Cambridge Institute of Technology Lab Manual Database Management System

North Campus [BCS403]

Off International Airport Road, Kundana, Bengaluru - 562110

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LABORATORY MANUAL

SUBJECT CODE: BCS403

SEMESTER: IV

Prepared by:
Prof. Gopala Krishna P
Assistant Professor
Department of Cyber Security
CIT-NC

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Experiments
1. Create a table called Employee & execute the following.
Employee(EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL,
COMMISSION)
a) Create a user and grant all permissions to the user.
b) Insert any three records in the employee table containing
attributes EMPNO,ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL,
COMMISSION and use rollback. Check the result.
c) Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the
employee table.
d) Insert null values to the employee table and verify the
result.
2. Create a table called Employee that contain attributes
EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MGR,SAL &
execute the following.
a) Add a column commission with domain to the
Employeetable.
b) Insert any five records into the table.
c) Update the column details of job
d) Rename the column of Employ table using alter command.
e) Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.
3. Queries using aggregate functions
(COUNT,AVG,MIN,MAX,SUM),Group by, Order by.
Employee(E_id, E_name, Age, Salary)
a) Create Employee table containing all Records E_id,
E_name, Age, Salary.
b) Count number of employee names from employeetable
c) Find the Maximum age from employee table.
d) Find the Minimum age from employeetable.
e) Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.
f) Find grouped salaries of employees.
4. Create a row level trigger for the customers table that would fire
for INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE operations performed on
the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the salary
difference between the old & new Salary.
CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

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5. Create cursor for Employee table & extract the values from the
table. Declare the variables, Open the cursor & extract the values
from the cursor. Close the cursor. Employee(E_id, E_name,
Age, Salary)
6. Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized Cursor, that
will merge the data available in the newly created table
N_RollCall with the data available in the table O_RollCall. If the
data in the first table already exist in the second table then that
data should be skipped.
7. Install an Open Source NoSQL Database MangoDB & perform
basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update & Delete) operations.
Execute MangoDB basic Queries using CRUD operations.

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EXPERIMENT 1: Create a table called Employee & execute the

following. Employee(EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL,
COMMISSION)
a) Create a user and grant all permissions to the user.
b) Insert any three records in the employee table containing
attributes EMPNO,ENAME JOB, MANAGER_NO, SAL,
COMMISSION and use rollback. Check the result.
c) Add primary key constraint and not null constraint to the
employee table.
d) Insert null values to the employee table and verify the result.

******************** SQL commands *********************

-- Step 1: Create a User and Grant Permissions
CREATE USER employee_user IDENTIFIED BY password123;
GRANT CONNECT, RESOURCE, DBA TO employee_user;

-- Step 2: Connect as the new user and create the Employee table
CONNECT employee_user/password123;
CREATE TABLE Employee (
EMPNO NUMBER,
ENAME VARCHAR2(50),
JOB VARCHAR2(50),
MANAGER_NO NUMBER,
SAL NUMBER,
COMMISSION NUMBER
);

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-- Insert three records and rollback

INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION) VALUES (101, 'Alice',
'Manager', 1001, 60000, 5000);
INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION) VALUES (102, 'Bob',
'Developer', 1002, 55000, 3000);
INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION) VALUES (103, 'Charlie',
'Analyst', 1003, 50000, 2000);
ROLLBACK;
SELECT * FROM Employee; -- Verify that rollback was successful

-- Step 3: Add Primary Key and Not Null Constraints

ALTER TABLE Employee
ADD CONSTRAINT PK_EMPNO PRIMARY KEY (EMPNO);
ALTER TABLE Employee
MODIFY (EMPNO NOT NULL, ENAME NOT NULL, JOB NOT
NULL, MANAGER_NO NOT NULL, SAL NOT NULL);

-- Step 4: Attempt to insert null values

INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB,
MANAGER_NO, SAL, COMMISSION) VALUES (104, NULL,
'Clerk', 1004, 40000, NULL); -- This should fail

-- Verify that the insert with null values failed

SELECT * FROM Employee;

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OUTPUT:

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EXPERIMENT 2: Create a table called Employee that contain

attributes EMPNO,ENAME,JOB, MGR,SAL & execute the following.
a) Add a column commission with domain to the Employeetable.
b) Insert any five records into the table.
c) Update the column details of job
d) Rename the column of Employ table using alter command.
Delete the employee whose Empno is 105.

