mß.

Klfha mßKduh
Abacus Napier Bones
jir mkaoyilg muK fmr Ökfha Ôj;a jQ 1617 § iafldÜ,ka;fha isá .‚;{fhl=jk
ckhd Tjqkaf.a f.da;%fha isá ck msßi " John Napier úiska fma<s yd ;Sre hd lrñka
Tjqkaf.a f.da;%fha isák i;=ka ixLHdj .‚; .eg¨ úi£fï rgdjla f,djg y÷kajd
.Kkh lsÍu i|yd fuh Ndú; lrk fok ,§'
,§'.Kkh i|yd m<uqjrg ;dlaIKh Ndú;d
jQ wjia:dj fuhhs.
 Adding Machine Stepped Reckoner
1642-1644 ld,h ;=<§ " m%xYfha Ôj;a jQ 1673 § c¾udkq cd;sl úoHd{fhl=jk
.‚;{fhl=jk Blaise Pascal úiska f,dj m<uq Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz úiska Stepped
.‚; hka;%h ksmojks ,eîh th .‚; tl;= lsÍu Reckoner kï .Kkh lsÍfï Wmdx.h y÷kajd
yd wvq lsÍï isÿ l< yels WmlrKhls' fok ,§' fuu Wmdx.h Ndú;dfhka
.‚;l¾u ish,a, isÿlr .ekSfï yelshdj
mej;=‚'
 Punch Card System Analytical Engine
1804 § muK m%xYfha l¾udka;{fhl=jk 1837 § Charles Babbage uy;d úiska kej;
Joseph Jacquard úiska frÈ úhk hka;%j, kQ,a j;djla Analytical Engine hk hka;%h
rgdj udre lsÍug isÿrem;a ;dlaIKh y÷kajd ksmokq ,eîh'ta fya;=fjka mß.Klfha mshd hk
fok ,§'miq ld,Skj fuu ;dlaIKh úreodj,sfhka fu;=ud y÷kajkq ,nhs' fu;=udf.a
mß.Klhj, o;a; we;=<;a lsÍug yd msg;g fuu WmlrKh j¾;udk mß.Klhla yd
,nd .ekSug Ndú;d lrk ,§' ixl,amuh jYfhka iudkh'
 Frist Computer programmer Harvard Mark 1
Babbage uy;df.a Analytical Engine WmlrK Howard H' Aiken úiska Harvard úYajúoHd,fha
i|yd mß.Kl jevigyk iïmdokh lrkq yd IBM iud.fï iyh we;sj 1944§ iajhxlrK
,enqfõ ueh úisks' f,dj m%:u l%uf,aÅldj f,i wkql%óh md,k .Kl hka;%h fyj;a Harvard
o ueh y÷kajhs' Mark 1 ks¾udKh flß‚'
mß.Kl mrïmrd
 m<uq mrïmrdj^1940-1956&

;dlaIKh - ßla;l k<^vacuum tubes&

o;a; wdodkh" ieliSu " iq/lSu " m%;sodkh isÿrem;a ;dlaIKh Tiafia isÿúh'
hka;% NdIdj"wefiïí,s (Assembly) NdIdj" wdphkh lrk ,o l%uf,aL fuys§ Ndú;d úh'

m<uq mrïmrdfõ mß.Klj, wjdis :- wêl ;dmhla ksl=;a fõ'

fõ.h wvqh'
m%udkfhka úYd,h'
tyd fuyd f.k hd fkdyel'
wêl úÿ,s mßfNdackh'
ñf,ka jeäh'
Ex :- Eniac
Edvac
Edsac
Univac
IBM 701
 fojk mrïmrdj^1956-1963&
;dlaIKh-Transistor
pqïNl má" kuH ;eá^Floppy Diskette& o;a; .nvd lsÍu i|yd fhdod .eksks'
Wiia uÜgfï mß.Kl NdId ^HLL=High Level Language& iy Assembly NdIdj Ndú;d flß‚'

m<uq mrïmrdjg idfmalaIj"

m%udKhfhka l=vd úh'
;dmh wvq úh'
úÿ,s n, Ndú;dh wvq úh'
fõ.j;a úh'
ñ, jeä úh'

Ex :- Honey well 400

IBM 7094
CDC 1604
Univac Larc
 ;=kajk mrïmrdj^1964-1975&
;dlaIKh - IC = Intergrated Circuits
wkql,s; mßm:
Odß;dfjka by< oaú;Shsl wdphk Wml%u Ndú;d úh'
h;=remqjrej yd uQislh y÷kajd §u isÿúh'
fufyhqï moaO;s ìys ùu'
Wiia uÜgfï mß.Kl NdId Ndú;h'

,laIK
m%udKfhka l=vd úh'
;dmh wvq úh
fõ.h jeä úh'
ñ, wêl úh'
úÿ,s mßfNdackh wvq úh'

