Python Interview Questions and Answers

1. What is Python? List some popular applications of Python in

the world of technology.
Answer: Python is a widely-used general-purpose, high-level
programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and
further developed by the Python Software Foundation. It was designed
with an emphasis on code readability, and its syntax allows programmers
to express their concepts in fewer lines of code.
It is used for:
System Scripting
Web Development
Game Development
Software Development
Complex Mathematics

2. What are the benefits of using Python language as a tool in the

present scenario?

Answer: The following are the benefits of using Python language:

Object-Oriented Language
High-Level Language
Dynamically Typed language
Extensive support Libraries
Presence of third-party modules
Open source and community development
Portable and Interactive
Portable across Operating systems

3. What does the ‘#’ symbol do in Python?

Answer: ‘#’ is used to comment on everything that comes after on the
line.

4. What is the difference between a Mutable datatype and an

Immutable data type?
Answer: Mutable data types can be edited i.e., they can change at
runtime. Eg – List, Dictionary, etc.
Immutable data types can not be edited i.e., they can not change at
runtime. Eg – String, Tuple, etc.

5. How are arguments passed by value or by reference in Python?

Answer: Everything in Python is an object and all variables hold
references to the objects. The reference values are according to the
functions; as a result, you cannot change the value of the references.
However, you can change the objects if it is mutable.

6. What is the difference between a Set and Dictionary?

Answer: The set is an unordered collection of data types that is iterable,
mutable and has no duplicate elements.
A dictionary in Python is an ordered collection of data values, used to
store data values like a map.

7. What is List Comprehension? Give an Example.

Answer: List comprehension is a syntax construction to ease the creation
of a list based on existing iterable.
For Example:
my_list = [i for i in range(1, 10)]

8. What is a lambda function?

Answer: A lambda function is an anonymous function. This function can
have any number of parameters but, can have just one statement. For
Example:
a = lambda x, y : x*y
print(a(7, 19))
10. What is a pass in Python?
Pass means performing no operation or in other words, it is a placeholder
in the compound statement, where there should be a blank left and
nothing has to be written there.

9. What is the difference between / and // in Python?

Answer: / represents precise division (result is a floating point number)
whereas // represents floor division (result is an integer). For Example:

5//2 = 2
5/2 = 2.5

10. Can you explain the concept of negative indexing in Python

lists?
Answer: In Python lists, negative indexing allows access to elements
from the end of the list. Index -1 refers to the last element, -2 to the
second-to-last, and so on. It provides a convenient way to retrieve
elements if you don’t know the list’s length. It also simplifies codes and
enhances their efficiency.

11. Can you differentiate between global and local variables in

Python?
Answer: In Python, the global variables are declared outside functions
and are accessible throughout the entire program. Local variables are
declared inside functions and have scope limited to that function. Global
variables can be modified globally, while local variables are confined to
their respective functions, enhancing encapsulation and modularity.

12. What is the method for creating an array in Python?

Answer: In Python, arrays are commonly created using the array module
or, more commonly, using lists. Lists are dynamic arrays that can hold
elements of different data types. To create a list, use square brackets and
separate elements with commas. Example: my_list = [1, 2, 3].

13. Can you name the two primary loop statements in Python?
Answer: The two major loop statements in Python are “for” and “while.”
The “for” loop iterates over a sequence, such as a list or range, while the
“while” loop continues executing as long as a specified condition remains
true. These loops are fundamental for repetitive tasks and control flow in
Python programs.
14. Can you define modules in Python?
Answer: Modules in Python are organizational units that group related
code together. They consist of Python files containing functions, classes,
and variables. Modules provide a way to organize and reuse code,
promoting modularity. They can be imported into other Python scripts,
enhancing code maintainability and readability.

15. Explain the types of functions in Python.

Answer: In Python, a function is a reusable block of code that performs a
specific task. Python functions enhance code modularity, readability, and
reusability. There are two main types of functions in Python:

Built-in Functions:These functions are part of the Python standard library

and are readily available for use without the need for explicit definition.
Examples include print(), len(), and type().
User-Defined Functions:These functions are created by the user to
encapsulate a specific set of actions. They are defined using the def
keyword, followed by the function name, parameters, and a code block.

16. What is the difference between loc and iloc?

Answer: loc and iloc are two important methods used for accessing and
manipulating data within a DataFrame.The difference between loc and iloc
is mentioned below:
Criteria Loc iloc
Selection It uses label-based indexing, It uses integer-based
Method meaning you refer to the indexing, where you
actual row and column labels. specify integer positions
of rows and columns.
Syntax It uses row and column labels It uses integer indices for
directly. rows and columns.
Inclusive With loc, slicing is inclusive With iloc, slicing is
Slicing on both ends, considering the inclusive for the start
specified start and end labels. index and exclusive for
the end index.
Subsetting It can select rows with a It can select rows by
particular label and condition. integer locations
regardless of the
DataFrame index.
Example df.loc[1, ‘column_name’] df.iloc[1, 0]

17. Can you explain how memory is managed in Python?

Answer: In Python, memory management is handled by the Python
Memory Manager, which utilizes a private heap space for storing objects
and data structures. Python employs automatic memory management
through a system called garbage collection. The key components include:

Reference Counting: Python uses a reference counting mechanism to

keep track of the number of references to each object. When an object’s
reference count drops to zero, it is deallocated.
Garbage Collection: Python’s garbage collector identifies and reclaims
memory occupied by objects with zero reference counts. This helps in
freeing up memory that is no longer in use.
Memory Pool: Python uses a memory pool to efficiently allocate and
manage memory for small objects. It helps avoid the overhead of frequent
memory allocation and deallocation.
Automatic Memory Management: Python’s memory management is
automatic, and developers generally do not need to explicitly allocate or
deallocate memory. The system handles memory tasks, making it easier
for developers to focus on coding.

18. What is the difference between a tuple and a list?

Answer: In Python, both tuples and lists are data structures used to store
collections of items. However, here is the difference between a tuple and
a list in Python:
Criteria Tuple List
Mutability Tuples are immutable, Lists are mutable and
meaning their elements allow modifications.
cannot be changed after
creation.
Syntax Tuples are defined using Lists use square brackets [
parentheses ( ). ].
Modificatio Elements in tuples cannot Elements can be modified
n be modified once assigned, after the assignment.
ensuring data integrity.
Performanc Tuples are slightly faster for Lists are slower, especially
e iteration and indexing due during dynamic resizing.
to their immutability.
Memory Tuples consume less Lists are dynamic and
Usage memory as they are fixed in consume more memory.
size.
Use Cases Tuples are suitable for Lists are preferred for
scenarios where data should dynamic data that
remain unchanged, requires modifications and
providing integrity. operations.

