SPOKEN ENGLISH

Conversation Side

Exercise One – Conversation : Meeting Someone

Listen to the conversation and practice :

Noriko : Hi! My name is Noriko Sato. I am from Osaka, Japan, What is your name?
Chuck : I’m Chuck O’Brien.
Noriko : And where are you from, Chuck?
Chuck : I’m from Austin, Texas.
Noriko: Oh, really? Nice to meet you.
Chuck: Nice to meet you, too.
Noriko: By the way, what do you do?
Chuck: I’m a sales manager. And how about you?
Noriko: I’m a dance instructor.
Chuck: Hey, Noriko, can I join your class?
Practice again using your own information.

Useful expressions:

I am a homemaker.
I am a student.
I am retired.
Management &
Business
Exercise Two – Word Practice : Jobs

Look at the diagram. Fill in the blanks with words from the list:

Bank president Bank manager

Office Work
Architect Clerk Jobs
Receptionist Doctor Professions
Sales manager Engineer
Secretary Typist
Supervisor Lawyer

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Exercise Three – Countries & Nationalities

Country Nationality Country Nationality

Australia Australian Italy

Brazilian Japanese

Britain Mexico

China Portuguese

Canadian Spain

Germany American

Add more countries and nationalities. Take turns practicing the following dialogue:

A: What is someone from Spain called?

B: He / She is called Spanish

Exercise Three – Countries & Nationalities

Listen to the conversation and practice:

Giovanni : Hello.
Vera: Hi!
Giovanni: Excuse me. Are you from Italy?
Vera: No, I’m from Brazil.
Giovanni: Oh? What city are you from?
Vera: I’m from Sao Paulo.
Giovanni: Oh, really? By the way, my name is Giovanni.
Vera: Hi, I’m Vera.
Giovanni: Are you on vacation here?
Vera: No, I’m not. I’m studying English.

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Exercise Five — Grammar Practice: Yes / No, “be” verb
Examples:

Are you from Italy? No, I’m not I am from Brazil.

Are you a student? Yes, I am.
Is Paul a writer? Yes, he is.
Is Carol French? No, she isn’t. She’s Canadian.

Complete these conversations. Then practice them:

1. A: you from the United States. B: Yes, I _. I’m from Chicago States?
2. A: Rosa from Chile? B: No, she _. She’s form Argentina.
3. A: George Michael an actor? B: No, he . He a singer.
4. A: Are in English 101? B: No, I’m . I’m in English 102.

Ask questions as above about classmates or famous people.

Exercise Six – Our World: The English Language

English in the World Today

English is the universal language of the internet

English is the first language in 12 countries. People use English as a second language in 23 countries.
The number of speakers is around 400 million. The number of speakers is 450 million.
People study English as a foreign language in 56 countries.
English is now the mandatory International language of Aviation
The 10 most frequent words in English are the, of, and, a, to in, and, it
The 10 most studied foreign languages are…
English, French, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, German, Arabic, Latin, Russian.

Write first, second or foreign, Then compare with a partner:

1. In India, English is a language. 2. In Brazil, English is a _______ language.
3. In France, English is a_ language. 4. In Japan, English is a _______ language.
5. In my country, English is a language.

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Exercise Seven – Conversation: Where do you work?
Listen to the conversation and practice:

A: Where do you work ?

B: I work for Thomas Cook Travel.
A: Oh, really? And what do you do there?
B: I’m a guide. I take people on tours to Europe.
A: That sounds interesting!
B: Yes, it’s a great job. I love it! And what do you do?
A: I’m a student, and I work part-time, too.
B: Oh? Where do you work?
A: I work in a fast food restaurant. I cook hamburgers.
B: Big Macs?
A: No, Whoppers ! I work for Burger King.

Exercise Eight – Let’s do a survey!

Compile a table with the names of your classmates, and go around the class inquiring at
least 10 classmates where they work and what they do.

Share your responses with the class!

Exercise Nine – Word Practice : Workplaces and Jobs

1. How many workplaces can you find for each job. You may answer with more than one job:

WORKPLACES JOBS

a) a bank a bank teller a receptionist

b) a factory a cashier a salesclerk
c) a hotel a chef a secretary
d) an office a clerk a supervisor
e) a store a manager a typist

2. Look at the jobs again and underline the stressed syllable in each word.

3. Ask about workplaces in the following way

A. Who works in a bank? B: A bank teller, or a clerk.

Use the following: a hospital a restaurant a department store

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Exercise Ten – Grammar Practice: Wh – questions, prepositions
Examples:

Where do you work? I work for Thomas Cook Travel.

I work at / in a fast food restaurant.

Where do you go to college? I go to UCLA.

What do you do? I am a guide. I take people on tours.

I am a student, and I work part-time.

1. Match the words to form sentences.

Works… is a… He / She …

in a store flight attendant makes furniture

at a seafood restaurant chef helps the patients

in a hospital carpenter cooks the meals

in a factory receptionist serves passengers

in an office nurse sells clothes

for Cathay Pacific salesclerk answers the phone

2. Complete the conversations and practice them:

A: do you work? A: What you ?
B: I work Japan Airlines. B: I’m a student.
A: Oh, really? And what you do? A: Where you to school?
B: I a flight attendant. B: I go Jefferson College. I’m studying business.

Exercise Eleven – Writing: What do you do ?

Write a description of what you do. Read the following examples:

I am a student. I go to Mc Gill I’m a salesclerk. I work at Macy’s

University in Canada. I’m a freshman. I department store. I sell toys and
study computer science. I work part- games in the toy department. I hate
time in a disco, too. I’m a disk jockey, it!
It’s a great job.

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Unit One Vocabulary List
Nouns: actor, actress, architect, bank president, bank teller, carpenter, cashier, chef, class, clerk, company
director, conductor, conversation, dance instructor, department store, disco, disk jockey, doctor, engineer,
factory, flight attendant, game, guide, homemaker, hospital, hotel, job, language, lawyer, name, nurse
people, receptionist, salesclerk, sales manager, seafood, secretary, singer, store, student, supervisor, tour,
toys, typist, university, vacation, writer

Pronouns: I, my, you, you, he, she

Verbs: am, are, is, sound/ answer, (be) called, cook, do, go, hate, help, join, make, meet, study, take, work

Adjectives: fast food, great, interesting, nice, part – time, retired

Adverbs: here, really

Prepositions: at, for, from, in on, to

Conjunction: and Wh-words: how, what, where

Days/Times of Day: today, tonight, tomorrow, morning, afternoon, evening

Countries and Nationalities: America – American, Argentina – Argentine, Australia – Australian, Brazil –
Brazilian, Britain – British, Canada – Canadian, Chile – Chilean, China – Chinese, France – French, Germany -
German, India – Indian, Ireland - Irish, Italy – Italian, Japan – Japanese, Mexico – Mexican, Portugal –
Portuguese, Spain – Spanish Cities: Austin (Texas), Chicago, Osaka, Sao Paulo.

