer in the form
p ln q .
(ii) Find the value of
8
∫4 2f(x − 1)dx .
 Consider
f(x) = x ln(4 − x2 ) , for
−2 < x < 2 . The graph of f is given below.

39a.
Let P and Q be points on the curve of f where the tangent to the graph of f is parallel to the x-axis. [5 marks]

(i) Find the x-coordinate of P and of Q.

(ii) Consider
f(x) = k . Write down all values of k for which there are exactly two solutions.

39b.
Let [4 marks]
g(x) = x3 ln(4 − x2 ) , for
−2 < x < 2 .
Show that
4
g′ (x) = −2x2 + 3x2 ln(4 − x2 ) .
4−x

39c. Let [2 marks]

g(x) = x3 ln(4 − x2 ) , for
−2 < x < 2 .
Sketch the graph of
g′ .

39d. Let [3 marks]

g(x) = x3 ln(4 − x2 ) , for
−2 < x < 2 .
Consider
g′ (x) = w . Write down all values of w for which there are exactly two solutions.

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