19. Can you explain the difference between modules and

libraries?
Answer: Python modules help in modularizing code, promoting code
reusability and maintainability. On the other hand, a library is a collection
of modules that can be utilized to perform various tasks. Python libraries
are essentially pre-written code that developers can use to avoid
reinventing the wheel and expediting their programming tasks.
20. What is a map function in Python?
Answer: In Python, the map() function is a built-in higher-order function
that applies a specified function to all items in an iterable (such as a list)
and returns an iterable of the results. It takes two arguments: the function
to apply and the iterable. It provides a concise and efficient way to
perform operations enhancing code readability and simplicity without the
need for explicit loops.

21. How would you comment with multiple lines in Python?

Answer: In Python, you can use triple quotes (”’ or “””) to create multiline
comments. This allows you to comment out multiple lines without using
the ‘#’ symbol at the beginning of each line. Example:
'''
This is a
multiline comment
in Python.
'''

22. Do you know what is pep 8?

Answer: PEP 8, or Python Enhancement Proposal 8, is the style guide for
Python code. It provides conventions for writing clean, readable, and
consistent Python code. Created by Guido van Rossum, PEP 8 covers
topics such as indentation, naming conventions, and other practices to
enhance code quality and maintainability.

23. Can you explain what are decorators in Python?

Answer: Decorators in Python are functions that modify or extend the
behavior of other functions or methods. They allow you to wrap additional
functionality around existing functions without modifying their code.
Decorators are commonly used for tasks like logging, access control, and
code instrumentation in a concise and reusable manner.

24. How will you shuffle the elements of a list in Python?

Answer: To shuffle elements of a list in Python, use the shuffle function
from the random module. Import the module, then apply
random.shuffle(your_list). This rearranges the elements randomly.
Example:

import random
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
random.shuffle(my_list)
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25. Can you differentiate between SciPy and NumPy?

Answer: NumPy and SciPy are complementary libraries in Python. NumPy
focuses on fundamental array operations, providing support for large,
multi-dimensional arrays and matrices. SciPy builds on NumPy, by offering
additional functionality for scientific computing, including optimization,
integration, interpolation, and signal processing, making it a
comprehensive toolkit for scientific and technical computing.

26. Does Python employ access specifiers in its object-oriented

programming paradigm?
Answer: Python does not have explicit access specifiers like “private” or
“public” as in some other languages. Instead, it relies on naming
conventions. Attributes with a single leading underscore (e.g., _variable)
are considered conventionally private, while those with a double leading
underscore (e.g., __variable) undergo name mangling for stronger privacy.

27. Is there an equivalent to scanf() or sscanf() in Python?

Answer: In Python, the input() function can be used to read user input,
somewhat analogous to scanf() in C. For more advanced formatting and
parsing, the re-module can be employed. However, Python doesn’t have a
direct equivalent to sscanf(); string manipulation and regular expressions
are commonly used instead.

28. What are the methods available for incorporating view

functions into Django’s urls.py file?
Answer: In Django’s urls.py, view functions can be added using:

Function-Based Views: Directly reference functions.

Class-Based Views: Use as view() method when associating a class-based
view.
URL Patterns: Use the path() or re_path() functions to map URLs to views.
Include(): Organize URL patterns into separate files.

29. Can you explain the location of source files, such as math.py,
socket.py, and regex.py, within the Python standard library?
Answer: The source files for standard Python modules like math.py,
socket.py, and regex.py are part of the Python standard library. They are
typically located in the Lib directory of the Python installation. Users can
access and explore these files to understand the implementation details of
the corresponding modules.

30. Are there any interfaces for database packages in Python?

Answer: Yes, Python offers various interfaces for database packages. The
standard library includes the SQLite3 module for SQLite databases.
Additionally, popular third-party libraries such as SQLAlchemy, Django
ORM, and psycopg2 (for PostgreSQL) provide powerful and flexible
database interfaces, enabling seamless interaction with different database
systems.

31. Can a Python class inherit from more than one parent class?
Answer: Yes, a Python class can inherit from more than one parent class,
thereby supporting multiple inheritance. It can be achieved by listing
multiple parent classes in the class definition.

32. Can you explain the term Tkinter?

Answer: The term “Tkinter” refers to a standard GUI (Graphical User
Interface) toolkit in Python. Tkinter is a built-in library that provides tools
for creating desktop applications with graphical interfaces. It is based on
the Tk GUI toolkit and is widely used for developing user-friendly
applications in Python.
33. Can you explain the use of the ‘with’ statement and its
syntax?
Answer: The ‘with’ statement in Python is used for context management,
ensuring proper setup and cleanup of resources. Its syntax is:

with context_expression as target_variable:

# Code block inside the 'with' statement
Here, ‘context_expression’ is an object that supports the context
management protocol, and ‘target_variable’ is the variable to which the
result of the expression is assigned.

34. Can you describe the split(), sub(), and subn() methods found
within Python’s ‘re’ module?
Answer: The re-module in Python provides several methods for working
with regular expressions. Here’s a description of the split(), sub(), and
subn() methods:

split() Method: The split() method is used to split a string into a list based
on a specified regular expression pattern. It takes the pattern as an
argument and returns a list of substrings.
sub() Method: The sub() method is used for replacing occurrences of a
pattern in a string with a specified replacement. It takes three arguments:
the pattern to search for, the replacement string, and the input string.
subn() Method: The subn() method is similar to sub(), but it returns a tuple
containing the modified string and the number of substitutions made.

35. What do you know about iterators in Python?

Answer: In Python, an iterator is an object that represents a stream of
data and enables iteration over a sequence of elements, one at a time. It
follows the iterator protocol, implementing two methods: __iter__() and
__next__().

The __iter__() method returns the iterator object itself and is called when
an iterator is initialized.
The __next__() method returns the next element in the sequence and is
called for each subsequent iteration. When there are no more elements, it
raises the StopIteration exception.

36. Do you know what *args and **kwargs mean in Python?

Answer: In Python, *args and **kwargs are used to pass a variable
number of arguments to a function.

*args allows a function to accept any number of positional arguments. It

collects them into a tuple.
**kwargs allows a function to accept any number of keyword arguments.
It collects them into a dictionary.

37. What do you know about Dict and List Comprehension?

Answer: Python comprehensions provide a way to create modified and
filtered lists, dictionaries, or sets from a given list, dictionary, or set. They
are a powerful feature in Python that allows the creation of concise
expressions for creating lists, dictionaries, and sets. Comprehensions
eliminate the need for explicit loops, which can help reduce the size of
your code and save time during development.

