Scribd
Upload
16 views12 pages

Drilling

The document provides an overview of drills and drilling processes, detailing various types of drills such as flat, twist, and deep hole drills, along with their components and applications. It also describes different drilling machines, drill-holding devices, work-holding devices, and the importance of cutting speed and feed in drilling operations. Additionally, it includes formulas for calculating cutting speed and RPM for effective drilling performance.

Uploaded by

ravi kumar H C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views12 pages

Drilling

The document provides an overview of drills and drilling processes, detailing various types of drills such as flat, twist, and deep hole drills, along with their components and applications. It also describes different drilling machines, drill-holding devices, work-holding devices, and the importance of cutting speed and feed in drilling operations. Additionally, it includes formulas for calculating cutting speed and RPM for effective drilling performance.

Uploaded by

ravi kumar H C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Drills and drilling

Drills is the basic production of cylindrical holes of definite diameters in


workpieces by using a multi cutting tool called a “drill”.
Types of drill :
 Flat drill (fig 1) : The earliest form of drill
was the flat drill which is easy to operate,
besides being inexpensive to produce.
But it is difficult to hold during operation,
and the chip removal is poor. Its operating
efficiency is very low.
 Twist drill (fig 2 ) : It is called a twist
drill as it has two or more spiral or
helical flutes formed along its length.
Two basic types of twist drills are
parallel shank and taper shank.
Twist drills are available below 13mm size.

Parts of twist drill (fig 2 ) : Drills are made from high seed steel. The flutes
are machined at an angle of 27.50 to its axis.
STRAIGHT SHANK DRILL BIT

TAPER SHANK DRILL BIT


The flutes provided a correct cutting
angle which provides an escape path
for the chips. It carries the coolant
to the cutting edge during drilling.
(fig 3)
The portions left between the flutes
are called ‘lands’. The size of the drill
is determined and governed by the
diameter over the lands.
The point angle is the cutting angle and
for general purpose work, it is 1180. the
clearance angle serves the purpose of
clearing the back of the lip from fouling
with the work. It is mostly 80.

Deep hole drill (fig 4) : the deep hole drill is


is done by using a type of drill known ‘D’
bit.
Drills are manufactured with varying
helix angles for drilling different
materials. General purpose drills
have a standard helix angle of 27.50.
They are used on mild steel and cast
iron.( fig 5a)
A slow helix drill is used on materials like
brass, gun-metal, phosphor-bronze and
plastic. (fig 5b)
A quick helix drill is used for copper, aluminium, and other soft materials.
(fig 5c)
“A quick helix drill should never be used on brass as it will ‘dig in’ and
workpiece may be thrown from the machine table.”

Drilling machines
The principal type of drilling machines are :
 The sensitive bench drilling machine
 The pillar type drilling machine
 The column drilling machine
 The radial arm drilling machine ( radial drilling machine ).
The sensitive bench drilling machine (fig 1) :
This machine is capable of drilling holes up to 12.5 mm diameter. This is
used for light duty work.
Different spindle speeds are achieved by changing the belt position in the
stepped pulleys. (fig 2)

The pillar drilling machine (fig 3 ) :


This is an enlarged version of the sensitive
Bench drilling machine. These are also used
for light duty work.
Radial drilling machine (fig 1) :
Radial drilling machines are used to drill
-- large diameter holes
-- multiple hole in one setting of work
-- heavy and large workpieces

Gang drilling machine (fig 1 ) :


It consists of a large base supporting
A long table. The top of the table is
designed in such a way that several
units may be mounted on it . Each
spindle is driven by its individual
directly connected motor.
Multiple spindle head drilling machine (fig 2) :
The multiple spindle head drilling machine
may have any number of spindles- from
4 to 48 or more, all driven from the
one-spindle drive gear in one head.

Drill-holding devices :
For drilling holes on materials, the drills are to be held accurately and
rigidly on the machine. The common drill-holding devices are drill
chucks, sleeves and sockets.
Drill chucks : Straight shank drills are
held in drill chucks. (fig 1A) For fixing
and removing drill, the chucks are provided
either with a pinion and key or a knurled ring.
The drill chuck are held on the machine
spindle by means of an arbor (fig 1B) fitted
on the drill chuck.
Taper sleeves and sockets (fig 2) :Taper shank drills have a Morse taper
Sleeves and sockets are made with the same taper so that the taper shank
drill, when engaged, will give a good wedging action. Due to this reason
morse tapers are called self-holding tapers.
In oder to make up the difference in size between the shanks of the drills
and the bore of the machine spindles, sleeves of different size are used.
When the taper shank is bigger than the machine spindle, taper sockets
are used.(fig 2)
Use of drift to remove drills and sockets from the machine spindle. (fig 3)
Work-holding devices : workpices to be drilled should be properly held
or clamped to prevent them from rotating along with the drill.
Improperly secured work is not only a danger to the operator but can
also cause inaccurate work, and breakage of the drill. Various devices
are used to ensure proper holding.
 The machine vice : most of the drilling work can be held in a machine
vice. (fig 1)
 Clamps and bolts : Drilling machine tables are provided with T-slots for
fitting bolt heads. Using clamps and bolts, the workpieces can be held
very rigidly. (fig 2)
Ther are many types of clamps and it is necessary to determine the
clamping method according to the work.(fig 4 & 5)
Cutting speed and r.p.m for drilling :
For a drill to give a satisfactory performance, it must operate at the correct
cutting speed and feed.
“Cutting speed is the speed at which the cutting edge passes over the material
while cutting and it is expressed in metres per minute”
Cutting speed is also sometimes stated as surface speed or peripheral speed.

cutting speed calculation :


Cutting speed (v) = π × d × n / 1000 = m/min
there fore r.p.m (n) = v × 1000 / d ×π
Where
n= r.p.m in per min
v = cutting speed in m / min
d = diameter of the drill in mm
Π = 22 / 7 or 3.14

Feed in drill : feed is the distance ( X )


a drill advances into the one complete
rotation. (fig 1)
Feed is expressed in hundredths of a millimetre-per rotation of the spindle.
Eg: 0.040mm/rotation of spindle.
The rate of feed is dependent upon a number of factors.
1. The finish required and material of drill.
2. Material to be drilled.

You might also like