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Practice 2

The document outlines a practice exercise for EGR330401 at Al Akhawayn University, focusing on atomic arrangement and crystallographic defects in crystalline solids. It includes tasks such as identifying types of defects, explaining their effects on ductility, calculating planar density and interplanar spacing, and determining lattice parameters using X-ray diffraction data. Additionally, a bonus question involves calculating the density of vacancies in a given element.

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1 views2 pages

Practice 2

The document outlines a practice exercise for EGR330401 at Al Akhawayn University, focusing on atomic arrangement and crystallographic defects in crystalline solids. It includes tasks such as identifying types of defects, explaining their effects on ductility, calculating planar density and interplanar spacing, and determining lattice parameters using X-ray diffraction data. Additionally, a bonus question involves calculating the density of vacancies in a given element.

Uploaded by

chaimaalabyad0329
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane EGR330401 - Fall 2023

School of Science and Engineering Dr. Mohamed Hassan Khalili

Practice 2: Atomic Arrangement & Crystal Imperfection

Crystallographic defect
Crystallographic defect is an interruption of the regular patterns of arrangement of atoms or molecules in
crystalline solids. The positions and orientations of particles, which are repeating at fixed distances deter-
mined by the unit cell parameters in crystals, exhibit a periodic crystal structure, but this is usually imperfect.
Several types of defects are often characterized: point defects, line defects, surface defects...

1. Give one example for each type of defect and explain it.

2. Explain how line defects promote ductility in metals.

Figure (1) shows two planes in a cubic lattice crystal.

Figure 1: Planes in a cubic lattice.

3. Give the Miller notation for planes A and B.

Figure (2) is a projection of the planes A and B in 2D space, with S is the surface of one atom and a0 is the
lattice parameter.

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Figure 2: Planes A and B in 2D.

4. Deduce the type of cubic lattice this crystal has.

5. Compute the planar density and interplanar spacing1 of planes A and B in terms of S and a0 .

6. In which plane dislocation slip is more probable to happen?

⃝ Plane A.
⃝ Plane B.
⃝ We cannot decide.

An X-ray diffraction experiment using x-rays with λ = 0.7107 Å around the [111] direction shows a peak
(amplification) at θ = 16.5 ◦ . We recall that in Miller indices, a direction [hlk] is perpendicular to the plane
(hlk) and that Bragg’s law can be taken as:

λ = 2d sin(θ )

where d is the interplanar spacing.

7. Find the lattice parameter a0 and the atomic radius.

Bonus question:
The atomic mass of this element is 14 g/mol and its experimental density is 8.98 g/cm3 . The Avogadro number
is 6.022 × 1023 mol−1 . Determine the density of vacancies in the element (atoms/cm3 ).

1 The a0
interplanar spacing of plane (hlk) is given by d(hkl ) = √
h2 + k 2 + l 2

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