LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Graphical Method
 GRAPHIC AL
METHOD

• Can only be used if there are 2

decision variables.
• A Cartesian Coordinate plane is
used to solve the linear
programming problem with the
intersection of two perpendicular
lines called x- axis (horizontal line)
and Y-axis (vertical line).
• The cartesian plane has 4
quadrants, and in linear
programming, we only use
Quadrant 1 due to the non-
negativity constraints assumptions
Sample Scenario: (Maximization Problem)

ABC Company manufactures bowls and mugs. The primary resources used are pottery

clay and labor. In order to produce one unit of bowl, it requires 1 hour of labor and

4lbs of clay and for mugs, it requires 2 hours of labor and 3lbs of clay. Profit per unit of

bowl and mugs are P40 and P50, respectively. Also, there is only 40 hrs of labour and

120lbs of clay capacity per day. How many bowls and mugs should be produced to

maximize profits?
Complete Linear Programming Model:
Objective function : Maximize Z = 40x + 50y

subject to x + 2y ≤ 40;
4x + 3y ≤ 120;
x ≥ 0;
y≥ 0
Using substitution method, we can determine the no. of bowls and mugs to be
produce per day to maximize profit under the constraints.
Convert the inequality to equality equations:
x + 2y ≤ 40 x = 40-2y
→ x + 2y = 40 → 4x + 3y = 120 ;
4x + 3y ≤ 120 4x + 3y = 120 4 (40-2y) + 3y = 120 40 - 2 (8)
160 -8y + 3y = 120 40-16
-5y = -40 x = 24
y=8
 GRAPHIC AL METHOD

Inequalities Equations Coordinates of x- Coordinates of y-

intercept intercept

x + 2y ≤ 40 x + 2y = 40 (40, 0) (0,20)

4x + 3y ≤ 120 4x + 3y =120 (30,0) (0,40)

Rule : In order to find the x and y coordinates, we substitute it at value 0:

Example:
Computation of the coordinates of x and y intercept for Computation of the coordinates of x and y intercept for
equation 1: x +2y = 40 equation 2: 4x + 3y=120
x +2 (0) = 40 0 +2y = 40 4x +3(0) = 120 4 (0) +3y = 120
x = 40 2y = 40 4x = 120 3y = 120
(40,0) (0,20) (30,0) (0,40)
Sample Scenario: (Minimization Problem)
A farmer is preparing to plant a crop in the spring. There are 2 brands of fertilizer to choose from, Super

Grow and Crop quick. Each brand yields a specific amount of nitrogen and phosphate as follows:

Brand Nitrogen (lb/bag) Phosphate

(lb/bag)
Super Grow 2 4
Crop Quick 4 3

The farmer’s field requires at least 16 pounds of nitrogen and 24 pounds of phosphate. Super grow costs

P350 per bag and Crop quick costs P150 per bag. The farmer wants to know how many bags of each

brand to purchase in order to minimize the total cost of fertilizers.

Complete Linear Programming Model:
Objective function : Minimize Z = 350x + 150y

subject to 2x+ 4y ≥16 ;

4x + 3y ≥24 ;
x ≥ 0;
y≥ 0
Using substitution method, we can determine the no. of bags of super grow and crop
quick to purchase in order to minimize costs.
Convert the inequality equations to equality equations:
2x+ 4y ≥16 → 2x+ 4y =16 → 4x + 3y = 24 ; (2x+4y = 16)/2
4x + 3y =24 4 (8-2y) + 3y = 24 x+2y=8
4x + 3y ≥24 32 -8y + 3y = 24 x=8-2y
32-5y = 24 X=8-2(1.6)
8= 5y =8 - 3.2
Y= 1.6 x=4.8
 GRAPHIC AL METHOD

Inequalities Equations Coordinates of x- Coordinates of y-

intercept intercept

2x+ 4y ≥16 2x +4y = 16 (8, 0) (0,4)

4x + 3y ≥24 4x + 3y = 24 (6,0) (0,8)

Rule : In order to find the x and y coordinates, we substitute it at value 0:

Example:
Computation of the coordinates of x and y intercept for Computation of the coordinates of x and y intercept for
equation 1: 2x +4y = 16 equation 2: 4x +3y=24
2x +4 (0) = 16 2(0) +4y = 16 4x +3(0) = 24 4(0) +3y = 24
2x = 16 4y = 16 4x = 24 3y = 24
(8,0) (0,4) (6,0) (0,8)
EX ERCISES
A. Sarah started a pastry business. As a start up, she would like to offer to her
target market croissants and banana bread. In order to produce croissants and
banana bread, she needs 2 cups of milk and 4 cups of flour to bake a tray of
croissants and 4 cups of milk and 5 cups of flour to bake a tray of banana
bread. She has 18 cups of milk and 24 cups of flour. She can also earn P120.00
profit per tray of croissants and P250.00 profit per tray of banana bread. Sarah
wants to know how many trays of both croissants and banana bread to sell
that will give them the highest profit.

Using the graphical method:

1.)Give the complete LP model.
2.) How many trays of croissants to maximize the profit?
3.) How many trays of banana bread to maximize the profit?
4.)How much is the highest profit that Sarah could earn?
B. Elsa is preparing to plant vegetables in her garden. She is thinking of buying
tomato and potato seeds from two shops: Green life and Plantita. Green life
offers a bag of seed which have 2kg of tomato seeds and 4 kg of potato seeds
for P 1,500 while Plantita have 4kg of tomato seeds and 3kg of potato seeds per
bag at P 1,750.

Elsa’s garden can accommodate 10 kg of tomato seeds and 16 kg of potato

seeds to be planted. Elsa wants to know how many bags of each should she
purchase from Green life and Plantita to minimize the total cost of seeds.

Using the graphical method,

1.)Give the complete LP model.
2.) How many bags from Greenlife to purchase to minimize cost?
3.) How many bags from Plantita to purchase to minimize cost?
4.) How much is the lowest cost that Elsa could incur from buying
tomato and potato seeds?
C. A furniture company produces inexpensive tables and chairs. The production
process for each is similar in that both require a certain number of hours of
carpentry work and a certain number of labor hours in the painting department.
Each table takes 4 hours of carpentry and 2 hours in the painting department.
Each chair requires 3 hours of carpentry and 1 hour in the painting department.
During the current production period, 240 hours of carpentry time are available
and 100 hours in painting is available. Each table sold yields a profit of P 2,500;
each chair produced is sold for a P 1,500 profit. Find the best combination of
tables and chairs to manufacture in order to reach the maximum profit.

Using the graphical method:

1.)Give the complete LP model.
2.) How many tables to produce in order to maximize profit?
3.) How many chairs to produce in order to maximize profit?
4.) How much is maximum profit that can be earned?