38. What is the difference between range & xrange?

Answer: Here’s a table outlining the differences between range and
xrange:
Feature range Xrange
Memory It creates a list containing It generates elements on
Usage all elements in the range. the fly, consuming minimal
It consumes more memory regardless of
memory, especially for range size.
large ranges.
Type It returns a list type. It returns an xrange object,
an iterator-like type.
Usage It is suitable when you It is preferred for large
need an actual list of ranges or situations where
elements. memory efficiency is
crucial, as it generates
elements as needed.
Compatibilit It is present in Python 2 It is only available in Python
y and Python 3 but behaves 2 as Python 3 no longer
differently in each. uses xrange(). Instead,
range() is used.

39. What is the purpose of the “is”, “not” and “in” operators?
Answer: In Python, the “is” operator, the “not” operator, and the “in”
operator serve different purposes:

“is” Operator: The “is” operator in Python is used for identity comparison.
It checks if two objects refer to the same memory location, determining if
they are the same object.
“not” Operator: The “not” operator is a logical operator in Python used for
negation. It returns True if the operand is False, and vice versa. It negates
the truth value of the given expression.
“in” Operator: The “in” operator is used to test membership. It checks if a
specified value exists in a sequence (like a string, list, or tuple), returning
True if the value is present and False otherwise.

40. Can you write code to reverse a string in Python?

Answer: Certainly! Here’s a simple Python code to reverse a string:

def reverse_string(input_string):
 return input_string[::-1]

# Example
original_string = "Hello, World!"
reversed_string = reverse_string(original_string)

print("Original String:", original_string)

print("Reversed String:", reversed_string)
This code defines a function reverse_string that takes an input string and
returns its reverse using slicing ([::-1]). The example then demonstrates
its usage with a sample string.

41. Can you briefly explain how Python implements dynamic

typing?
Answer: Python implements dynamic typing by allowing variables to
reference objects without explicit type declarations. The type of a variable
is determined at runtime based on the assigned object. Here is an
example:

x=5 # integer
x = 'hello' # string
x = [1, 2, 3] # list
Here, x dynamically changes its type as it is assigned different values.
This flexibility simplifies code but requires careful consideration to avoid
unexpected behavior.

42. How can you achieve Multithreading in Python?

Answer: In Python, multithreading is achieved using the threading
module. The threading module paves the way to create and manage
threads. However, due to the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) in CPython,
multithreading is more suitable for I/O-bound tasks in comparison to CPU-
bound tasks. For CPU-bound tasks, multiprocessing is recommended.

43. What is the main purpose of using cx_Freeze?

Answer: The primary purpose of cx_Freeze is to create standalone
executables from Python scripts. By “freezing” a Python application, it
bundles the Python interpreter and all necessary dependencies into a
single executable file. This makes it easier to distribute Python
applications to users who may not have Python installed on their systems.

44. How can you debug an extension in Python?

Answer: To debug a Python extension, I can use tools like gdb for C
extensions or Python’s built-in pdb debugger. Set breakpoints, inspect
variables, and step through the code to identify and fix issues.
Additionally, print statements and logging can aid in debugging extension
modules.

45. What makes Django a preferred framework for web

development in Python?
Answer: Django is a high-level Python web framework popular for its
simplicity, scalability, and robustness. It follows the DRY or “don’t repeat
yourself” principle, promoting efficient and maintainable code. Django
provides an ORM, built-in admin panel, security features, and extensive
documentation, making it ideal for the rapid development of scalable and
secure web applications.

46. How can you evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C?

Answer: To evaluate an arbitrary Python expression from C, I use the
Python/C API. This involves using functions like PyRun_SimpleString or
PyRun_String to execute Python code from within a C program. This API
provides a bridge between C and Python, allowing seamless integration
and code execution.

47. Can you demonstrate the syntax used to instantiate a class in

Python?
Answer: To create an instance of a class in Python, use the class name
followed by parentheses. For example, if the class is named MyClass, the
syntax for instantiation is obj = MyClass(). This invokes the class
constructor, creating a new object or instance of that class for further use.

48. Explain the mechanisms through which arguments are

transferred to functions in Python.
Answer: In Python, arguments are transferred to functions using a
combination of positional, keyword, and default parameters. Python
doesn’t strictly follow “pass by value” or “pass by reference” like some
languages; instead, it is more accurately described as “pass by object
reference” due to its unique memory management.

49. Differentiate between append() and extend() methods?

Answer: The append() and extend() methods in Python are used to add
elements to lists, but they differ in their behavior:

append() Method:The append() method is used to add a single element to

the end of a list. It takes one argument, the element to be added, and
appends it to the list.
Syntax: list.append(element)

extend() Method:The extend() method is used to add multiple elements to

the end of a list. It takes an iterable (e.g., a list, tuple, or string) as an
argument and adds its elements to the list.
Syntax: list.extend(iterable)

50. Describe how Python Flask handles database requests.

Answer: Flask provides flexibility in handling database requests, allowing
developers to choose from various approaches based on their preferences
and project requirements. The three common ways to request a database
in Flask include:
before_request() decorator: It is used to register a function that will be
executed before each request is processed. It is commonly employed to
set up resources, establish database connections, or perform any pre-
processing tasks needed for the request.
after_request() decorator: It is used to register a function that will be
executed after each request is processed but before the response is sent
to the client. It allows developers to modify the response or perform clean-
up tasks.
teardown_request() decorator: It is used to register a function that will be
executed after each request, regardless of whether an exception occurred
during processing. It is commonly used for clean-up tasks, such as closing
database connections or releasing resources.

51. How is Python an interpreted language?

Answer: Python is considered an interpreted language because the
source code is executed line by line, at runtime, by an interpreter, rather
than being compiled to a machine-readable format ahead of time like in
compiled languages. This allows for greater flexibility and easier testing
and debugging, but can result in slower execution times.

52. How do you handle exceptions in Python?

Answer: In Python, exceptions can be handled using a try-except block.
You write the code that might raise an exception in the try block and
specify how to handle it in the except block. Here’s an example:

try:
result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Can't divide by zero")
You can also include an optional else block after the except block, which
will be executed if no exception was raised in the try block.

You can catch multiple exceptions in one except block using parentheses,
like this:

try:
result = 10 / 0
except (ZeroDivisionError, TypeError):
print("An error occurred")
In Python, it’s also possible to raise an exception manually using the raise
statement.

53. How will you remove duplicate elements from a list?

Answer: Problem Statement – Given a list, the task is to remove the
duplicate elements from the list.

