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UNIVERSITY OF ILESA, ILESA

Faculty of Sciences, Department of Industrial Chemistry
CHM 101 TUTORIAL QUESTIONS (2024/2025 Harmattan Semester)

1ai What is the main evidence about atomic structure provided by J.J Thompson
ii Give two limitations of the Neil Bohr’s model of atom
iii Write the electronic configuration and identify the periodic group for the element of atomic
number 15
bi Consider an element 23994X, how many protons and electrons are there in the 3+ of the element
ii Give the atomic numbers 3, 17 and 20,
(iii) Identify the elements represented with the atomic numbers
(iv) workout the group, period and block of the elements
(v) Arrange the elements in (biv) above in order of increasing ionization energy, electron affinity,
atomic radius and electronegativity.
(vi) State two elements in the periodic table that exhibit allotropy
2(a) Define the following terms

(i) quantum numbers

(ii) electron affinity
(iii) electronegativity

b (i) State the periodic law

(ii) List four quantum numbers
(ii) Given an electropositive element with an atomic number of 3,11 and 19, deduce the
characteristics of the element
(iii) Using the information in bii above, arrange the elements in order of their increasing atomic
radii, atomic volume and ionic radii
(c) According to the periodic table, list two elements that can be found under the classes listed
below and state at least one characteristic of elements in each class.

(i) Alkali metal

(ii) Alkali earth metal
(iii) Halogen
(iv) Noble gas

3ai) Express Boyle’s Law graphically

ii) Express Charle’s Law mathematically
iii) Combined Gas Law can be expressed mathematically as
iv) Define the terms contained in Ideal Gas Law; PV = nRT
v) State 2 postulate kinetic theory of gases
vi) State Avogadros Law and express the law mathematically
b) An enclosed vessel contains 2.8g of nitrogen and 14.2 g of chlorine at atmospheric pressure
and 00C. What will be the partial pressure of the nitrogen, if the temperature is raised
to1800C? (N =14, Cl = 35.5)
c) 9.0 moles of a gas occupy 1800 cm3 at 1 atmospheric pressure and 270C. Calculate the
pressure this gas would exert under the same conditions, if it were an ideal gas? (R = 8.314
Jmol-1K-1, 1atm = 1.01 × 105 Nm-2)
d) A sample of gas has a volume of 500cm3 at 450C. What volume will the gas occupy at 00C
when the pressure is constant?
4a. Define the following

(i) Endothermic
(ii) Exothermic
(iii) Enthalpy of formation
(iv) Enthalpy of combustion

b(i) State Hess’s law

(ii) Given the enthalpy of formation of the reaction below as -2828 kJ/mol, CO2 (392.6 kJ/mol)
and H2O (-298.9 kJ/mol), calculate the enthalpy of combustion of glucose
C6H12O6 + O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
c. If the density of ethane is 1.264 g/dm3 at 20oC. Calculate the molar mass of thane. Given that
H=1.00794 and C=12.0107, compare the results obtained from your calculation with the actual
molecular mass. Account for any difference if it exists
d(i). 300 cm3 of air at a pressure of 100kPa is compressed to a volume of 200 cm3. What will be
the pressure of the compressed air?
(ii) what will be the volume that will be required to store 20 cm3 of butane gas if it is to be
compressed from 1.5 atm to 10 atm.
5ai What is Hybridization?
ii List three types of Hybridization.
iii State one important of Hybridization in a molecular shape.
iv State two examples of molecules with different Hybridization.
v State 2 examples of linear shapes.
bi. What is the difference between crystalline and amorphous solids.
ii Which types of bonding is responsible for holding atoms together in a metallic solid.
iii. Explain step by step process for determining Hybridization.
iv. What are intramolecular forces?
v. Explain crystalline and amorphous of solids.
6ai What is Chemical bonding?
ii. Explain electrovalent and covalent bonding with 2 examples each.
iii. State 4 properties of electrovalent bonding.
iv. State 3 properties of covalent bonding.
v. Explain Hydrogen bonding.
bi What are intermolecular forces?
ii. State 2 importance of intermolecular forces
iii. Describe the difference between intramolecular forces and intermolecular forces.
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iv. What are the 3 main types of intermolecular forces
v. Describe the role of intermolecular forces in biological system.
7a Balance the following equations:
i) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(I)
ii) KClO3 → KCl + O2
iii) C + H2O → CO + H2
iv) H2SO4 + KOH → K2SO4 + H2O
v) ZnCO3 + HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O + CO2
b) Calculate the empirical formula of the following compounds from the percentage
composition by mass
i) Ca = 71.45%, O = 28.55%
ii) Na = 32.5%, S = 22.6%, O = 44.9%
iii) Ag = 63.50%, N = 8.25%, O = 28.25%
(Ca = 40, O = 16, Na = 23, S = 32, Ag = 108, N = 14)
(ci) Calculate the mass of lead which would be obtained by heating 32.5g of trilead tetraoxide
in as stream of hydrogen and the mass of water formed at the same time. (Pb = 207, H = 1,
O = 16)
(ii) What volume of oxygen measured at s.t.p will be produced on heating 24.5g of potassium
trioxochlorate (v)?
(iii) What is the mass of potassium chloride produced in the reaction? (K = 39, Cl = 35.5, O =
16)

