4/7/24, 9:25 PM Class 5.

Modals | enbook

B2 Grammar Block
Class 5. Modals

Class Video

B2 Grammar Class 5. Modals

Task 1-7
Modal Verbs and Related Phrases

– Hey, Kate, what are you doing here? You’re supposed to be at work!
– Oh, hi, Helen. Well, I really needed a day off. But my boss mustn’t know. He thinks I’m sick.
Modal Verbs and Related Phrases (Present / Future)

Use Modals Examples

I can play the piano.

Fred can’t speak Japanese.
can She is able to run a marathon.
Ability be able to Will you be able to help me tomorrow?
manage to in present to be able to is usually used after another verb:
She wants to be able to run a marathon.
I manage to memorise 10 new words every lesson. (the task is difficult)

can This athlete can win the competition. (certain)

could He could be still in the office. (50/50)
Possibility
may Sara may be working for the same company. (50/50)
might I might want more cake later. (perhaps)

Permission can You can come in. (informal)

could Could I go out? (more formal and polite)
may
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be allowed to May I start, please? (formal)
let She doesn’t let us listen to music very loudly.

mustn't
can’t You can’t borrow my iPod. (informal)
No permission couldn’t You mustn’t see this document. (informal)
may not She may not be left without a bodyguard. (formal)
be not allowed to

You must return me the money you borrowed last week. (I say so, it’s my strong opinion)
must
Obligation / Drivers have to wear a seatbelt in the car. (it’s the law / rule / regulation)
have to
necessity Do I have to bring my documents?
be supposed to
Are we supposed to wait here? (we are expected to do something)

Absence of We don’t have to book tickets beforehand; we will buy them before the film.
don’t have to
obligation / Alice doesn’t have to wear formal clothes at work. (it’s not necessary, you have choice)
don’t need to
necessity You don’t need to take an umbrella; there aren’t any clouds at all.

can’t You can’t park here. (it’s forbidden)

Prohibition mustn’t People can’t / mustn’t smoke in public places in Ukraine. (it’s the law)
may not You may not come in. (I don’t allow you)

could
should You should see a doctor.
Advice
shouldn’t You had better call her as soon as possible.
had better

can Can you help me, please? (informal)

could Could you repeat that, please? (polite request)
Requests may May I go out? (formal request)
will Will you please be quiet? (informal)
would Would you ask her to call me, please? (more polite and formal than could)

can
Can I help you?
shall
Offers / suggestions Shall I bring your coffee?
would like
Would you like some water?
could

She must be very tired after such a long working day.

must
I don’t know who’s taken my lunch but it might be Andrew, I’ve seen him near the fridge half
Deduction might / may / could
an hour ago.
can’t
They can’t be brothers; I know that Adam is the only child in the family.

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Task 1

Work in pairs and discuss the difference in meaning and the form of the underlined modal verbs in the sentences
below.

1. a I must work more on this project as I want my boss to like it.

b I have to work on weekends this month as two if our other managers are ill.

2. a You mustn’t drive after you’ve drunk alcohol.

b You don’t have to drive tonight, my parents can give us a lift.

3. a Our boss allows us to leave the office earlier on Fridays.

b Our boss lets us leave the office earlier on Fridays.
c Our boss makes us stay in the office until 9 pm.

4. a You should be at work when the clients arrive. It will be nice if you could meet them in person.
b You’re supposed to be at work now, what are you doing here?

5. a You must be so worried about this exam.

b Don’t worry so much, it might be easier than you think.
c It can’t be such a difficult test. Ann got a B even though she hadn’t attended most of the classes.

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SAVE SHOW ANSWERS RESET

Task 2

Choose the correct alternative.