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Exercise One – Numbers
1 Say these numbers.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
zero/oh one two three four five six

7 8 9 10 11 12 13

seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen

14 15 16 17 18 19 20

fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty

21 22 30 40 50 60 70

twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy

80 90 100 1,000

eighty ninety one hundred one thousand

(a hundred) (a thousand)

2 Listen to the difference between these numbers.

thirteen – thirty fifteen – fifty

fourteen – forty sixteen – sixty

3 Now listen and write down the numbers you hear.

Then practice them.

a) e)

b) f)

c) g)

d) h)

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Exercise Two – Conversation
1 Listen and practice.

Clerk : What is your name, please ?

Mary : Mary Moore.
Clerk : Is that M – O – O – R – E ?
Mary : Yes, that’s right.
Clerk : And what’s your address?
Mary : 809 Oak Street, Apartment 1201,
Westwood, California.
Clerk : And what’s your phone number?
Mary : It’s 732 – 1465.
Clerk : Thank you very much.
Mary : You’re welcome.

Exercise Three – Reading: Newspaper Ads

1 Read these ads and fill in the blanks with the correct job.

chef manager sports instructor guide

English teacher receptionist waiter nurse

: College grad Full time

Part-time job
with degree in English. Work job in hotel. To help with
at Asian Garden Restaurant.
in language school in Italy, games and to teach
Cook Chinese and American
Write to Da Vinci School, tennis, golf, and
meals. Work evenings. Call
P.O. Box 234, Rome, Italy. swimming. Good English
Mr. Chang at 955-6511.
and Japanese needed.
Write to Mrs. Sato, Pacific
: Part-time
Hotel, Honolulu, Hawaii.
or full-time job in doctor’s Full time job in
office. Greet patients and department store in camera
answer the phone. Morning and TV section. Supervise 6 Take
and afternoons. Intersting salesclerks. No evening work. South American tourists
work. Call Dr. Strangelove at $22,000. Call Mr. James at on bus tours in Canada
524-7423. 731-8959. and the U.S. Need good
Spanish and English. Call
815-7880

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Exercise Four – Conversation

1 Listen and practice.

Sally: Oh, look at this bracelet, Carlos! It’s lovely!

Carlos: Yeah, it’s OK.

Sally: Excuse me, please. How much is this?

Clerk: Oh, that’s on sale. It’s only $75.

Carlos: That’s crazy! Come on, Sally…

Carlos: Hey, Sally, how do you like

these running shoes?

Sally: Well, they’re all right, I guess.

Carlos: Excuse me. How much are these?

Clerk : They’re $80.

Carlos : Oh, that’s not bad!

Sally : Eighty dollars! Well, thanks, anyway.

We’re just looking.

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Exercise Five – Grammar Practice
How much is this bracelet ? It is $75.
that ring? (It’s) it?
How much are these shoes? They are $80.
those glasses ? (They’re) they?

Complete these conversations. Then practice them.

A: Can I help you?

B: How much………………………………………………….. jeans?
A: ………………………………………………………………………….. $60.
B: Sixty or sixteen ?
A: Sixty.
B: Sixty dollars! Are you kidding?

A: Good evening.
B: How much ……………………………….sunglasses?
A: …………………………………………..$25.
B: Oh, really?
A: Would you like to buy them?
B: Yes, I’ll take them. ………………………………. are very

A : Good afternoon.
B : Hi! How much ……………………………………………. backpack?
A : ………………………………………………….. $35. Would you like to buy it?
B : Well, I’ll think about it.

A: Good morning. Can I help you?

B: How much ………………………………bicycle?
A: …………………. is on sale ……………………….. only $ 500.
B: Five hundred dollars ! Well, I’m just looking, thanks.

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Exercise Six – Pronunciation Practice
1 Practice saying the plural forms of the nouns
Bag Bags Clerk Clerks Dress Dresses
Pencil Pencils Cook Cooks Actress Actresses
Shoe Shoes Student Students Watch Watches

2 Now practice saying the plural forms given below, and guess the singular forms.
Hotels Books Nurses Glasses Cameras
Typists Classes Guides Belts Ties

Exercise Seven – Conversation

1 Listen and practice
A: Hello.
B: Hi, I’m calling about the car for sale.
A: Yes, what would you like to know?
B: Well, what kind is it?
A: It’s a Toyota Celica.
B: And how old is it?
A: It’s about four years old.
B: Oh. How much do you want for it?
A: $5,200.
B: Mmm, I think I’d like to see it. Is 8 am tomorrow OK?
A: Yes, that’s fine. My address is 139 King Street, Apartment 4.
B: OK, thanks a lot. See you later. Bye!
A: Bye.

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2 Pair work. Now take turns calling about the things below.

Useful Expressions

GARAGE SALE ! What kind is it?

How old is it?
CD player refrigerator It’s a Honda.
Camera motorcycle It’s new.

Call 521-6871 It’s a Kodak.

It’s about six months old.

Exercise Eight – Conversation Practice

1 Pair work. Take turns. Ask questions about these things.
How much is …… ?

a movie ticket a meal in a fast food restaurant

a gallon / liter of gas a local phone call
a taxi to the airport a local bus fare from to

2 Now ask three more questions about things in you city.

The cost of living in the United States

Monthly expenses for a person with a salary of $20,000 a year ($1,666 a month)
List your five biggest monthly expenses.
Then compare with a partner.

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Exercise Ten – Reading Advertisements.

1 You want to buy these things. Which store probably sells them?

Simpson’s Fisher Sharper Image

A brief case

Pencils

A bracelet

A CD player

Computer
Paper

Headphones

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 1 Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?

a Simpson’s is a department store. T F

b Fisher and Sharper Image sell office equipment. T F
c Simpson’s sale is for two days only. T F
d Desks are on sale at Fisher T F
e Sharper Image has photo equipment at 50% off. T F

Exercise Eleven – Writing

You are organizing a sale for household utensils in your neighborhood. Write
an advertisement for an annual sale of home equipment.