8. (a) Calculate the work done by 1 mole of an ideal gas in a piston fitted cylinder at the initial
pressure of 24.83 atm pressure and 300 K to expand its volume to 10 litre if
i. External pressure is reduced to 1 atm in single step.
ii. External pressure is reduced to 5 atm in 1st operation and then 1 atm in next step.
iii. Gas is allowed to expand into an evacuated space of 10 litre.

(b) i. During the analysis of the products, even when a portion of the mixture is removed, the rate
of reaction in the remaining mixture is not affected. Explain.

(c) A gas contained in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston expands

against a constant external pressure of 1 atm from a volume of 5 litres to a volume of 10 litres. In
doing so it absorbs 400 J thermal energy from its surroundings. Determine ΔE for the process.

9.(a) Explain the following terms: (i) State of a System (ii) Extensive Properties (iii) Closed System
(iv) Isothermal Process
(b) i. The heat of combustion of ethylene at 17ºC and at constant volume is – 332.19 kcals.
Calculate the heat of combustion at constant pressure considering water to be in
liquid state. (R = 2 cal degree–1 mol–1)
ii. Calculate ΔHº for the reaction: CO2(g) + H2(g) →CO(g) + H2O(g) given that ΔHf for CO2(g), CO(g)
and H2O(g) are – 393.5, – 111.31 and – 241.80 kJ mol–1 respectively.
(c) i. What will be the effect of temperature on rate constant?
ii. For the reaction 2NO + Cl2 → 2NOCl. At 300 K, following data are obtained:
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 Exp. No. [NO] [Cl2] Initial Rate
1. 0.010 0.010 1.2 × 10–4
2. 0.020 0.020 2.4 × 10–4
3. 0.020 0.020 9.6 × 10–4

What is the rate law for the reaction and the order of the reaction? Also calculate the specific rate
constant.

10. (a) One mole of H2 and one mole of I2 were heated in a 1 litre sealed glass box at 490°C till
the equilibrium was reached. Assuming that the equilibrium constant is 45.9, find the final
concentrations of H2, I2 and HI.
(b) Calculate the heat of formation of potassium hydroxide from the following data.
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(i) K(s) + HO (aq) → KOH + 2H2 Δ H = – 48.0 kcal
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(ii) H2(g) + 2 O2(g) → H2O(l) Δ H = – 68.5 kcal
(iii) KOH(s) → KOH(aq) Δ H = – 14.0 kcal
(c) At 500°C, the reaction between N2 and H2 to form ammonia has Kc = 6.0 × 10–2. What is the
numerical value of Kp for the reaction?

11. (a)(i) List three observable changes that take place when a dilute solution of copper (II) chloride
is electrolysed using platinum electrodes. Stage III
(ii) Calculate the quantity of electricity used during electrolysis when a current of 0.21 ampere
flows for 2 hours.
(iii) State what is meant by the term preferential discharge of ions in electrolysis
(iv) Give one factor which influences the preferential discharge of ions during electrolysis.
(v) State one Q difference between-a conductor and an electrolyte.
(b) Consider the reaction represented by the equation below: Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCI(aq) →2NaCI(aq) +
H2O(l)+ SO2(g) + S(s)
(i) List two factors that can affect the rate of this reaction.
(i) Which of the products can be readily used to measure the rate of the reaction. Give a reason for
your answer.
(iii) Name two instruments that can be used to measure factors in (b)(i) above.
(c)(i) State the reasons for regarding rusting and burning as oxidation processes.
(ii) I. Write the balanced half equations for the following redox reaction:
Mg(s) + Fe2+(aq) →Mg2+(aq) + Fe(s)
II. Which of the reactants is the oxidizing agent?
Ill. State the change in the oxidation number of the oxidizing agent.