Examples:

Input: [1, 1, 2, 2, 2]
Output: [1,2]
Input: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 5]
Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
Answer – You can remove duplicate elements from a list in Python using
the set data structure, which only stores unique elements. Here’s the
python code for this:

Python
numbers = [1, 1, 2, 2, 2]
unique_numbers = set(numbers)
unique_numbers = list(unique_numbers)
print(unique_numbers)
Output:

[1,2]
Another way to remove duplicates from a list is to use a loop and check if
an element is already in a new list. If it is not, add it to the new list. Here’s
the python code for this:

Python
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 5]
unique_numbers = []
for number in numbers:
if number not in unique_numbers:
unique_numbers.append(number)
print(unique_numbers)
Output:

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

54. How to overload constructors or methods in Python?

Answer: In Python, there is no direct way to overload constructors or
methods like in some other programming languages. However, you can
achieve a similar effect by using default arguments.

For example, you can have multiple constructors with different sets of
arguments by using default values for some of the arguments. Here’s an
example:

class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, width=0, height=0):
self.width = width
self.height = height

rect1 = Rectangle(10, 20)

rect2 = Rectangle(15)
rect3 = Rectangle()
In this example, the init method acts as multiple constructors, as it can be
called with different sets of arguments, and the default values for width
and height ensure that the objects are created even if the arguments are
not specified.
Similarly, you can achieve method overloading by using default
arguments. For example,

class Calculator:
def add(self, a, b=0):
return a + b

calculator = Calculator()
result = calculator.add(10, 20)
result = calculator.add(10)
In this example, the add method acts as multiple methods, as it can be
called with different sets of arguments, and the default value for b
ensures that the method can be called even if b is not specified.

55. What is self in Python?

Answer: In Python, self is a special parameter that is used to refer to the
instance of an object within a class method. When you create an instance
of a class, you can use the instance to call its methods, and the self
parameter allows you to access the instance’s attributes and methods
within the class.

Here’s an example that demonstrates the use of self in a class method:

class Rectangle:
def __init__(self, width, height):
self.width = width
self.height = height

def area(self):
return self.width * self.height

rect = Rectangle(10, 20)

result = rect.area()
In this example, the Rectangle class has a init method that initializes the
width and height of the rectangle and an area method that calculates the
area of the rectangle. When you call rect.area(), the area method is
executed, and self refers to the rect instance. The self.width and
self.height expressions access the width and height attributes of the rect
instance, and the return statement returns the calculated area.

The self parameter is not explicitly passed when you call a method on an
instance, as it is automatically passed by Python. When you call
rect.area(), the rect instance is passed as the self parameter to the area
method, so you can use self to access the rect instance within the
method.

56. Write a program in Python to find the largest and second-

largest element in a list using Python?
Answer: Here the problem statement says that we have to find out the
largest and second largest element from a list containing.

The approach towards such a problem statement is simple. We will sort

the list in ascending order using the sorted() and then with the help of
negative indexing we will be returning the last and the second last
element.

# Defining a function
def LargestAndSecondLargest(Data):
# Sorting the list in Ascending Order
Data = sorted(Data)
# Extracting the last element (Largest Element)
largestElement = Data[-1]
# Extracting the second last element (Second Largest Element)
SecondlargestElement = Data[-2]
# Returning the variables containing the elements.
return largestElement, SecondlargestElement

Data = [20,15,8,12,19]
LargestAndSecondLargest(Data)
Output:
(20, 19)

57. Create a Python program that will print the highest sequence
of 1s in an array of 0s and 1s?
Answer:
a = [1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,1,1,1,1]
# Variable to Store the count of one
countofOne = 0
# Variable to Store the previous count only if the countofOne is greater than the L
LastCountofOne = 0

# For Loop to traverse through all the element in the array

for i in range(len(a)):
# Check if the element is 1
if a[i] == 1:
# Count increased by 1
countofOne += 1
else:
 # Checking if countofOne > LastCountofOne
if(LastCountofOne < countofOne):
# Swapping the value to LastCountofOne if the above condition is True
LastCountofOne = countofOne
# Set countofOne to zero as we are interrupted by zero
countofOne = 0

# Comparing the last value of countofOne with LastCountofOne

if(LastCountofOne > countofOne):
# Print LastCountofOne
print(LastCountofOne)
else:
# Print countofOne
print(countofOne)
Output:
8

58. In the given array, write a list comprehension that will print
the sum of even numbers.
Answer:

First of all, we have to understand what an Even Number is. An even

number is a number that when divided by 2 leaves a remainder 0 (zero).
To return the remainder in a division we make use of the modulus
operator(%).
Here is the approach we are following for the problem statement:
1. Looping through all the elements in a list using For Loop
2. Checking if the element leaves a remainder zero on division by 2 (x
%2 == 0)
3. If the condition seems to be True add it to the Sum counter
initialized as zero
4. Lastly printing the Output as the sum of all even numbers in a list.
Now that we are clear about our approach to the problem statement. Let’s
have a look at the program below:
# Sample Data in a List
sample = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
# Defining the variable sum to zero
Sum = 0
# Looping through elements in the list and checking if it is an even
number or not and adding
Sum = sum([x for x in sample if x%2 == 0])
# Printing the Sum of Even Numbers
print(Sum)

Output:
30

59. Write a function to output separate lists containing even and

odd elements from a given array.
Let’s take a look at the program, here our approach is written as follows:
1. Check if the given element is even or odd
2. Return two separate lists with even and odd elements
# Defining a Function
def EvenOdd(Data):
# Checking if the number is even
print([x for x in Data if x%2 == 0])
# Cheking if the number is odd
print([x for x in Data if x%2 != 0])

# Sample Data
Data = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
# Function Call
EvenOdd(Data)

Output:

[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

The above program will create two separate lists after checking if the
elements are even or odd in the given sample, and print both the lists at
the end of the execution.

60. Write a Python program to print a list of primes in a given

range.
Answer: In this program where we need to check if the number is a prime
number or not, we are making use of a very simple approach. Firstly we
need to understand what is a Prime Number? A whole number greater
than 1 cannot be exactly divided by any whole number other than itself
and 1.

Let’s formulate the approach:

1. Check if the number is greater or less than 1. If less than one

returns that it is not a prime number immediately as the definition
says “A Whole number greater than 1”

2. If not less than one, check if the number has some other factors or
not. If it has returned that it is not a prime number.

3. Lastly, if it passes all the tests returns that it is a prime number.

Now let’s have a look at the program to check if the number is a prime
number or not.