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Exercise One – Conversation: About your family

Rita : What do you do, Keiko?

Keiko : I’m a lawyer.
Rita : Really ? Tell me about your family.
Keiko : Well, I’m married and have two children.
Rita : And what does your husband do?
Keiko : He has an export business.
Rita : Oh, that’s interesting.
Keiko: And how about you, Rita?
Do you have any brothers and sisters?
Rita : Yes, I have a brother and a sister.
Keiko: Really ? And what do they do?
Rita : Well, my brother teaches French, and my sister drives a taxi.
Keiko : No kidding.

Exercise Two – Word Power : The Family

1 Look at Sam’s family tree. Can you add these words to it?

cousins niece sister-in-law uncle grandmother father

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2 Now draw your family tree. Then talk about your family like this.

For a single person : For a married person:

There are 6 in my family. There are 4 in my family.

I have 2 sisters and 1 brother. We have a daughter and a son.

Exercise Three – Grammar Focus: Present tense, 3rd Person

A: Tell me about your parents. What …………………… (does/ do) they do?
B: Well, my father is retired and my mother ………….. (manages / manage) a boutique.
A: Oh, Do ………….. (he/she/ they) live with you?
B: No, they ………….. (doesn’t/don’t) They …………..(lives / live) in Miami.
A: Do you have any brothers and sisters?
B: Yes, I have two sisters and one brother. My older sister ……………………... (works/ work) for United
Airlines, and my younger sister …………………….. ( goes/ go) to UCLA.
A: Oh, really? And what ………………………….. (does/ do) your brother do? Does he ……………………… (goes
/go) to school, too?
B: No, he ……………………… (doesn’t / don’t). He is married and ………………………….. (teaches/ teach) in an
elementary school.

Exercise Four – Pronunciation : [s] [z] [iz]

1 Pronounce these words.

lives makes manages

sells works supervises

owns likes teaches

2 Pronounce these words.

buys cooks discusses helps takes washes

comes designs exercises studies types writes

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Exercise Five – Discussion : About people
1 Group work Take turns talking about your family. Other students ask questions like these.

Where do your parents live ? What’s your husband’s /wife’s name?

How old is your sister? Are your children in school?

Does your brother go to school ? What grade is your daughter in?

2 Class activity Talk about some of the interesting people you have heard about like this:

Helga’s sister lives in Kenya, in Africa.

She takes people on safaris.

Exercise Six – Game: 20 Questions

Group work Now you play the game. Take turns. One student thinks of a
famous person. The group can ask up to twenty questions like these. The
answers are “Yes” or “No.”

Is it a man? (or) Is it a woman?

Does he live in the United States?

Is she American? When you think you know the person’s name, say:

Is he a singer?

Does she wear glasses? Is he….. (name)? (or) Is she …. (name) ?

Is he in his 30s?

Exercise Seven -- Snapshot : Families

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Complete the information below. Then compare with a partner.

Average size of a family in my country:.................

Number of relatives living with me: …….

Average age when people marry in my country: men………….; women ................

Exercise Eight—Reading: Touchy Topics

In North America when people meet each other for the first time, they talk about things like family,
work, school, or sports. They ask questions like “Do you have any brothers or sisters?”, “Where do you
work?”, “What school do you go to?”, and “Do you like sports?” They also ask questions like “Where do you
come from?” and “Where do you live?” These are polite questions. They are not personal or private. But
some things are personal or private, and questions about them are not polite. People don’t ask questions
about a person’s salary. They don’t ask how much someone paid for something. It is OK to ask ..........
children how old they are, but it is not polite to ask older people their .......... age. It is also not polite to ask
people questions about politics or religion .......... unless you know them very well. People don’t ask
unmarried people .......... “Why are you single?”, and they don’t ask a married couple with no children
.......... “Why don’t you have any children?”

1 Pair work Look at the following questions. Are they polite or not when you meet someone for
the first time in North America?

2 Polite Not Polite

a) What does your wife do?

b) Do you believe in God?

c) How much money do you earn?

d) How many children do you have?

e) Why aren’t you married?

f) Do you like baseball?

g) How old are you, Mr. Lee?

h) Are you a Democrat or a Republican?

i) How much was your watch?

3 Look at the questions again. Are they polite or not polite in your country?

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Exercise Nine-Word Power
Complete the sentences with these words:

Aunt cousin father grandmother

grandparents niece sister-in-law

There are five people in my family I have an older brother and a younger sister. My brother lives in
Vancouver. He sells cars. And my sister………..

1 Write about your family like this.

My wife and I have two children. My wife manages a restaurant. Our older daughter is married.
She lives in ….

2 Pair work Who is the most interesting or unusual person you know? First tell your partner about him or
her. Then answer any questions your partner may have.

One of the most interesting people I know is my grandfather. He’s 75 years old, and he speaks 3
languages. He plays the piano and the trumpet and he has a great sense of humor.

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1 CONVERSATION: Routines
Listen and practice.

Marie : What do you usually do on your day off, Chuck?

Chuck : Well, I always get up very early, around 5 o’clock. And I

lift weights for an hour.

Marie : You’re kidding!

Chuck : No, and then I usually run for about 2 hours.

Marie : Wow! You really like to stay in shape.

Chuck : And after that. I come home and eat a big breakfast.
How about you?

Marie : Oh, on my day off, I just watch TV all day. I guess I’m a
real couch potato!

2 GRAMAR FOCUS: Adverbs of frequency (1)

What do you usually do on your day off?

I always get up early.

I usually run for about 2 hours.

I often eat a huge breakfast.

I sometimes go downtown in the afternoon.

Sometimes I just watch TV.

I never go to discos.

I don’t usually eat out.

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3 SNAPSHOT

All in a day
How people in the United How much time do you spend each day
States spend their time on the activities above?
(Minutes a day)
prepare meals 50 Write down your information. Then
eat 60 c ompare with a partner.
do housework 60
do laundry 15
watch TV 150
talk to friends 85
read 25
play sports 15
wal 5

1 Put the adverbs in the correct place.

A : What do you do on your day off? (usually) A : Do you drive to school? (usually)
B : Nothing much. I sleep until noon. (always) B : No, I drive to school. (never)
I take the bus. (always)

A: Do you go out on Saturday night? (usually) A : What do you do after class? (usually)
B: Yes, I do (often) B : I meet friends for a drink (often) or I go
I go roller-skating (sometimes) or I go to a straight home. (sometimes)
movie. And on Sundays, I go to the gym. (often)

Pair Work Take turns. Now talk about your busiest day of the week.

