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Unit 1 Fundamentals of Computer

The document outlines the fundamentals of computers, discussing their applications in education and healthcare, and differentiating between compilers and assemblers, system and application software. It explains artificial intelligence with examples, compares impact and non-impact printers, and details the uses of various storage devices. Additionally, it lists components of motherboards, presents a table of computer generations, and provides examples of software across different categories.

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hasnainrashid61
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9 views

Unit 1 Fundamentals of Computer

The document outlines the fundamentals of computers, discussing their applications in education and healthcare, and differentiating between compilers and assemblers, system and application software. It explains artificial intelligence with examples, compares impact and non-impact printers, and details the uses of various storage devices. Additionally, it lists components of motherboards, presents a table of computer generations, and provides examples of software across different categories.

Uploaded by

hasnainrashid61
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT 1

FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
Question/Answers

Respond the following:

1. Discuss the use of computer in any two fields of life.

• Education: Computers are used for e-learning, virtual classrooms, online research,
and creating educational materials like presentations and videos.
• Healthcare: Computers manage patient records, assist in diagnosis through medical
imaging, and support advanced treatments like robotic surgeries.

2. Differentiate Compiler and Assembler.

Compiler Assembler
Translates high-level language into machine Converts assembly language into machine
code. code.
Works with languages like C, Java, and Works with assembly language (low-level).
Python.
Outputs a complete program after translation. Translates line by line into machine code.
Examples: GCC, Turbo C. Examples: NASM, MASM.

3. Differentiate System and Application Software.

System Software Application Software


Manages hardware and system resources. Designed for specific user tasks.
Examples: Operating systems (Windows, Linux). Examples: Word processors, browsers.
Operates in the background. Operates as per user instructions.
Essential for the functioning of a computer. Optional and user-dependent.

4. Describe Artificial Intelligence with examples.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines


programmed to think and act like humans.
Examples:

• Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa.


• Autonomous vehicles (self-driving cars).
• AI-based medical diagnosis systems.

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5. Discuss Impact and Non-Impact Printers with examples.

Impact Printers Non-Impact Printers


Print by physically striking the paper. Use heat, laser, or inkjet technology to print.
Slower and noisier. Faster and quieter.
Examples: Dot Matrix Printer. Examples: Laser Printer, Inkjet Printer.

6. Write the use of these storage devices:

• Hard Disk: Used for storing the operating system, applications, and large amounts of
data permanently.
• USB Flash Disk: Portable storage device for transferring and storing smaller amounts
of data.
• SD Card: Compact storage used in devices like cameras, smartphones, and tablets.

7. Which monitor will you prefer in your school; CRT or FPD? Why?

Flat Panel Display (FPD): It is preferable due to its slim design, energy efficiency, sharper
display quality, and reduced strain on the eyes compared to CRT monitors.

8. List any five components present on the motherboard.

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Socket


2. RAM Slots
3. Power Connectors
4. Expansion Slots (PCI, PCIe)
5. Storage Connectors (SATA, M.2)

9. Prepare a table of generations.

Generation Period Technology Example of Machines


First 1940-1956 Vacuum Tubes ENIAC, UNIVAC
Second 1956-1963 Transistors IBM 1401, CDC 1604
Third 1964-1971 Integrated Circuits IBM 360, PDP-8
Fourth 1971-Present Microprocessors Intel 4004, IBM PC
Fifth Present & Beyond Artificial Intelligence Robotics, Quantum Computers

10. Examples of Business, Education, Entertainment, and Productivity Software.


S.No. Business Education Entertainment Productivity
(i) Microsoft Dynamics Google Classroom Spotify Microsoft Office
(ii) QuickBooks Khan Academy Netflix Trello
(iii) Salesforce Duolingo YouTube Evernote

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