# Defining a Function

def isPrime(num):

# Checking if num > 1 because there are no prime numbers less than 1

if(num > 1):

# Looping through the elements in a range of 2,num to find factors

for i in range(2,num):

# if three is a factor other than 1

if(num % i == 0):

# Return Fales in Flag i.e not a prime number

 flag = False

# End the Loop

break

else:

# If there is no factor other than 1 return True in Flag

flag = True

else:

# IF the number is less than 1 return False in Flag

flag = False

# Finally return the Final value of the flag

return flag

# Sample input

num = 5

# Check if the flag is True or False

if (isPrime(num)):

# If Flag is True print

print("It is a Prime Number")

else:
 # If Flag is False print

print("It is a not a Prime Number")

61. Write a program to check even odd numbers using shorthand

if else statements.
Answer: The ultimate goal of the program should be checking if a
number is odd or even.
Let’s first understand even and odd numbers. When can a number be
even? A number is even when it is divided by two and returns a remainder
zero. Now we know that the remainder can be determined with the help of
the modulus function (%), which returns the remainder of the division.
Now, let’s go ahead and write the program.
# Defining the Function
def EvenOdd(n):
print("Even Number") if(n%2 == 0) else print("Odd Number")

# Calling the Function:

EvenOdd(21) # Output: Odd Number
EvenOdd(12) # Output: Even Number

62. Write a Python program that will reverse a string without

using the slicing operation or reverse() function?
Answer:

# Defining the function

def reverseString(x):
# Declaring an empty String
NewString = ""
# Traversing through individual characters in a string
for i in x:
# Add the character to the empty string
NewString = i + NewString
# return the new string
return NewString
 # Sample String
string = "Intellipaat"
# Function Call
ReversedString = reverseString(string)
# Printing Output
print(ReversedString)

Output:
taapilletnI

63. Write a Python program that removes duplicates from a list?

Answer: Removing duplicates from a list can be done very easily by
converting the list into a set and then back to a list. As it is a property of a
set that can only contain unique.
# Sample Data in List
Sample = [1,1,0,0,1,0,2,0,3,2,2,4,4,2,3]
# Converting the list to set to remove duplicates
SetSample = set(Sample)
# Converting the set to a list again
ListSample = list(SetSample)
# Printing the Output
print(ListSample)
Output:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

64. Write a code to display the contents of a file in reverse?

Answer: To display the contents of a file in reverse, the following code
can be used:
filename = "filename.txt"
with open(filename, "r") as file:
lines = file.readlines()

for line in reversed(lines):

print(line.rstrip())

65. Which one of the following statements is not valid?

1. xyz = 1,000,000
2. x y z = 1000 2000 3000
3. x,y,z = 1000, 2000, 3000
4. x_y_z = 1,000,000
Answer: The second statement is invalid. This is invalid because variable
names in Python cannot contain spaces, and multiple variables cannot be
assigned in this way without commas to separate them. Additionally, the
values to be assigned are not separated by commas, making the
statement syntactically incorrect.

66. Write a command to open the file c:\hello.txt for writing?

Answer:
Command:
 f= open(“hello.txt”, “wt”)

67. How to delete files in Python?

Answer: You need to import the OS Module and
use os.remove() function for deleting a file in Python.
consider the code below:
import os
os.remove("file_name.txt")

68. How will you read a random line in a file?

Answer: We can read a random line in a file using the random module.
For example:
import random
def read_random(fname):
lines = open(fname).read().splitlines()
return random.choice(lines)
print(read_random('hello.txt'))

69. Write a Python program to count the total number of lines in

a text file?
Answer: Refer to the code below to count the total number of lines in a
text file-
def file_count(fname):
with open(fname) as f:
for i, _ in enumerate(f):
pass
return i + 1

print("Total number of lines in the text file:",

file_count("file.txt"))

70. What would be the output if I ran the following code block?
list1 = [2, 33, 222, 14, 25]
print(list1[-2])
1. 14
2. 33
3. 25
4. Error
Answer: output:14
In Python, negative indexing allows you to access elements from the end
of the list. The index -1 represents the last element, -2 represents the
second-to-last element, and so on.
In the given code, list1[-2] refers to the second-to-last element in the list
list1, which is 14. Therefore, the output of the code will be 14.

71. Write a program in Python to execute the Bubble sort

algorithm?
Answer:
Check out the code below to execute bubble sort-
 def bubbleSort(x):
n = len(x)
# Traverse through all array elements
for i in range(n-1):
for j in range(0, n-i-1):
if x[j] > x[j+1]:
x[j], x[j+1] = x[j+1], x[j]

# Driver code to test above

arr = [25, 34, 47, 21, 22, 11, 37]
bubbleSort(arr)

print("Sorted array is:")

for i in range(len(arr)):
print(arr[i])
Output:
11,21,22,25,34,37,47

72. Create a Python sorting algorithm for a dataset of numbers?

Answer: code to sort a list in Python:
my_list = ["8", "4", "3", "6", "2"]

my_list = [int(i) for i in list]

my_list.sort()

print (my_list)
Output:
2,3,4,6,8

73. Write a Program to print ASCII Value of a character in Python?

Answer: Check the below code to print the ASCII value:
x= 'a'

# print the ASCII value of the assigned character stored in x

print(" ASCII value of '" + x + "' is", ord(x))

Output: 65

74. Which one of the following is not the correct syntax for
creating a set in Python?

1. set([[1,2],[3,4],[4,5]])
2. set([1,2,2,3,4,5])
3. {1,2,3,4}
4. set((1,2,3,4))

Answer:
set([[1,2],[3,4],[4,5]])
Explanation: The argument given for the set must be iterable.

75. Write a program in Python to produce Star triangle?

Answer: The below code produces a star triangle-
1 def Star_triangle(n):
2 for x in range(n):
3 print(' '*(n-x-1)+'*'*(2*x+1))
4
5 Star_triangle(9)
Output:
*
***
*****
*******
*********
***********
*************
***************
*****************

76. Write a program to produce Fibonacci series in Python?

Answer: The Fibonacci series refers to a series where an element is the
sum of two elements prior to it.
n = int(input(“number of terms? “))
n1, n2 = 0, 1
count = 0
if n <= 0: print("Please enter a positive integer") elseif n == 1:
print("Fibonacci sequence upto", n, ":") print(n1) else: print("Fibonacci
sequence:") while count < n: print(n1) nth = n1 + n2 n1 = n2 n2 = nth
count += 1 [/code]

77. Write a program in Python to check if a number is prime?

Answer: The below code is used to check if a number is prime or not
num = 13

if num > 1:
for i in range(2, int(num/2)+1):
if (num % i) == 0:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
break
else:
print(num, "is a prime number")
else:
print(num, "is not a prime number")
Output:
13 is a prime number