A: What is your busiest day?

I hate Mondays! I get up at 5 A.M. I
B:…………………………………………………………………………….. catch the train at 6. I start work at 7
A: And what do you usually do? and finish around 6 P.M. Then I take a
German class from 7 to 10 P.M. It’s a
B:……………………………………………………………………………..
really long day for me!

Saturday is my busiest day. In the

Your partner asks for more information like this:
morning, I always clean the house. I
What time do your usually get up? usually do the shopping in the
Where do you usually have… (breakfast, lunch, diner)? afternoon. In the evening, I work as a
What do you usually do after … (work, school, class)? waiter. I usually get home around
What time do you usually go home? midnight.
What time do you usually go to bed?

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1 Match the words and the pictures. 5
aerobics
baseball
bicycling
golf
hiking
karate
skiing
soccer

2 Pair work
Now arrange the words above into three lists:

team sports, individual sports, and exercise.

3 Can you add two more words to each list?

6 CONVERSATION
Cathy : What great muscles, Pedro! Do you
work out in a gym?

Pedro : Yeah, I do.

Cathy: How often do you work out?

Pedro : Every day after work. You’re in pretty

good shape, too, Cathy.

Cathy: Thanks. I take an aerobics class twice a week.

Pedro : Good for you! Hey! I’ll race you to
McDonald’s for a chocolate milkshake!

Cathy : OK!

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7 GRAMAR FOCUS : Adverbs of frequency (2)
How often do you exercise?
I go to the gym every day.
I jog about once a week.
I play tennis twice a month.
About three times a year!
I don’t exercise very much /very often.
Write answers to these questions.

a) How often do you exercise? e)Do you play tennis?

b) Do you jog or run? f) What other sports do you play?
c) Do you work out in a gym? g)What other exercise do you get? How often?
d) How often do you go swimming?

8 TV and radio
1 Pair work Take turns asking these questions.

TV
Do you watch TV a lot?
How often do you watch TV?
When do you usually watch it?
What kinds of programs do you usually watch?
What’s your favorite channel?
What’s your favorite program?
When is it on?
Do you ever watch … (name of program)?

2 Change partners. Now take turns asking these questions.

Radio
Do you listen to the radio a lot? What’s your favorite radio station?
How much time do you listen to it every day? What’s your favorite radio program?
When do you listen to it? Do you ever listen to the radio in bed?
What kinds of programs do you listen to? What kind of music do you listen to?
Do you ever listen to programs in English? Who are your favorite singers and groups?

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8 SNAPSHOT

How people spend the weekend in Canada and the United States;

Watch Tv, Videos, or listen to music 59%

Exercise (Walk, jog, or play sports, etc.) 47%

Read 46%

Go out (movies. Disco. Restaurant, sport events, etc) 43% The Weekend
Do other sports (fishing, bowling, etc.) 28%

Spend time with family and friends 24%

Enjoy hobbies 21%

Enjoy hobbies 12%

List four things you like to do on the weekend. Then compare with a partner.

10 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Past tense

How was your weekend? It was terrific! It was pretty good.

It was OK It was terrible.

What did you do on Saturday? I watched the ballgame.

I saw a good movie.
I went to a disco.
Some friends came over.

1 Complete these conversations with the past tense. [Past tense forms.] Then practice the conversations.

A: What….........…..(do) you do on the weekend?

B: I ….........…..(go) to a movie. I….........….. (see) Casablanca. It ….........….. (be) terrific!

A: How ….........….. (be) your weekend?

B: It …. (be) great! I ….........…..(meet) some friends on Saturday, and we ….........….. (go) to an outdoor
concert.
A: What ….........…..(do) you do on Saturday night?

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B: I ….........….. (have) friends over and I …………….. (cook) dinner for them. Then we ……….. (watch) a
video. And what ……………… (do) you do on the weekend?

A: Oh! I ………………. (stay) home and ………………. (study).

A: What …………… (do) you do on Sunday?

B: I …………….. (go) to Boston with my friend. We ………………… (take) a tour of the city. Then we
……………. (go) shopping.

11 PRONUNCIATION :
1 Listen to the past tense ending –ed

With / d /with / t / with /id/

Studied Worked Wanted Played Added

Watched Visited Stayed liked

Put these words into three lists: words ending with /d/, /t/, and /id/

Called Waited Listened Talked Tried looked

Cooked Started Invited Phoned Rented Lived

12 WRITING : Writing about a typical day

1 Write about a day in your week (e.g., the busiest day, a day off, or your favorite day).

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1 CONVERSATION: The neighborhood
Listen and practice.

Jack: Excuse me, ma’am. I’m your new neighbor,

I just moved in. My name’s Jack.
Woman: Oh, yes.
Jack: Say are there any grocery stores around here?
Woman: Yes, there are some on Pine Street.
Jack: Ok and is there a Laundromat near here?
Woman: Well, I think there’s one opposite the
shopping centre.
Jack: A barber shop?

2 WORD POWER : Places

1 Match the words and the definitions.

What’s a..........…? It’s a place where you.........…

a) drugstore ...... wash and dry clothes.

b) laundromat ...... have a meal.
c) library...... get stamps and mail letters.
d) post office ...... buy medicine.
e) restaurant ...... see a movie or play.
f) supermarket ...... buy groceries.
g) Theatre …………. Borrow books and newspapers

3 LOCATIONS
1 Pair work Match the places and locations like this.

Where’s the…?

a) Sheraton Hotel d) library

b) supermarket e) gym
c) laundromat f) bus stop

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4 GRAMMAR FOCUS : there is, there are; one (any), some of,
on, next
A: Excuse me. Is a pay phone A: any hotels near the airport?
around here?
B: Yes, two, the Plaza and the
B: Yes, there _There’s Royal. I like the Plaza.
on the corner Jade and King.
A: OK, I’ll try it. Thanks.
A: Thanks a lot.
A: there a gas station near the
A: I’m new in town there school?
good restaurants near here?
B: No, there but there’s
B: No, there .........…., but there are downtown Fourth Street
opposite the shopping to the bank. You can’t miss it!
center Young Street.
A: OK, thanks.
A: Oh, great!