1 You shouldn’t / don’t have to call me before you come over. I’m always home and ready to see you.

2 Their parents think they should can / be able to do their own home work without any help.

3 You can’t / don’t have to smoke in here, it’s illegal.

4 We can / must check everything before we leave and make sure that we remembered to turn everything off.

5 I want to be able to / can lift heavy weights.

6 You should / ’d better to take an umbrella today.

7 It can’t / mustn’t be my coffee; I haven’t put any sugar in mine and this one is so sweet. I think, it’s your cup.

8 Her mom allows her to / lets her to go to nightclubs on Fridays.

CHECK SHOW ANSWERS RESET

Task 3

Complete the sentences using the modal verbs from the box.

make should must should can't don’t have to may / might may / might don't have to have to have to

1 I never remember my phone number I always -- look it in my phone book.

2 She -- help you, she promised.

3 Oh, the cats are going crazy, I’m afraid they -- hurt each other!

4 We’re just visiting our friends, you -- wear anything smart.

5 July, you -- be more careful, you -- hurt her.

6 The dress code of the company says you -- wear a suit to work.

7 Look at the kitten, we -- save it!

8 We -- watch this show, if you don’t want to.

9 You -- be serious! It's impossible!

10 I think, parents mustn't -- their kids do sports they don't want.

CHECK SHOW ANSWERS RESET

Task 4

Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1 There’s no obligation for the company to provide training. (HAVE)

The company training.

2 It’s advised for staff to be on time. (SHOULD)

The staff on time.

3 We are allowed to see the supervisor. (MAY)

We the supervisor.

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4 The team leader is obliged to facilitate the team’s work. (HAS)

The team leader the team's work.

5 It’s a good idea for her to leave before dark. (SHOULD)

She before dark.

6 A valid passport is necessary to enter the country. (HAVE TO)

You to enter the country.

7 It’s prohibited to smoke in the restrooms. (CAN'T)

You in the restrooms.

8 I am obliged to finish this report before the deadline. (MUST)

I this report before the deadline.

9 It’s possible that the next meeting will take place in a café. (MIGHT)

The next in a café.

10 It’s strictly forbidden to argue with the team leader. (MUSTN'T)

You the team leader.

CHECK SHOW ANSWERS RESET

Task 5

Insert the corresponding modal verb. Use contracted negative forms.

1 If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you walk downtown and explore the waterfront.

2 Hiking the trail to the peak be dangerous if you are not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You research the

route a little more before you attempt the ascent.

3 When you have a small child in the house, you leave small objects lying around. Such objects be

swallowed, causing serious injury or even death.

4 Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they don't get enough water, they die.

5 The book is optional. My professor said we read it if we needed extra credit. But we read it if we don't want to.

6 You take your umbrella along with you today. The weatherman on the news said there's a storm north of here and it

rain later on this afternoon.

7 we pull over at the next rest stop? I really use the bathroom and I don't know if I hold it until we get

to Chicago.

8 Ned: I borrow your lighter for a minute?

Stephen: Sure, no problem. Actually, you keep it if you want to. I've given up smoking.

9 I think you tell him the truth. You are his friend.

10 I know that I study hard in order to get knowledge and a good job later.

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Task 6

Look at the phrases in bold and rewrite them using modal verbs. Use contracted negative forms.
1 It’s a good idea to listen to the radio in English while you’re driving.

You to the radio in English while you’re driving.

2 It is forbidden to use a camera in this museum.

You a camera in this museum.

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3 It’s necessary to help your parent with housework.

You your parent with housework.

4 The waiter was so pleasant and competent — I think it’s a good idea to tip him well.

The waiter was so pleasant and competent — we him well.

5 I wake up at 5 every morning even though it is really hard for me.

I at 5 every morning.

6 I think, it is possible that it will rain tomorrow.

It tomorrow.

CHECK SHOW ANSWERS RESET

Task 7

Work in pairs. Play Tic Tac Toe. Choose a square with a modal verb / phrase and make a sentence.
If your sentence is correct, put the appropriate letter (X or O) in the square.
Then, your partner takes their turn.
The aim of the game is to get “3 in a row” horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.

Round 1

CAN 'D BETTER MANAGE TO

WANT

HAVE TO TO BE MAKE

ABLE TO

ARE
ALLOWED
MIGHT SUPPOSED
TO
TO

Round 2

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MUST LET CAN'T

AM NOT
DON'T
MAY NOT SUPPOSED
HAVE TO
TO

WILL BE
COULD SHOULD
ABLE TO

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