Ex :- IBM 360/370
DEC PDP-8
CDC 6600
 y;rjk mrïmrdj ^1975-1989&
;dlaIKh- Micro processor ^laIqø ilikh&
úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm: yd b;d úYd, m%udKfha wkql,s; mßm: Ndú;h'
LSIC = Large Scale Integrated Circuits
VLSIC = Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits
laIqø ilik Ndú;h isÿúh'
Odß;dfjka by< oDV ;eá" kuH ;eá" m%ldY ;eá Ndú;h'
fm!oa.,sl mß.Kl ks¾udKh isÿ úh'
fõ.j;a mß.Kl cd, ìys úh'
Ñ;%l w;=re uqyqK;a iys; fufyhqï moaO;s ìysúh'
GUI - Graphical User Interface
,laIK
fõ.j;a hdj;ald,Sk lSÍfï yelshdj we;s mß.Kl ks¾udKh úh'

Ex :- IBM PC
Apple Macintosh
Commodore 64
 miajk mrïmrdj^1989 isg wo olajd&

;dlaIKh - AI = (Artificial Intelligent)

lD;su nqoaêh
wêl m%udkfha wkql,s; mßm: Ndú;h'
ULSI = Ultra Large Scale Integration
tyd fuyd /f.k hd yels"Odß;djfhka jeä oDVd ;eá yd m%ldY ;eá Ndú;h'
wka;¾cd,h yd nyqudOH fhojqï Ndú;h'
AI ;dlaIKh uÕska mß.Klj,g ñksiqkag jvd l=i,;d we;sj ;SrK .kakg iy l%shd;aul
ùug wjia:dj ie,iSu'

Ex :- IBM notebook
AI-Enhanced Supercomputers
Advanced Robotics
Siri
 mß.Kl
j¾.SlrKh
 fN!;sl m%udKh wkqj mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh
iqmsß mß.Kl(Super Computer)
m%udKh w;ska wlalr y; wgla mqrd úysÿKq úYd, l¾udka; Yd,djla jeksh'
;dlaI‚l m¾fhaIK "wNHjldY .fõIK lghq;= " úYd, jHdmdr " úoHd;aul yd bxðfkareuh lghq;= yd
hqouh lghq;= jeks wjYH;d i|yd fïjd Ndú; lrhs'

Ex (- Frontier
Fugaku
Summit
Sierra
LUMI
uyd mß.Kl(Mainframe Computer)
mß.Kl mjqf,a we;s úYd,;ajh w;ska fojk mß.Klh fuhhs' fïjdfha mj;sk úfYaI;ajhka f,i"
mßYS,lhka úYd, m%udKhlg fiajd iemhSu
m¾hka; úYd, ixLHdjla iuÕ o;a; f;dr;=re yqjudrej
fmdÿ o;a; uOHia:dkhla ;=< o;a; .nvdj’
wka;¾cd, .kqfokq
E- jHdmdr yd fj<|dï

Ex (- IBM zSeries ^z15, z16&

Fujitsu GS21 Series
Hitachi AP8000 Series
HPE Integrity NonStop Systems
uOH mß.Kl(Mini Computer)
mqoa.,sl mß.Kl yereKq l< mß.Kl mjqf,a we;s l=vdu mß.Klh fuhhs' fïjd úfYaIfhka"
mß.Kl cd,lrKh
nexl= lghq;=
fmdÿ o;a; .nvd jeks wjYH;djhka i|yd Ndú;d flf¾'

Ex (- PDP-11
VAX
HP 3000
Prime 50 Series
Data General Nova
laIqø mß.Kl (Micro Computer)
fmdÿ ld¾h mß.Kl ish,a, yereKq l, f,dj we;s l=vdu mß.Kl úfYaIh fuhhs'
fïjd mqoa.,sl mß.Kl ^PC = Personal Computer & jYfhkao y÷kajhs'fïjd m%Odk ;dlaIK ;=kls'

Desktop Computer
Desktop type
Tower type
Laptop Computer
Notebook
Laptop
Palmtop Computer
Smart Phone
Tablet
PDA = portable Digital Assistance ^mqoa., wxls; iylre&
 ks¾udK ;dlaIKh wkqj mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh
m%;siu mß.Kl(Analong Computer)
mdßißl fjkiaùï " fõ.h " fjda,aàh;dj " mSvkh " WIaK;ajh hkd§ m%;siu ix{d y÷kd.; yels mß.Kl
Ex (- ixfõol iys; ud¾. ,dïmq
ld,.=K ñkqï hka;%
fõ.udml

ixLHdxl mß.Kl(Digital Computer)

idudkHfhka wm úiska Ndú;d lrkq ,nk mß.Kl

ñY% mß.Kl(Hybrid Computer)

ixLHdxl yd m%;siu ix{d hk foj¾.fhau iïñY% mß.Kl fuf,i y÷kajh'
Ex :-ECG hka;%
Flight Simulation
Medical Imaging Systems
 wruqKq wkqj mß.Kl j¾.SlrKh
úfYaI ld¾hhka i|yd fjkjQ mß.Kl (Computers for special purposes)
úfYaIs; .eg¨‍jla fyda úfYaI ld¾hhla fyda bgq lsÍu i|yd fuu mß.Kl Ndú;d flf¾'

Ex (- Embedded Systems
Digital Signal Processors ^DSPs&
Graphics Processing Units ^GPUs&
Scientific Simulators

fmdÿ ld¾hhka i|yd fjkjQ mß.Kl (Computers for general purposes)

fuu mß.Kl Ndú;d lr tÈfkod lghq;= j,g wjYH lrk ld¾hhka rdYshla bgqlr .; yel'