5 PRONUNCIATION : Vowel contrast / ey / and / E /

1. Practice these words.

With/ ey/ With /E /

Pay Place Neighbor Get Center rest

eight station Mail letter next friend

2. Put these words into two lists: words with /ey/ or /E /

name spend went cake game came

met take

6 CONVERSATION
Dan: Where do you live, Kim?
Kim : I just moved into a new apartment on Bush Street.
Dan: Oh? What’s it like ?
Kim : It’s really nice.
Dan: How big is it?
Kim : Well, it’s fairly big. It has two bedrooms, a living room, and a big kitchen. It also has a pool.
Dan: Sounds great !
Kim : Yeah. There’s a Jacuzzi, too.
Dan: Gee, that’s terrific! And what’s the neighborhood like?
Kim : It’s very quiet. I really like it.

27
Group work Talk about where you live. Ask these and other questions.

7 Do you live in a house or an apartment?

Where is it?
How big is it?
What’s the neighborhood like?
Is it quiet?
Are there any good shops or restaurants nearby?
Is there any public transportation nearby?
Do you like it there?

8 Housing in the United States

Complete the information below. Then compare with a partner.

Main types of housing in my country: ...............................................................................................

A typical house in my country (size, rooms): ...............................................................................................

The kind of place I live in: ........... house ........... apartment ........... condo ........... other

28
9 READING : For rent

10 Class activity From two groups.

1 : You have a house or an apartment for rent. Write an ad for it. Give as much information as
possible.

Group 2: You are looking for a house or an apartment to rent. Write an ad for the kind of place you
want. Give as much information as possible.

11 CONVERSATION : An embarrassing situation

1. Listen and practice.
Bill: Do you know what happened on Sunday?
Rose: No, what?
Bill: I went downtown to do some shopping. Then I went to a restaurant for lunch. I
ate Lunch and asked for the check. But I found I didn’t have enough money!

Rose: How embarrassing! So what did you do? Bill: Well, first I called my parents, but they were out.
After that I tried my roommate, but he was out, too. So finally I phoned my boss at home. He was very
nice and brought me some money.

Rose: That was lucky!

2 Pair work Now close your books. Tell Bill’s story in your own words.

29
12 HAVE YOU EVER?
1 Think of five interesting or unusual events and write questions
for each one like this :
Have you ever met a famous person?

2 Class activity Now go around the class and

ask your questions. Take notes of the answers. Talk to as
many people as you can in five minutes.

A : Have you ever met a famous person, Harry?

B : Yes, I met Mick Jagger at a disco once.
A : Really? Where was that?

3 Tell the class one of the things you found out.

13 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Present Perfect

Have you ever driven a sports car? Yes, I have

Has Jill ever gotten a speeding ticket? No, she hasn’t

Has Ted ever been to Disneyland? No, he has never been there

(he’s)

Complete these conversations with the present perfect.

A : …………………… you ever ………. (get) a traffic ticket?

B : Yes, I ………………….. Once I got a ticket that cost me $50!
A : ............. you ever ………… (be) late for an important appointment?
B : Yes, I ……………….. I was 30 minutes late for my wedding. Would
you believe it!
A : …………… you ever …………. (lose) your keys?
B : Yes. I ………………… I lost them twice last month!
A : ………….. you ever …………. (see) a house on fire?
B : No . I ………………… But I saw a car on fire the other day.
A : ………….. you ever………………. (forget) where you parked your car?
B : No. I …………… , but my brother always does. It drives him crazy!

14 PRONUNCIATION : Linking sounds

We often link consonants at the end of a word with the vowel at the beginning of the next word.

1 Listen and practice. 2 Now practice the conversations in Exercise 13.

Have you ever been_in_a traffic_accident Have Pay attention to the linking sounds.
you ever_eaten_Indian food?
Has your brother_ever_asked you for a loan?

30
1 CONVERSATION: Reservations
Host: Hard Rock Café. May I help you? Carl : Sure. My name is Carl Moro and the
Carl : Yes. Can I make a reservation for Saturday number is 590 – 3442.
the 16th, for two, please? Host: OK, Mr. Moro, that’s a table for two at 6
Host: Certainly. For what time? on Saturday, the 16th. Thank you.
Carl : Six o’clock. Carl : Goodbye.
Host: All right. And could I have your name
and phone number? Host: Goodbye.

RESERVATION

Date Request Time Number in Party Name Phone Special Request

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
th
16 6.00 2 Carl Moro 590-3442 none

2 ROLE PLAY
Student A : You want to eat out tonight. Call a restaurant and make a reservation. Make up
your own information.
Student B : You are the host or hostess in a restaurant. Answer the phone and write
down the caller’s reservation.
Now change roles and try the role play again.

3 WORD POWER : Countable and uncountable nouns

31
4 SNAPSHOT

The number of people who drink Coke for breakfast in the United

States: 965,000
The favorite meat in North America: steak
The most popular orders in restaurants: hamburgers, fried
chicken, roast beef, spaghetti, turkey, baked ham, fried
shrimp, beef stew
The most popular ice cream flavors: vanilla, chocolate,
Neapolitan, chocolate chip, strawberry
Food facts
Complete the information below. Then compare with a partner.
My typical breakfast : …………………………
My favorite meat : ……………………………….. My
favorite order in a restaurant : ……….... My
favorite ice cream flavor : ……………………..

5 CONVERSATION : Ordering a meal

Waiter : May I take your order, please ?
Customer : Yes. I’d like a hamburger and a large order of French fries, please.
Waiter : All right. And would you like a salad?
Customer : Yes, I’ll have a small salad.
Waiter : OK. What kind of dressing would you like? We have Thousand Island, Italian, and French.
Customer : Italian.
Waiter :And would you like anything to drink?
Customer : I’d like a large Coke, please.
Water : Thank you.

6 GRAMMAR FOCUS :

Modal verbs would and will

What would you like to eat? What will you have to drink?
I would like a hamburger. I will have Coke.
I’d like a hotdog. I’ll have coffee.

What kind of dressing would What kind of ice cream will you have?
you like? I’ll have vanilla, please.
I’d like French, please.
Will you have anything else?
Would you like anything else? No. thank you
Yes, please, I’d like some
water.