***************** SQL Commands ********************

-- Step 1: Create the Employee Table
CREATE TABLE Employee
(EMPNO NUMBER,
ENAME VARCHAR2(50),
JOB VARCHAR2(50),
MGR NUMBER,
SAL NUMBER
);

-- Step 2: Add a column commission with domain

ALTER TABLE Employee
ADD COMMISSION NUMBER;

-- Step 3: Insert five records into the table

INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL,
COMMISSION) VALUES (101, 'Alice', 'Manager', 1001, 60000,
5000);

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INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL,

COMMISSION) VALUES (102, 'Bob', 'Developer', 1002, 55000,
3000);
INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL,
COMMISSION) VALUES (103, 'Charlie', 'Analyst', 1003, 50000,
2000);
INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL,
COMMISSION) VALUES (104, 'David', 'Clerk', 1004, 40000, 1000);
INSERT INTO Employee (EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, MGR, SAL,
COMMISSION) VALUES (105, 'Eve', 'Sales', 1005, 45000, 1500);

-- Step 4: Update the column details of job

UPDATE Employee
SET JOB = 'Senior Developer'
WHERE ENAME = 'Bob';

-- Step 5: Rename the column commission to bonus

ALTER TABLE Employee
RENAME COLUMN COMMISSION TO BONUS;

-- Step 6: Delete the employee whose Empno is 105

DELETE FROM Employee
WHERE EMPNO = 105;

-- Verify the final state of the table

SELECT * FROM Employee;

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OUTPUT:

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EXPERIMENT 3: Queries using aggregate functions (COUNT,

AVG, MIN, MAX, SUM), Group by, Order by. Employee(E_id,
E_name, Age, Salary)
a) Create Employee table containing all Records E_id, E_name,
Age, Salary.
b) Count number of employee names from employeetable
c) Find the Maximum age from employee table.
d) Find the Minimum age from employeetable.
e) Find salaries of employee in Ascending Order.
f) Find grouped salaries of employees.
***************** SQL Commands ********************
-- Step 1: Create the Employee Table and Insert Records

CREATE TABLE Employee

( E_id NUMBER PRIMARY
KEY,E_name VARCHAR2(50),
Age NUMBER,
Salary NUMBER
);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (1,
'Alice', 30,
60000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (2,
'Bob', 25,
55000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (3,
'Charlie',
35, 70000);

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INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (4,

'David', 28,
50000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (5,
'Eve', 40,
75000);

-- Step 2: Count number of employee names

SELECT COUNT(E_name) AS EmployeeCount FROM Employee;

-- Step 3: Find the maximum age from the employee table

SELECT MAX(Age) AS MaxAge FROM Employee;

-- Step 4: Find the minimum age from the employee table

SELECT MIN(Age) AS MinAge FROM Employee;

-- Step 5: Find salaries of employees in ascending order

SELECT E_name, Salary FROM Employee ORDER BY Salary
ASC;

-- Step 6: Find grouped salaries of employees

SELECT Salary, COUNT(*) AS EmployeeCount FROM Employee
GROUP BY Salary;

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OUTPUT:

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EXPERIMENT 4: Create a row level trigger for the customers table

that would fire for INSERT or UPDATE or DELETE operations
performed on the CUSTOMERS table. This trigger will display the
salary difference between the old & new Salary.
CUSTOMERS(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)
***************** SQL Commands ********************

-- Creating the CUSTOMERS table

CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS
(ID INT PRIMARY KEY,
NAME VARCHAR(50),
AGE INT,
ADDRESS VARCHAR(255),
SALARY NUMBER
);
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

-- Creating the row-level trigger

CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER salary_difference_trigger
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON CUSTOMERS
FOR EACH ROW
DECLARE
old_salary NUMBER;
new_salary NUMBER;
BEGIN