12a Define an atom.

(b) State two differences between an atom and a molecule.
(c) Explain how atoms combine to form molecules.
(d) Give two examples each of monoatomic, diatomic, and triatomic molecules.
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(e) Describe briefly the structure of an atom with respect to its subatomic particles.
13(a) Define an element and a compound, giving two examples of each.
(b) Differentiate between an element and a compound based on their composition and properties.
(c) Write the chemical formula of two compounds and state the elements present in each.
(d) Explain why compounds have fixed compositions while mixtures do not.
(e) List two physical and two chemical properties of elements.
14a. Given that the abundances of isotopes 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe are 5%, 90% and
5%, respectively. What is the average atomic mass of Iron?

b. Reaction of Br2 with Na2CO3 in aqueous solution gives sodium bromide and sodium
bromate with evolution of CO2 gas. What is the number of mole of sodium bromide involve
in the balanced chemical equation?
c. Therefore, the mole of sodium bromide involved is 1
d. Determine the oxidation number of nitrogen in (a) NH2 -NH2, (b) NOCl
e. Is the following a redox reaction? If so, identify the substance oxidized and the substance
reduced as well as the oxidizing and reducing agents.
15a. In passing chlorine gas through a concentrated solution of alkali (OH-), we get chloride
(Cl-) and chlorate ( ClO3− ) ions. Obtain the balanced chemical equation for this reaction

b. Draw a qualitative graph to show how the first property varies with the second in each of
the following (assume 1 mole of an ideal gas and T in kelvins).
a. PV versus V with constant T
b. P versus T with constant V
c. T versus V with constant P
d. P versus V with constant T
e. P versus 1/V with constant T
c. A mixture of 1.00 g H2 and 1.00 g He is placed in a 1.00-L container at 278C. Calculate
the partial pressure of each gas and the total pressure.
d. The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.24 J oC-1 g-1.
i. Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 150.0 g Ag from 273 K to
298 K.
ii. Calculate the energy required to raise the temperature of 1.0 mole of Ag by 1.0 oC
(called the molar heat capacity of silver).
iii. It takes 1.25 kJ of energy to heat a sample of pure silver from 12.0oC to 15.2oC.
Calculate the mass of the sample of silver.
16a. The standard enthalpy of combustion of ethene gas [C2H4(g)] is -1411.1 kJ/mol at 298 K.
Given the following enthalpies of formation, calculate H of for C2H4(g).
CO2(g) -393.5kJ/mol
H2O(l) -285.8 kJ/mol
b When magnesium metal is added to a beaker of HCl(aq), a gas is produced. Knowing that
magnesium is oxidized and that hydrogen is reduced, write the balanced equation for the reaction.

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How many electrons are transferred in the balanced equation? What quantity of useful work can
o
be obtained when Mg is added directly to the beaker of HCl? EMg Mg 2+
= −2.37V
17a Define an acid according to Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theories.
b Differentiate between a strong acid and a weak acid with examples.
c Explain the term "amphoteric substance" and give one example.
d Describe the process of neutralization and write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction
between nitric acid and potassium hydroxide.
e State two differences between normal salts and acidic salts with examples.
18a Define a base according to the Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry theories
b Explain the difference between an alkali and a base, giving two examples of each.
c What is a buffer solution? Explain its importance in biological systems.
d Describe how you would prepare sodium chloride (NaCl) in the laboratory using an acid and a
base. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
e Explain why a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) conducts electricity, while pure water does
not.
19a Define Hybridization and state the kind of hybridization.
b Define the kind of hybridization with example.
c Describe the steps involved in the formation of each hybridization.
d Describe the characteristics of each hybridization using their geometry, bond angles, number of
hybrid orbitals with percentage of s and p orbitals.
e What is the significance of dsp2 and d2sp3 hybridization.
20a What is Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory.
b Describe the steps involved for predicting molecular shapes using VSEPR theory.
c State five significant reasons of valence force.
d What are the classes of solids with examples.
e Describe the properties of classes of solids.

. Best of Luck!