32
What are the missing words in these sentences?

2 Now number the sentences

Waiter
[ ] What ………………… you like to order?
[ ] What flavor …………………………………… like ?
[ ] OK. And what will you ……………………. to drink ?
[ ] Would you ………………………. anything else ?
[ ] ………………………….. you ……………….. dessert?
[ ] What kind of potatoes ……………………….. you ……………….., mashed, baked, or French
fries?
[ ] Customer ………………………….. you like rice or potatoes?
[ ] I’ll …………………….. chocolate chip.
[ ] I guess I ………………………………. Like coffee.
[ ] Yes, I ……………………………. have ice cream, please.
[ ] I ……………………………….. have French fries please.
[ ] No, that’ll be all, thanks.
[ ] I ……………………………… have potatoes.
[ ] I ……………………………… like fried chicken, please.

7 PRONUNCIATION: Reduced forms of would and will

1. Listen to how would and will are reduced 2. Now practice these sentences

What will you have? What will you have to eat?

What’ll I will have the special.
I would like a small salad What will you have to drink?
I’d I would like a glass of water.
I will have a 7-Up.
I’ll

8 ROLE PLAY: In a coffee shop

Student A: This is what you want to order for lunch. Then switch roles and try the role play again:
A hot dog A large salad Student A: Now you are the waiter/ waitress. Take
A small Thousand island your customer’s order.
order of dressing Student B: This is what you want to order for lunch
French fries Coffee A turkey French dressing
sandwich A diet Pepsi
Student B: You are the waiter/ waitress. A small
Take your customer’s order. salad

33
9 CONVERSATION: Thanks and goodbye
1 Listen and practice.

A: Thank you for inviting me. The dinner was delicious!

B: You’re welcome. I’m glad you enjoyed it.
A: Good bye, now! Take Care!
B: Thanks, You too. Bye!

A: That was a wonderful meal! Thank you so much.

B: You’re very welcome. Please come again.
A: Thanks, I’d love to! Good bye!
B: Good night! Drive carefully! See you soon!

2 Pair work Now cover the conversations above and use these cues.
Take turns thanking you partner for a meal and saying goodbye.

A: Thank you for …... A: That was ………….

The dinner was …. Thank you …………
B: You’re ….. B: You’re……………
I’m glad you …. Please ……………
A: Goodbye …….. A: Thanks …………
B: Thanks ……….. B: Good night ………. See you.

10 READING : To tip or not to tip?

Answer these questions and then read the passage.

Do you tip in your country?

In what kinds of places do you give tips? How much do you usually tip?

Canadians and Americans usually tip in places like restaurants,

airports, hotels, and hair salons because people who work in these
places get low salaries. A tip shows that the customer is pleased with 2. How much should you tip
the service. someone who:
Takes your bag at an airport? Parks
At airports, porters usually get a dollar for each bag. Hotel bellhops your car at a hotel or restaurant?
usually get a dollar for carrying or two suitcases. A hotel door Serves you in a fast food restaurant?
attendant or parking valet also gets about a dollar for getting a taxi or
for parking a car. Many people also tip hotel maids, especially when 3. What tip should you leave for
they stay in a hotel for several days. They usually leave a dollar a day. the following:
A $ 27 haircut?
The usual tip for other kinds of service – for example, for taxi drivers, A $ 30 restaurant check?
barbers, hairdressers, waiters, and waitresses – is between 15 and 20 A $ 14 taxi fare?
percent of the check. The size of the tip depends on how pleased the
customer is. In most restaurants, the bill does not include a service
charge, however, if the group is large, there may be a service charge.
There is no tipping in cafeterias or fast food restaurants.

34
11 CONVERSATION : Telephone message
Secretary: Good morning, Parker Industries
Mr. Kale: Hello. May I speak to Ms. Graham, please?
Secretary: I’m sorry. She’s not in. Would you like to leave a message?
Mr. Kale: Yes, please. This is Mr. Kale.
Secretary: Is that G-A-L-E? WHILE YOU WERE OUT

Mr. Kale: No, it’s K-A-L-E. Date: August 10

Secretary: All right. To: Ms. Graham
Mr. Kale: Please tell her the meeting is on Friday at 2:30 From: Mr. Kale
Secretary: Friday at 2:30. Phone: 356-4031 Ext.
Mr. Kale: And would you ask her to phone me this afternoon?
My number is 356-4031. MESSAGE
Secretary: 356-4031. Yes, Mr. Kale. I’ll give Ms.Graham
the message. The meeting is on Friday
at 2 : 30. Please phone him
Mr. Kale: Thank you. Goodbye.
this afternoon
Secretary: Goodbye.

12 GRAMMAR FOCUS: Requests with tell and ask

Messages with statements Requests
The meeting is on Friday Please tell Ann the meeting is on Friday.
Would you tell her…..?
Could you tell her …..?

Messages with imperatives Requests

Phone me this afternoon Please ask him to phone me this
afternoon.
Would you ask him to….?
Could you tell him to ……?

1. Make requests from these messages.

a) The movie is at 7 P.M.

b) There’s a class party at The Blue Moon tonight.
c) Come over for dinner on Friday at 6:30.
d) The concert on Saturday is canceled.
e) Meet us in front of the cafeteria at6:15.

2. Pair work You want to give a message to a classmate. Take turns. Write a request and ask your partner to
give the message for you.

Complete the information below.

How often I things in a year:
read a novel ……………………………
visit a museum or art gallery ……
go to a concert ………………………
go to a party ……………………………

35
13 SNAPSHOT

read a novel, short story, poem, or a play 56%

Free time visit a museum or art gallery see a musical 22%
go to a classical music concert 19%
In a year, the
go to a play go to a jazz concert 13%
percentage
go to the ballet 12%
of people in North 10%
Amercica who… 4%
go to the opera 3%

14 WRITING: Restaurant reviews

Have you eaten out at a restaurant recently? How was it? Write a review of the restaurant and the
meal you had there.

The surf and Turf Restaurant

I had lunch with a friend at the Surf and Turf Restaurant last week. It is a steak
and seafood restaurant on Ward Avenue. The restaurant has about 30 tables and
a pleasant atmosphere. I ordered a steak and a salad. For dessert I had chocolate
cheesecake and coffee. My meal cost $21 plus a tip.

The food was very good. The salad was delicious, and the steak was tender. The
coffee wasn’t very good, but the service was excellent. I would go back to the
Surf and Turf again.