78. Write a program to depict inheritance and its types in Python?

Answer: Let’s take a look at a simple example in Python to understand
inheritance and its types:
#single inheritance
class Animals:
def House(self):
print("lives in Jungle")

class Snakes(Animals):
def eats(self):
print("eats insects")

obj = Snakes()
obj.House()
obj.eats()
Output:
lives in Jungle
eats insects

#multiple inheritance
class Maths:
def Marks(self):
self.maths = 90

class English:
def Marks(self):
self.english = 85
 class Result(Maths, English):
def __init__(self):
Maths.Marks(self)
English.Marks(self)

def result(self):
self.res = (self.maths + self.english) // 2
print("The result is : {}%".format(self.res))

obj = Result()
obj.result()
Output:
The result is : 87%

#multi-level inheritance
class Vehicle:
def __init__(self):
self.Type = "Commercial"
print("Vehicle Type : {}".format(self.Type))

class Name(Vehicle):
def __init__(self):
self.Name = "Ashok Leyland"
print("Vehicle Name: ".format(self.Name))

class Final(Name):
def __init__(self):
Name.__init__(self)
Vehicle.__init__(self)
self.Tyres = 8
print("Number of tyres is: {}".format(self.Tyres))

obj = Final()

Output:
Vehicle Name:
Vehicle Type : Commercial
Number of tyres is: 8

79. Write a program to Making all the strings uppercase?

Answer:
import pandas as pd

sample = pd.Series(['Rohit Sharma',

'Virat Kohli',
 'Shubman Gill',

'Ravindra Jadeja',

'KL Rahul'])

#make all strings to uppercase letters

sample.str.upper()

Output:
0 ROHIT SHARMA
1 VIRAT KOHLI
2 SHUBMAN GILL
3 RAVINDRA JADEJA
4 KL RAHUL

dtype: object

80. How can you perform stacking operations on a Pandas

DataFrame?
Answer: Stacking is used to reshape the DataFrames. Let’s take a look at
a simple example:
sample = pd.DataFrame([[65, 158], [92, 183]],

index=['Ramesh', 'Suresh'],

columns=['weight', 'height'])

sample.stack()
Output:
Ramesh weight 65
height 158
Suresh weight 92
height 183

dtype: int64

81. How do you remove the index from a Pandas DataFrame?

Answer: To remove the index from a dataframe, we can add a simple line
of code as follows:

import pandas as pd

data = pd.DataFrame({"student_id": [29, 59, 72, 54],

 "Name": ['sravan', 'jyothika',

'harsha', 'ramya'],})

data.index = data['student_id']

del data['student_id']

data

Output:

82. Create a Numpy array in the shape of 2x3 with random

integers in the range 0-100. Reshape the array in the shape 3x2
and print the updated shape of the resultant array?
Answer:
import numpy as np

arr1= np.random.randint(0,101, (2,3))

print(arr1)

newarr1= arr1.reshape(3,2)

print(newarr1.shape)

Output:
[[35 61 24]
[20 38 31]]
(3, 2)

83. Create an array that will have days from an entire year in the
datetime format using the datetime64 Numpy method?
Answer:
from datetime import datetime

import random
 darr = np.arange('2024-01-01', '2025-01-01',dtype='datetime64')

print(darr)

The print statement will give us the desired output.

84. For the given two arrays A and B, find the correlation
coefficients?
Answer:
A = np.array([[11,17,42],[21,19,27]])
B = np.array([[12,44,39],[62,81,10]])

A = np.array([[11,17,42],[21,19,27]])

B = np.array([[12,44,39],[62,81,10]])

corr= np.corrcoef(A,B)

print(corr)

Output:
[[ 1. 0.9106039 0.53232532 -0.90264562]
[ 0.9106039 1. 0.13487934 -0.99982205]
[ 0.53232532 0.13487934 1. -0.11616343]
[-0.90264562 -0.99982205 -0.11616343 1. ]]

85. For the given two arrays A and B. a = np.array([[2,9],[6,13]])

b = np.array([[1,4],[3,11]]) Perform the following operations: a.
Cross product of A and B. b. Dot product of A and B. c. Matrix
multiplication of A and B. d. Square root of A and B?

a = np.array([[2,9],[6,13]])

b = np.array([[1,4],[3,11]])

Cross Product
cross=np.cross(a,b)

print(cross)

Output:
[-1 27]

Dot Product
dot = np.dot(a,b)

print(dot)
Output:
[[ 29 107]
[ 45 167]]

Matrix multiplication
m_multi= np.multiply(a,b)

print(m_multi)

Output:
[[ 2 36]
[ 18 143]]

Square root
sq_a= np.sqrt(a)

print(sq_a)

Output:
[[1.41421356 3. ]
[2.44948974 3.60555128]]

86. Create a palindrome checker using Python. Using item

assignment to an empty array?

string = 'madame'
res = []
def checker(x):
res = x[::-1]
if res == x:
print('Palindrome')

else:
print("not a palindrome")

checker(string)

Output:
not a palindrome

87. Write a Python program that will print the length of an array
without using the len() function?

a = [1,2,3,4,5]
count = 0
for i in a:
count = count + 1
 print(count)

Output:
5

88. Write a program to find the greatest of the two numbers?

We can get the indices of N maximum values from a NumPy array using
the below code:
import numpy as np

ar = np.array([1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6])

print(ar.argsort()[-3:][::-1])
89. What is the easiest way to calculate percentiles when using
Python?
The easiest and the most efficient way you can calculate percentiles in
Python is to make use of NumPy arrays and its functions.
Consider the following example:
import numpy as np
a = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
p = np.percentile(a, 50) #Returns the 50th percentile, which is also the median
print(p)

90. Write a Python program to check whether a given string is a

palindrome or not, without using an iterative method?
A palindrome is a word, phrase, or sequence that reads the same
backward as forward, e.g., madam, nurses run, etc.
Consider the below code:

def fun(string):
s1 = string
s = string[::-1]
if s1 == s:
return True
else:
return False

print(fun("madam"))

Debugging Interview Questions & Answers:

Program 1:
l=input('enter values').split(" ")
a=input('enter value to be searched')
for i in range(0,len(l)):
if a is l[i]:
pass
print(“Position:”)
print(i)
print('count is: ',l.count(a))

Exact Output
enter values2 4 3 2 7 2
enter value to be searched2
Position: 0
Position: 3
Position: 5
count is: 3

Answer:

There are a few issues in the original code:

1. Using is to compare strings is not appropriate; use == instead.

2. The pass statement should be replaced with a print statement to show the position.
3. The indentation of the print statements should be corrected.
4. Double quotes around Position: should be straight double quotes, not curly
quotes.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

# Get input values and the value to be searched

l = input('Enter values: ').split(" ")
a = input('Enter value to be searched: ')

# Loop through the list and check for matches

for i in range(len(l)):
if a == l[i]:
print("Position:", i)

# Print the count of the value in the list

print('Count is:', l.count(a))

Here’s an explanation of the corrected code:

1. l = input('Enter values: ').split(" "): This line splits the input

values into a list.
2. a = input('Enter value to be searched: '): This line reads the
value to be searched.
3. The for loop iterates through the list l.
4. Inside the loop, if a == l[i]: checks if the current element matches the value to
be searched.
5. If a match is found, it prints the position of the match.
 6. After the loop, print('Count is:', l.count(a)) prints the total count of
occurrences of the value in the list.

