LEARNING MODULE IN SCIENCE 9

1
MODULE
Living Things and their Environment: Respiratory and
Circulatory System, Heredity, Inheritance and Variation,
Biodiversity and Evolution
Prepared by: EDNARD T. DIONEDA
Introduction:
Most animals are complex multicellular organisms that require a mechanism for transporting nutrients
throughout their bodies and removing waste products. The circulatory system has evolved over time from
simple diffusion through cells in the early evolution of animals to a complex network of blood vessels that reach
all parts of the human body. This extensive network supplies the cells, tissues, and organs with oxygen and
nutrients, and removes carbon dioxide and waste, which are byproducts of respiration. Hold your breath. Really!
See how long you can hold your breath as you continue reading. . . . How long can you do it? Chances are you
are feeling uncomfortable already. A typical human cannot survive without breathing for more than 3 minutes,
and even if you wanted to hold your breath longer, your autonomic nervous system would take control. This is
because every cell in the body needs to run the oxidative stages of cellular respiration, the process by which
energy is produced in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). For oxidative phosphorylation to occur,
oxygen is used as a reactant and carbon dioxide is released as a waste product.
A. TITLE/TOPIC
1. Respiratory and Circulatory System
a. Mechanics of Breathing
b. How do circulatory and respiratory system work together
c. Diseases of the respiratory and circulatory system
B. OBJECTIVES
1. Describe the relationship of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system?
2. Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect the functioning of respiratory and circulatory system
3. Trace the flow of blood in the Circulatory System.
CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

PRE ASSESMENT

A. IDENTIFICATION
1. Is the basic unit of life.
2. It is a group of tissues working together performing a function.
3. A group of organisms in a particular area of the same species.
4. A group of organ performing a function.
5. An aggregate of cells usually of a particular kind together with their intercellular substance that
form one of the structural materials of a plant or an animal.
B. The Respiratory System is primarily concerned with the exchange of gases between the body
and the environment. Below is a diagram of the Respiratory System. Label its parts using the
words in the box.  NOSE- This is the initial entrance of air into the body, where air is
filtered trapping small dirt and bacteria, and becomes wet and warm.
 PHARYNX- Passage where nose and mouth meet.
 LARYNX- It has two main functions: to regulate air flow and a
1 source of vocalization.
 TRACHEA- Made up of incomplete rings of cartilage which
2
prevents it from collapsing and allows to widen when more air is
3 needed.
4  BRONCHI- two air tubes (left and right bronchus) that carry air
5 directly into the lungs.
 LUNGS- The main organ of Respiratory System (left and right lung)
6
 BRONCHIOLES- Smaller, thinner tubes found inside the lungs that
7 branch from the bonchi.
12
8  DIAPHRAGM- Dome-shaped at the bottom of the lungs that
13 contracts and flattens when we breathe.
9
14
 ALVEOLI- Grape-like structure, are tiny air sacs with blood
10 capillaries at the end.
15  NASAL CAVITY- cavity that is found inside the nose
 ORAL CAVITY- Cavity that is found inside the Mouth
11  MOUTH- The passage of food and passage of exhaled air.
 A. The heart is the main pumping organ of the circulatory system. Below is a diagram of the heart.
Label its parts by writing your answer opposite the arrow. Choose your answer from the words
provided below.

AORTA
1
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
RIGHT ATRIUM
RIGHT VENTRICLE
6
INFERIOR VENA CAVA
PULMONARY VEIN
LEFT ATRIUM 7

2 MITRAL VALVE 8

3
HEART 9

4 10

ACTIVIT
A. Give the function of the following structures of the heart
STRUCTURE FUNCTION
Left and Right Aria
Left and Right Ventricles
Coronary arteries and veins
Anterior and Posterior Vena Cava
Aorta
Pulmonary arteries and veins
Pulmonic and tricuspid valves
Pulmonary artery and vein

B. The heart rate refers to the speed by which the heart beats per unit in time. Certain conditions of
the body will affect heart rate including age, physical activities, and the amount of oxygen
absorbed and carbon dioxide excreted. You will be able to understand more about these concepts
when you complete the Tasks in Activity 5: My Heart Says…”Lub-Dub” on Metamorphosis
(Science Series for the 21st Century Learners) pages 15-17 except Tasks 4 and 5 and letter E on
table task 7.

C. Answer the following questions with brief but accurate answers.

1. What kind of system is the circulatory system? Explain.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What types of blood vessels are there? Discuss its importance and functions
_____________________________________________________________________
3. What is the purpose of the blood vessel?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. How does blood flow in the arteries?
______________________________________________________________________
5. How does blood move into the veins?
______________________________________________________________________
6. What are capillaries?
______________________________________________________________________
7. What vital function takes place at the capillaries?
_____________________________________________________________________
 ASSESMENTS

A.
Answer Activity 7: Live Healthy, Be healthy! on Metamorphosis (Science Series for the 21 st Century
Learners) page 21.