36
 1 READING: To catch a thief

Labor Day was busy for back to his house. When for the burglar. ground. Soon after that,
Ann Dresselhaus of they arrived at the Dresselhaus has a black the police arrived and
Cedar Rapids, lowa. She house, belt in karate. She arrested the burglar.
finished a quadathlon – they saw his stereo, TV, chased the burglar For catching him,
a competition which and computer in boxes for six blocks. Several Dresslhaus, 32,
includes running, weight in front of the house. times he turned to hit received an award from
lifting, rowing, and And they found a burglar her and each time she the state governor. The
cycling. Then she and inside! The burglar ran blocked his blows. theif got 10 years in jail.
her boyfriend went out out the back door. Finally, she used her
to dinner. Dresselhaus ran after karate skills to stop him.
After dinner, she him. From then on, She gave him two quick
drove her boyfriend things went very badly kicks, and he fell to the

2 Number these pictures from 1 to 8 in the order each event happened.

When someone
answers ‘Yes’ he or she
explains what
happened and the
other students ask for
more information like
this.
When someone answers ‘Yes’ he or
she explains what happened and the
other students ask for more
information like this. Linda: Whereabouts in Canada are you
from?
A: Have you ever gone windsurfing? Steve: I’m from Toronto.
B: Yeah, I have. I tried it last year In Linda: Oh, I’ve never been there.
Hawaii. It was really fun! What’s it like?
C: What was it like? Was it difficult? Steve: It’s a great city! It has good
B: Yes. It was hard at first. Has museums and wonderful restaurants.
anyone else ever gone And the nightlife exciting, too. Linda:
windsurfing? Really? Is it expensive there? Steve:
Well, it’s not bad, but apartments are
D: … fairly expensive.

37
5 WORD POWER : Adjectives
1 Pair work Match each word in list A with its opposite in list B

A B
6 HOME SWEET HOME
a) beautiful boring
b) big dangerous Pair work Take turns. Talk about your city or
hometown. Ask questions like these and other
c) cheap Dirty questions of your own.
d) clean Expensive
What’s your city or hometown like?
e) hot Dry
Is it an interesting place?
f) interesting New Is it safe?
g) old Cold What’s shopping like there?
h) quiet Small Is it expensive?
Is the transportation good?
i) safe Ugly
Does it have good restaurants?
j) wet noisy
Do you like it there?

2 Now circle four of the adjectives above that describe your city. Then compare
with a partner.

7 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Adjectives and adverbs

It’s an exciting city. It’s very exciting.

It’s interesting/ beautiful/ It’s very interesting/
clean pretty cheap/ fairly clean.
It’s not It’s not very expensive/
expensive/dangerous too big.

1 Match the questions in column A with the answers in column B.

Then practice the conversations.

A B

a) What’s Hong Kong like ? ……… Oh, really? It’s beautiful. It has a great
Is it an interesting place? harbor and beautiful beaches.

b) What’s your hometown like? ……… No, it’s very old. It has lots of fascinating
Do you like it? streets, canals, and buildings.

38
c) Tell me about Sydney. ……… Oh, yes, it is. It’s very exciting, but it’s pretty crowded.

d) Is Amsterdam a modern city? ……..No, I hate it! It’s very boring. That’s why I moved away.

2. Now write four sentences about your city.

8 Mother Nature
Group work Take turns talking about your favorite scenic place (e.g., a national park, a vacation
resort, a place in the countryside). Ask questions like these.

What’s your favorite place? When’s the best season to go?

Where is it? Where should I stay?
What is it like there? What should I do there?

9 MY FAVORITE CITY
Group work Take turns talking about your favorite city.
Talk about it like this and answer any questions other students may have.

My favorite city is North America is Santa Fe. It’s in New Mexico.

It’s an old city with lots of interesting Spanish and Indian buildings.
It’s fairly small, and it’s really beautiful….

10 CONVERSATION
Listen and practice.

David : Can you tell me a little about Mexico?

Maria : Yes, sure. What would you like to know?
David : Well, when’s the best time to visit?
Maria : Hmm, you should go in the winter or spring.
The weather is nice then. It’s not very hot.
David : Really? And does Mexico have good beaches?
Maria : Yes, the beaches are excellent
David : Oh, good! And what places should I see?
Maria : Well, you should go to Mexico City. And you shouldn’t miss the Mayan ruins. They are very
interesting.
David : Great! I can’t wait to go there!

39
11 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Modal verb should

What should I do there? You should go to Mexico City

You shouldn’t miss the Mayan ruins

When should I go there? You should go in the winter or spring

You shouldn’t go in the summer or fall.

A: When’s a good time to visit San Diego?

B: should spring summer the you go or in
A: Where do you think I should stay?
B: in you motel stay should a
A: What places do you think I should see?
B: see San Diego Zoo you the should
A: Anything else?
B: miss yes Sea World shouldn’t you
A: And does San Diego have any good museums?
B: to should San Diego Museum of Art
yes the go you
A: And how about shopping? Is San Diego
good for shopping?
B: Old Town go shopping yes to
you for should
A: Gee, thanks, I’m sure I’ll have a great vacation.

The ten most interesting The cost of a cup of coffee The cost of a 2-mile taxi ride
cities in the world (according
to Jan Morris, travel writer):

New York Tokyo $2.80 Tokyo $4.90

London Vienna $2.15 London $3.50
Venice Hong Kong $ 1.20 New York $ 2.20
Cairo Los Angeles $0.70 Sydney $ 1.70
Istanbul Madrid $0.60 Rio de Janeiro $0.80
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro $0.18 Mexico City $0.60
Chicago My list of the five most interesting cities in the world:
Beirut ...........………...........……
Delhi The three most interesting cities in my country: …………………………....
Paris The cost of a 2-mile taxi ride in my city: …………………………..…………....
The cost of a cup of coffee in my city: …………………………..………….......

40
12 READING : Famous cities
1 Read these descriptions of cities and circle the correct city :

The city : Paris Venice Rome 2. Now answer these questions.

#1 Paragraph #1
This beautiful city in northeastern Italy is built Why do people use gondolas in this city?
on 100 small islands. This city has no roads. What do tourists do there?
Instead, people use gondolas to travel along the
canals. The most famous place to visit is St.
Mark’s Square, with its wonderful Renaissance
buildings and its busy cafes.

The city : New York San Francisco Chicago

Paragraph #2
#2
This American city is the main business and Where is this city?
cultural center in the Midwest. It is famous for What’s it famous for?

its music, opera, and theater as well as for its

excellent museums and architecture. One of the
world’s tallest buildings, the Willis (formerly
Sears) Tower, is there.