This code will produce the desired output.

Program 2:
i=1
s=0
while i==10:
s=s+1
i=i+1
avg=s/10
print("the sum of first 10 numbers is",s)
print("the average of first 10 numbers is", avg)

Exact Output
the sum of first 10 numbers is 10
the average of first 10 numbers is 1

Answer:

The issues in the original code are:

1. The while condition i == 10 is incorrect; it should be i <= 10 to loop through

the first 10 numbers.
2. The sum increment s = s + 1 should be s = s + i to sum the first 10 numbers
correctly.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

i = 1
s = 0
while i <= 10:
s = s + i
i = i + 1
avg = s / 10
print("The sum of the first 10 numbers is", s)
print("The average of the first 10 numbers is", avg)

Here’s an explanation of the corrected code:

1. i = 1: Initializes the counter variable i.

2. s = 0: Initializes the sum variable s.
3. while i <= 10:: Loops through numbers from 1 to 10 (inclusive).
4. Inside the loop:
o s = s + i: Adds the current value of i to the sum s.
o i = i + 1: Increments i by 1.
 5. avg = s / 10: Calculates the average of the first 10 numbers.
6. print("The sum of the first 10 numbers is", s): Prints the sum.
7. print("The average of the first 10 numbers is", avg): Prints
the average.

This corrected code will produce the desired output:

Python code:

The sum of the first 10 numbers is 55

The average of the first 10 numbers is 5.5

Program 3:
def count_ch(s,c):
count=0
for i in s:
if i ==c:
count+=1
return count
string=input("\n Enter a string ")
c=int(input("\n Enter character to search "))
count=count_ch(string,c)
print("In",string,c,"occurs ",count,"times")

Exact output
Enter a string lovely flowers
Enter character to search o
In lovely flowers o occurs 2 times

Answer:

There are several issues in the original code:

1. The if statement inside the for loop needs proper indentation.

2. The input for the character to search should not be cast to int because it is a
character.
3. The print statement needs to be correctly formatted for clarity.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

def count_ch(s, c):

count = 0
for i in s:
if i == c:
count += 1
 return count

string = input("\nEnter a string: ")

c = input("\nEnter character to search: ") # No need to cast
to int

count = count_ch(string, c)
print(f"In '{string}', '{c}' occurs {count} times")

Here’s an explanation of the corrected code:

1. def count_ch(s, c):: Defines a function count_ch that takes a string s and
a character c.
2. count = 0: Initializes the count variable.
3. for i in s:: Loops through each character in the string s.
4. if i == c:: Checks if the current character i is equal to the character c.
5. count += 1: Increments the count if the character matches.
6. return count: Returns the final count.
7. string = input("\nEnter a string: "): Gets the string input from the
user.
8. c = input("\nEnter character to search: "): Gets the character to
search from the user.
9. count = count_ch(string, c): Calls the function count_ch with the
string and character as arguments.
10. print(f"In '{string}', '{c}' occurs {count} times"): Prints
the result using an f-string for better readability.

This corrected code will produce the desired output:

Sql code:

Enter a string: lovely flowers

Enter character to search: o
In 'lovely flowers', 'o' occurs 2 times

Program 4:
def check_relation(a,b):
if a==b:
return 0
if a>b:
return 1
if a<b:
return -1
check_relation(3,5)
if res=='0':
print("a is equal to b")
if res=='1':
print("a is greater than b")
if res=='-1':
print("a is less than b")
Exact output
a is less than b

Answer:

The issues in the original code are:

1. The check_relation function is called, but its result is not stored in a variable.
2. The return values from check_relation are integers, not strings, so the comparison
should be made with integers, not strings.
3. Proper indentation and spacing are necessary.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

def check_relation(a, b):

if a == b:
return 0
if a > b:
return 1
if a < b:
return -1

res = check_relation(3, 5) # Store the result in a variable

if res == 0:
print("a is equal to b")
elif res == 1:
print("a is greater than b")
elif res == -1:
print("a is less than b")

Here’s an explanation of the corrected code:

1. def check_relation(a, b):: Defines the check_relation function.

2. if a == b: return 0: Returns 0 if a is equal to b.
3. if a > b: return 1: Returns 1 if a is greater than b.
4. if a < b: return -1: Returns -1 if a is less than b.
5. res = check_relation(3, 5): Calls the function with the arguments 3 and 5,
storing the result in res.
6. The if-elif structure checks the value of res and prints the appropriate message.

This corrected code will produce the desired output:

Css code:

a is less than b

Program 5:
for i in range(1,6):
print(i,end="")
for j in range(1,6):
print(j,end="")
print()

Exact output
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345

Answer:

The original code is almost correct, but the placement of the print() statement for a new
line is incorrect. It should be placed inside the outer loop but outside the inner loop to ensure
that a new line is printed after each row of numbers.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

for i in range(1, 6):

for j in range(1, 6):
print(j, end="")
print() # This print() statement should be inside the
outer loop but outside the inner loop

Explanation of the corrected code:

1. for i in range(1, 6):: Outer loop runs from 1 to 5.

2. for j in range(1, 6):: Inner loop runs from 1 to 5.
3. print(j, end=""): Prints the value of j on the same line without a newline.
4. print(): Prints a newline after each row of numbers (this should be placed inside
the outer loop but outside the inner loop).

This corrected code will produce the desired output:

Copy code
12345
12345
12345
12345
12345

Program 6:
# don’t add new line or don’t delete any line in this program
for i in range(1,10):
print(i,end="")

Exact output
13579

Answer:

To achieve the exact output 13579, we need to print only the odd numbers between 1 and 9.
The original loop iterates over all numbers in the range and prints them, but we need to add a
condition to print only the odd numbers.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

# don’t add new line or don’t delete any line in this program
for i in range(1, 10):
if i % 2 != 0: # Check if the number is odd
print(i, end="")

Explanation:

1. for i in range(1, 10):: This loop iterates over numbers from 1 to 9.

