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Design and Manufacture of Robots

The document provides an overview of designing and manufacturing line-following robots, detailing components such as sensors, processors, and motor control circuits. It also discusses various types of robots and competitions in robotics, including automatic and manual minesweepers, soccer robots, and rescue robots. Additionally, it addresses practical questions regarding robot construction and sensor operation.

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AmíchelDeJesusSalomão
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21 views3 pages

Design and Manufacture of Robots

The document provides an overview of designing and manufacturing line-following robots, detailing components such as sensors, processors, and motor control circuits. It also discusses various types of robots and competitions in robotics, including automatic and manual minesweepers, soccer robots, and rescue robots. Additionally, it addresses practical questions regarding robot construction and sensor operation.

Uploaded by

AmíchelDeJesusSalomão
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Design and manufacture of robots

Target

Getting to know the principles of building and designing robots


Designing a prototype line-following robot
Headline of content

Introduction
why robot
Why line tracking robots?
What does the line tracking robot do?
General plan of a line following robot
How is the line tracking robot guided?
Line tracking robot components
1) Line tracking robot sensors
A) variable resistance with light (photo-resistor or photocell)
b) Infrared diode
c) Photo-transistor
Infrared transmitter/receivers
Saturation of sensors
Number of sensors
Making the sensor circuit
Conversion and transmission of the sensor output to the processor circuit
Switch circuit
Transistor circuit
Switch circuit with op amp
What should be the fire point voltage?
Schmittiger circuit; A circuit with two switch levels
Converting sensor analog output to digital voltage with the help of ADC
Processor section
logic circuit
Microcontroller
3) Engine and its starter circuits
Armature or DC motor
Armature control circuit with relay
Reversing the direction of engine rotation
Engine starter chips
DC motor speed control by PWM method
stepper motor
Stepper motor starter circuit
Production of strings "zero" and "one"
Microcontroller
shift register
Buffer
Current amplification circuit
Robot displays
Chips ready to start the stepper motor
4) Robot mechanics
Where do we start?
A complete line tracking robot circuit
Necessary parts for making robots
Microcontroller software
Using the PWM method to control the speed of the motor
Reverse motor rotation
Some questions and answers about this robot
The second circuit of the line tracking robot
Microcontroller software
last word
Getting to know the world of robots
Robot Labyrinth
competition ground
Find robots
1) Automatic minesweeper robot
2) Non-automatic (manual) minesweeper robot
3) technical competition
Football simulation league
2D football simulation competition
Football coach simulation competition
3D football simulation competition
Soccer robots
League of small football player robots
Medium size soccer robot league
League of humanoid football player robots
Four-legged soccer robot league
Competition of fire fighting robots
Warrior robot competition
Rescue robots competition
Junior competitions
dog-robot
Flying robots
Humanoid robot
asimo
Robot vision
Industrial robots
Nano-robots
Familiarity with the field of robotics engineering
Title Size download link
Line drawing robot book (first edition)
Line drawing robot book (second edition)
A greeting book to robots with a pathfinder robot
The agenda of the robotics laboratory
The complete circuit of the router robot without microcontroller
The complete circuit of the router robot with a microcontroller along with the
program
Answers to your questions about line tracking robots

What is the width of the black line? How can the competition environment be
simulated?
The width of the line is 1.8 cm. To test the circuits of your robot, you can stick
a piece of black electrical glue on a white paper or fiber.

After closing the sensor circuit and switching circuit, how can you be sure of its
correct operation?
Connect an LED and a small resistor to the output of the switching circuit. Darken
the room and slowly move the light transmitter/receiver from the white background
to the black line. When the transmitter/receiver enters the line, the LED should
change state (from on to off or from off to on). Please note that the robot may
give different answers in different lighting conditions. Try to do the final tests
in conditions similar to those of the competition.

How should the optical transmitter/receiver be installed under the robot?


Install the transmitter and receiver glued together so that the receiver is not
directly exposed to the light of the transmitter or any light from the environment.
The receiver should receive only the reflection of the light that the transmitter
shines on the surface. If there is too much light, the light sensor cannot
distinguish the light reflected from the black surface from the light reflected
from the white surface. This state is called sensor saturation.
Is it necessary to use a circuit like Schmidt trigger that has two switch levels,
or can the output of the sensor be transferred to the control section with a
circuit with one switch level?

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