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IF INSERTING OR UPDATING THEN

old_salary := :OLD.SALARY;
new_salary := :NEW.SALARY;
ELSIF DELETING THEN
old_salary := :OLD.SALARY;
new_salary := NULL; -- Set to NULL for deleted rows
END IF;
IF old_salary IS NOT NULL AND new_salary IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary difference: ' || (new_salary -
old_salary));
ELSIF old_salary IS NULL AND new_salary IS NOT NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('New salary: ' || new_salary);
ELSIF old_salary IS NOT NULL AND new_salary IS NULL THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Salary deleted');
ELSE
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No salary changes');
END IF;
END;
/
-- Inserting some sample data
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS,
SALARY) VALUES (1, 'John Doe', 30, '123 Main St', 50000);
INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID, NAME, AGE, ADDRESS,
SALARY) VALUES (2, 'Jane Smith', 25, '456 Elm St', 60000);

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-- Updating a record to test the trigger

UPDATE CUSTOMERS SET SALARY = 55000 WHERE ID = 1;
-- Deleting a record to test the trigger
DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE ID = 2;
OUTPUT:

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EXPERIMENT 5: Create cursor for Employee table & extract the

values from the table. Declare the variables, Open the cursor & extract
the values from the cursor. Close the cursor. Employee(E_id, E_name,
Age, Salary)
***************** SQL Commands ********************
-- Creating the Employee table
CREATE TABLE Employee (
E_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
E_name VARCHAR2(100),
Age NUMBER,
Salary NUMBER
);
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

-- Inserting the sample data values in the table

INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (1,
'Alice', 30, 50000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (2,
'Bob', 25, 45000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (3,
'Charlie', 35, 55000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (4,
'David', 28, 48000);
INSERT INTO Employee (E_id, E_name, Age, Salary) VALUES (5,
'Eve', 32, 52000);

COMMIT;

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-- Create and Use the Cursor in PL/SQL

-- Declare a PL/SQL block to work with the cursor
DECLARE

-- Declare the cursor

CURSOR emp_cursor IS
SELECT E_id, E_name, Age, Salary FROM Employee;

-- Declare variables to hold the values from the cursor

v_E_id Employee.E_id%TYPE;
v_E_name Employee.E_name%TYPE;
v_Age Employee.Age%TYPE;
v_Salary Employee.Salary%TYPE;
BEGIN

-- Open the cursor

OPEN emp_cursor;

-- Loop through the rows returned by the cursor

LOOP

-- Fetch each row into the variables

FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_E_id, v_E_name, v_Age,
v_Salary;

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-- Exit the loop when no more rows are found

EXIT WHEN emp_cursor%NOTFOUND;

-- Display the values (or you can process them as needed)

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('E_id: ' || v_E_id || ', E_name: ' ||
v_E_name || ', Age: ' || v_Age || ', Salary: ' || v_Salary);
END LOOP;

-- Close the cursor

CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;
/
OUTPUT:

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EXPERIMENT 6: Write a PL/SQL block of code using parameterized

Cursor, that will merge the data available in the newly created table
N_RollCall with the data available in the table O_RollCall. If the data
in the first table already exist in the second table then that data should
be skipped.
***************** SQL Commands ********************
-- Create the new roll call table
CREATE TABLE N_RollCall
( ID NUMBER PRIMARY
KEY,Name VARCHAR2(100),
Roll_Number NUMBER
);

-- Create the old roll call table

CREATE TABLE O_RollCall
( ID NUMBER PRIMARY
KEY,Name VARCHAR2(100),
Roll_Number NUMBER
);
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

-- Insert sample data into N_RollCall

INSERT INTO N_RollCall (ID, Name, Roll_Number) VALUES (1,
'Alice', 101);
INSERT INTO N_RollCall (ID, Name, Roll_Number) VALUES (2,
'Bob', 102);

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INSERT INTO N_RollCall (ID, Name, Roll_Number) VALUES (3,

'Charlie', 103);

-- Insert sample data into O_RollCall

INSERT INTO O_RollCall (ID, Name, Roll_Number) VALUES (2,
'Bob', 102);
INSERT INTO O_RollCall (ID, Name, Roll_Number) VALUES (4,
'David', 104);
COMMIT;

-- Create the PL/SQL Block with Parameterized Cursor

DECLARE
-- Declare a cursor with parameters
CURSOR n_rollcall_cursor IS
SELECT ID, Name, Roll_Number FROM N_RollCall;