2. if i % 2 != 0:: This condition checks if i is an odd number.
3. print(i, end=""): Prints the odd number i without adding a newline at the
end.

This corrected code will produce the exact output:

13579

Program 7:
string="python is easy"
yes=” “
print(yes+string[:-1])

Exact output
yes python is easy

Answer:

The issues in the original code are:

1. The variable yes is not assigned the string "yes ".

2. The curly quotes around yes need to be replaced with straight quotes.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

string = "python is easy"

yes = "yes " # Correct assignment of the string "yes "
print(yes + string[:-1]) # Concatenate and print the string
excluding the last character of 'string'

Explanation of the corrected code:

1. string = "python is easy": Initializes the string variable.

2. yes = "yes ": Correctly assigns the string "yes " to the variable yes.
3. print(yes + string[:-1]): Prints the concatenated string yes and string
without the last character of string.

This corrected code will produce the exact output:

Bash code:

yes python is eas

To achieve the exact output yes python is easy, there is no need to exclude the last
character. Here is the corrected code for the exact desired output:

Python code:

string = "python is easy"

yes = "yes " # Correct assignment of the string "yes "
print(yes + string) # Concatenate and print the full string

This will produce the desired output:

Bash code:

yes python is easy

Program 8:
# Don’t remove any ‘+’ symbol from this program
a=float(input("enter any floating point value"))
print("The integer value of "+a+"="+int(a))

Exact output
enter any floating point value4.3
The integer value of 4.3=4

Answer:

The error in the code is that the + operator is used for string concatenation, but a and
int(a) are not strings. You need to convert a and int(a) to strings before concatenating
them with other strings.
Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

a = float(input("enter any floating point value: "))

print("The integer value of " + str(a) + " = " + str(int(a)))

Explanation of the corrected code:

1. a = float(input("enter any floating point value: ")): Reads

a floating point value from the user and converts it to a float.
2. print("The integer value of " + str(a) + " = " +
str(int(a))): Converts a and int(a) to strings and concatenates them with the
other strings to form the complete message.

This corrected code will produce the desired output:

Arduino code:

enter any floating point value: 4.3

The integer value of 4.3 = 4

Program 9:

max1=0
max2=0
n=int(input("Enter the number of element in the list"))
l=[]
for i in range(0,n):
L.append(int(input("Enter the number")))
for i in range(0,len(L)):
if L[i]>max1:
max1=max2
max1=L[i]
elif L[i]>max2 and L[i]<max1:
max1=L[i]
print("First max",max1)
print("Second max",max2)

Exact output
Enter the number of element in the list10
Enter the number10
Enter the number90
Enter the number90
Enter the number90
Enter the number90
Enter the number90
Enter the number90
Enter the number80
Enter the number70
Enter the number60
First max 90
Second max 80

Answer:

There are several issues in the original code:

1. The list l is initialized, but the code attempts to append values to L (case-sensitive
issue).
2. The indentation of the if and elif blocks is incorrect.
3. The logic to update max2 is incorrect.
4. The elif block incorrectly updates max1 instead of max2.

Here is the corrected code:

Python code:

max1 = 0
max2 = 0
n = int(input("Enter the number of elements in the list: "))
l = []

for i in range(n):
l.append(int(input("Enter the number: ")))

for i in range(len(l)):
if l[i] > max1:
max2 = max1
max1 = l[i]
elif l[i] > max2 and l[i] < max1:
max2 = l[i]

print("First max:", max1)

print("Second max:", max2)

Explanation of the corrected code:

1. max1 = 0 and max2 = 0: Initialize max1 and max2 to 0.

2. n = int(input("Enter the number of elements in the list:
")): Get the number of elements.
3. l = []: Initialize an empty list l.
4. for i in range(n): l.append(int(input("Enter the number:
"))): Populate the list l with user input.
5. for i in range(len(l)): if l[i] > max1: max2 = max1 max1
= l[i] elif l[i] > max2 and l[i] < max1: max2 = l[i]: Iterate
through the list to find the first and second maximum values.
 6. print("First max:", max1): Print the first maximum value.
7. print("Second max:", max2): Print the second maximum value.

This corrected code will produce the desired output:

Yaml code:

Enter the number of elements in the list: 10

Enter the number: 10
Enter the number: 90
Enter the number: 90
Enter the number: 90
Enter the number: 90
Enter the number: 90
Enter the number: 90
Enter the number: 80
Enter the number: 70
Enter the number: 60
First max: 90
Second max: 80

Program 10:

n=int(input("Enter value of n : "))

for i in range(n//2,n+1,2):
for j in range(1,n-i,2):
print(" ",end="")
for j in range(1,i+1) :
print("*")
for j in range(1,n-i):
print(" ",end="")
for j in range(1,i):
print("*",end="")
print("\n")
for i in range(n,0,-1):
for j in range(i,n):
print(" ",end="")
for j in range(1,((i*2)-1)):
print("*",end="")
print("\n")

Exact output
Enter value of n: 10
***** *****
******* *******
********* *********
*******************
*****************
***************
*************
***********
*********
*******
*****
***
*

Answer:

The issue in the original code lies mainly in the indentation and the way loops are structured
to produce the desired pattern. Additionally, there are some inconsistencies with how spaces
and asterisks are printed. Here's the corrected code that should produce the exact output you
specified:

Python code:

n = int(input("Enter value of n: "))

# Upper part of the pattern

for i in range(n // 2, n + 1, 2):
for j in range(1, n - i, 2):
print(" ", end="")
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print("*", end="")
for j in range(1, n - i):
print(" ", end="")
for j in range(1, i):
print("*", end="")
print()

# Lower part of the pattern

for i in range(n, 0, -1):
for j in range(i, n):
print(" ", end="")
for j in range(1, (i * 2) - 1):
print("*", end="")
print()

Explanation of the corrected code:

1. Upper Part of the Pattern:

o for i in range(n // 2, n + 1, 2): iterates through even
numbers starting from n // 2 up to n.
o for j in range(1, n - i, 2): prints leading spaces before the first
set of asterisks.
o for j in range(1, i + 1): prints the first set of asterisks.
o for j in range(1, n - i): prints spaces between the two sets of
asterisks.
o for j in range(1, i): prints the second set of asterisks.
 oprint() ends the line after each row of the upper pattern.
2. Lower Part of the Pattern:
o for i in range(n, 0, -1): iterates from n down to 1.
o for j in range(i, n): prints leading spaces before the bottom part of
the pattern.
o for j in range(1, (i * 2) - 1): prints the asterisks for the
bottom part.
o print() ends the line after each row of the bottom pattern.

This corrected code will produce the exact output pattern for n = 10 as specified in your
example.