A. Complete the Post Assessment activity on Metamorphosis (Science Series for the 21 st Century Learners)
pages 23-27.

“NO LEGACY IS SO RICH AS HONESTY”

Reference:
-Matira, Myrna D, Chico Alegria M., et al (2020) Metamorphosis 9 (Science Series for
the 21st Century Learners) K to 12 Curriculum
-Binene, Jenina L. Maglaya, Roxanne B., et al, Experiencing Science 9 (An activity-
based worktext) Revised Edition
-Structure of the heart
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/ef/a2/29/efa2293a980963f3926e7ec95fd6ca81.png

Comments and Suggestions:

HEREDITY, INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

 THINGS TO REMEMBER: Incomplete Dominance refers when the genotypes are heterozygous but the
phenotype shows no dominant trait nor recessive in simpler term, the blend, Codominance is when two traits are
express, both traits are shown in their phenotype, both are dominant with each other. Multiple alleles occur
when there are more than two alleles available for one trait. Sex Chromosomes are inherited depending on the
gender. Sex-linked genes are traits that go along with sex chromosomes that are related to disorder. Sex limited
traits and sex influenced traits which are neither found in X nor Y chromosome. It is expressed in one gender
only. Sex-influenced traits are also autosomal or body chromosomes although they are more evident in one
gender than in other gender.
Incomplete Dominance
Example: A pure bred black mice is crossed with pure bred white mice. Where black is dominant over white,
what will be the phenotype of the offspring?
We use letter B to indicate alleles that are dominant and recessive where in this case B as dominant black and b
for recessive gene. Write the genotype of the parents first, in this case pure bred BB for black and pure bred
white bb which means they are both homozygous. BB x bb. Then perform the Punnett Square.
B B In Mendelian genetics, the phenotype shows a heterozygous black
coated mice, since this is an example of Incomplete Dominance in
b Bb Bb Non-Mendelian there are few changes in its phenotype, instead of
black or white coated they are expressed as GRAY coated
b Bb Bb
offsprings. It is clear that the phenotype shows a blending on their
traits. RESULT: Phenotypic ratio: 100% gray coated mice,
Genotypic ratio: 100% Bb

PRE ASSESMENT
Find the phenotype and genotype of the following cross using a punnett square referring to the Mendelian Law
of Inheritance.
1. A homozygous red (BB) snapdragon flower is crossed with a homozygous white (WW) snapdragon
flower. What will be the phenotype and genotype of the offsprings?
2. A homozygous curly haired man has married a woman who is heterozygous straight haired and curly
hair is dominant over straight hair. What will be the percentage of the offspring who is curly and straight
haired.

ASSESMENT

Answer Activities on pages 28-37

Incomplete Dominant-page 29. In Mendelian genetics, genes segregate but in Non- Mendelian, both traits are
expressed which means alleles are blended.
Codominance-page 31-31. Where alleles are dominant with each other and both genes are expressed on the
phenotype of the offspring. RW-roan fur cattle

Multiple Alleles-page 32, 33 and 34. Remember that Blood type O is a recessive gene.

Sex Chromosomes-page 35

Sex-Linked Genes-page 37. Remember that Hemophilia is a X-linked gene which means it can only be
expressed when present on the X gene. Read Synopsis on page 38

Answer Activity on page 45, Letter e only

BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

PRE ASSESMENT

A. List at least five natural and anthropogenic causes (human activities) of species extinction. Explain how
these causes species extinction.
B. Read the article on pages 49-50 and answer questions on page 50.

C. Refer to Figure 5 and asnwer tasks on pages 51-53

ACTIVITY
CONCEPT APPRECIATION
Answer and reflect on the following questions:

1 Is evolution happening now?

2 Did we evolve from monkeys?

How can the evolution of one species affect

3 the evolution of another?

4 Is culture the result of evolution?

Does the fossil record tell us the whole

5
story?

Why do some species survive while others

6
go extinct?

If extinction is a natural part of life on

7 Earth, why should we care about protecting
endangered species?

Are humans influencing the process of

8
evolution

9 Does evolution prove there is no God?

How does evolution affect many in my daily

10
life?
 ASSESMENT

A. Answer assessment on pages 69 to 73

B. ESSAY. Explain how the failure of a population of an organism causes extinction to the abrupt change
in environment.
 ECOSYSTEM: Life Energy

PRE ASSESMENT

A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at
apex predator species, detritivores or decomposer species. Each level of a food chain represents a
different trophic level. A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical
representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community.

ACTIVITY

Draw a simple food chain and food web. Note to start at a producer.
FOOD CHAIN

FOOD WEB

Activity: Answer activity on page 75

ASSESMENT

A. Complete the explanation on the difference between photosynthesis and respiration below by filling the
missing words on the blank; refer to the table from the book on page 92.

Photosynthesis occurs in the 1._______________ during 2._______________ , where

it needs 3.____________ and 4.____________ to synthesize 5.____________ and
6.______________ where ___________as energy source . While Respiration
happens in the 7.______________ where energy is synthesize. ___________ and
_____________ as a result of the raw materials ______________ and ______________
where the energy source is on ________________ and energy is
________________in the form of ATP.

B. Answer assessment on pages 93 to 96.