-- Declare variables to hold the values from the cursor

v_ID N_RollCall.ID%TYPE;
v_Name N_RollCall.Name%TYPE;
v_Roll_Number N_RollCall.Roll_Number%TYPE;
BEGIN

-- Open the cursor

OPEN n_rollcall_cursor;

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-- Loop through the rows returned by the cursor

LOOP

-- Fetch each row into the variables

FETCH n_rollcall_cursor INTO v_ID, v_Name,
v_Roll_Number;

-- Exit the loop when no more rows are found

EXIT WHEN n_rollcall_cursor%NOTFOUND;

-- Check if the record already exists in O_RollCall

BEGIN
DECLARE
v_count NUMBER;
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO v_count
FROM O_RollCall
WHERE ID = v_ID;

-- If the record does not exist, insert it into O_RollCall

IF v_count = 0 THEN
INSERT INTO O_RollCall (ID, Name, Roll_Number)
VALUES (v_ID, v_Name, v_Roll_Number);
END IF;
END;

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END;
END LOOP;

-- Close the cursor

CLOSE n_rollcall_cursor;

-- Commit the changes

COMMIT;

-- Output the results

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Data merged successfully.');

-- Display the merged data from O_RollCall

FOR rec IN (SELECT ID, Name, Roll_Number FROM
O_RollCall ORDER BY ID) LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ID: ' || rec.ID || ', Name: ' ||
rec.Name || ', Roll_Number: ' || rec.Roll_Number);
END LOOP;
END;
/
OUTPUT:

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EXPERIMENT 7: Install an Open Source NoSQL Database

MangoDB & perform basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update & Delete)
operations. Execute MangoDB basic Queries using CRUD operations.
***************** SQL Commands ********************
Resource:
✓ https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community
✓ https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/shell?jmp=docs
✓ https://www.mongodb.com/docs/manual/tutorial/install-
mongodb-on-windows/
Procedure:
1. Install MangoDB Community Edition NoSQL database
(windows 64-bit):
a. Download the MongoDB Community .msi installer from
the following link:
https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community
b. Run the installer.
c. Choose the complete setup.
d. Select Install MongoD as a Service followed by Run
service as Network Service user.

e. Install MongoDB Compass and when ready click Install.

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f. Download mongosh .msi installer from the

link:
https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/shell

g. Double click the downloaded installer file and follow the

prompts to install mongosh.
h. Add the mongosh binary to your PATH environment
variable.
i. Open control panel and in system and security
category click system.
ii. Click Advanced system settings then click
Environment Variables.
iii. In the System variables section, select Path and click
Edit. The Edit environment variable modal displays.
iv. Click New and add the filepath to your mongosh
binary(bin). Here in this case filepath was
“C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\7.0\bin”
v. Click OK on each modal to confirm your changes.
i. Verify that your PATH environment variable is correctly
configured to find mongosh, open command prompt and
enter:
✓ mongod.exe
✓ mongosh.exe

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2. Initial basic commands

a. To create a database and switch to it: use <database name>
// e.g. use mydatabase
b. To show database list: show dbs
c. To create collection: db.createCollection(“<name>”)
//e.g. db.createCollection(“users”)
d. To see collections: show collections
e. To verify CRUD operations: db.<collection_name>.find()
// e.g. db.users.find()
Perform basic CRUD (create, read, update & delete) operations.
Insert a document
db.users.insertOne({ name: "Alice", age: 25, city:
"New York" })
db.users.insertMany([{ name: "Bob", age: 30, city:
"Los Angeles" }, { name: "Charlie", age: 35, city:
"Chicago" }])
db.users.find() --Verify
Read
db.users.findOne({ name: "Alice" })
db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } })
c. Update
i. db.users.updateOne({ name: "Alice" }, { $set: { age:
26 } })
ii. db.users.updateMany({ age: { $lt: 30 } }, { $set: { city:
"San Francisco" } })
iii. db.users.find() --Verify
d. Delete
i. db.users.deleteOne({ name: "Alice" })
ii. db.users.deleteMany({ age: { $gte: 30 } })
iii. db.users.find() --Verify

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OUTPUT:
Basic commands

Create/Insert commands

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Read Commands:

Update commands:

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Delete commands:

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