The city : Mexico City Havana Rio de Janeiro Paragraph #3

#3
What do visitors do there?
Travelers use many words to describe this South What do people do there at carnival time?
American city: beautiful, glamorous, sunny,
friendly, and exciting. People love to visit its
People love to visit its fabulous beaches and
mountains. It is the city of the Carnival, when
everyone dances the “samba” in the streets.

41
14 City tour

1 Group work Plan a one-day tour of your city for visitors. Include information for
morning, afternoon, and evening activities. Describe places to visit and things to do.
Talk about your suggestions like this.

A: First, visitors should take a bus tour of the city in the morning.
B: Yes, and after that, they should go to the zoo. It’s really fun to go there.
C: And then for lunch, they should…….

2 Class Activity Now groups take turns reading their itineraries. Which group has the best tour?

13 WRITING
1 Write about an interesting country, but don’t give the name of the country. Give as much
information as you can.

This country is in Southeast Asia. It’s about 3 hours from Hong Kong by plane. It’s a very
interesting country. There are lots of temples there, and…

42
 1 CONVERSATION: Making comparisons
Alan: Gee, Los Angeles is a terrible place to live!I’m glad I live in New York.
Sue: Come on! L.A. is much nicer than New York!It’s warmer, it’s cheaper, and it’s cleaner.
Alan: Cleaner? Are you kidding? Anyway, I love New York. It’s much more exciting than L. A. And
the people are friendlier, too.
Sue: Well, you can have New York!
Alan: And you can have L. A.!

2 PRONUNCIATION: Intonation – Questions of choice

1 Listen to the intonation in questions where there is a choice.

Which is colder, Seattle or Los Angeles?

Which is bigger, Ontario or Alberta?

Which is more exciting, Rio or Sao Paulo?

3 GRAMMAR FOCUS: Comparisons with adjectives

3 Is New York bigger than Miami?
Yes, New Yrok is bigger.
No, Miami is bigger.

Which is warmer, Miami or New York?

Miami is warmer
Is New York more expensive than Maimi?
Yes, New York is more expensive

No. Miami is more expensive.

Which is more crowded, New York or Miami?
New York is more crowded.

43
1. Complete these conversations. Then practice them.

A: Is Vancouver ………… (cool) in winter ………………………. Toronto?

B: No, Toronto is much ……………….. (cold). It’s great for skiing.

A: Which city is …………………… ………………… (interesting), London or Paris ?

B: I think London is ……………… …………….. (exciting) ……………………………….. Paris. It has

great shopping and good nightlife. But I love Paris in the spring.

2. Now write six questions like these about cities you know. Then take turns asking your questions.

A: Is Singapore ………………(large) ………………. Hong Kong?

B: No, it isn’t. Hong Kong is ………………….(big) and ………………… ………………. (crowded).But

you know, they are both fascinating places.

A: Which is …………….. (cheap), Tokyo or Taipei?

B: Taipei is much ………………. (cheap) ……………………Tokyo.

4 TRUE OR FALSE?
1 Group work Write five statements comparing cities or places. Some should be true and
others false.

San Francisco is much smaller than Los Angeles. (T)

Australia is larger than Africa. (F)

2 Groups read their statements. Other groups say true of false. Which group gets the most correct
answers?

5 WORD POWER: Geography

1 Circle the word that doesn’t belong in each list. Then compare with a partner.

a) countryside avenue forest valley

b) mountain volcano canyon Path
c) hill stream lake pond
d) ocean beach desert sea

2 Make your own list and include one word that doesn’t belong.
Then exchange lists. Can your partner find the word that is different?

44
3 Now add two names to these lists. Then compare with a partner.

Mountains Waterfalls Continents Oceans

Mount Fuji Niagara Falls Africa The Pacific Ocean

6 READING: Nations of the world

1 Read this information about six different countries.
Then write the correct country in each blank.

Belgium Canada Chile Egypt France

Italy Malaysia Mexico Switzerland Thailand

COUNTRY: ………….. COUNTRY: …………..

Area: 292, 258 square miles Area: 386, 900 square miles
Population: 12,237,000 Population: 48,000,000
Climate: Hot and dry in the north, cold and Climate: Hot and dry
wet in the south Government: Republic
Government : Republic Language: Arabic
Language : Spanish Religion: Mainly Muslim
Religion : Mainly Roman Catholic

COUNTRY : ………….. COUNTRY: …………..

Area: 3,851,809 square miles Area: 128,727 square miles
Population: 25,899,000 Population: 15,880,000
Climate in Capital: Very cold winter (January Climate: Tropical
5-21 F) Government: Parliamentary monarchy
Government: Parliamentary monarchy Languages: Malay, Chinese, Tamil, English
(Federal) Religions: 50% Muslim, 26% Buddhist
Languages: English, French
Religions: Mixed

COUNTRY: ………….. COUNTRY: …………..

Area: 11,783 square miles Area: 15,941 square miles
Population: 9,892,000 Population: 6,596,000
Climate: Mild (30-73 F) Climate: Warm summer, cold winter
Government: Parliamentary monarchy Government: Republic (Federal)
Languages: Flemish, French Languages: German, French, Italian,
Religions: 90 Roman Catholic Romansh
Religions: Mainly Roman Catholic and
Protestant

Which country is the biggest in area?

Which country is the smallest?
Which country has the largest population?
Which countries use more than one language?
Which country has the coldest winter?
How many different rent forms of government are there?

45
7 CONVERSATION
Listen and practice.

Johnny: Hey Dad! Can you help me with this crossword puzzle?
Dad: OK. I’ll try.
Johnny: What’s the largest continent in the world?
Dad: Oh, that’s easy. It’s Asia.
Johnny: And what’s the highest mountain?
Dad: It’s Mount Everest, I think.
Johnny: Gee, Dad, you’re so smart!
Dad: I know!

8 SNAPSHOT
The world’s largest islands:
Complete the information below about a country. Greenland, New Guinea, Borneo
The longest rivers:
Then compare with a partner. the Nile, the Amazon, the Mississippi
The largest lakes:
The biggest lake: …………………………… Lake Superior, Lake Victoria, Lake Huron
The highest mountain: …………………… The largest deserts:
The longest river: …………………………… the Sahara Desert, the Australian Desert, the Arabian
The biggest city: …………………………… Desert
The biggest city : …………………………… The largest oceans:
The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic ocean, the Indian Ocean

9 The biggest and the best

Pair work Talk about places in your city like this,

A : What’s the tallest building in ….?

B : I think it’s the Hilton Hotel.
A : Oh ? Well, I think the Shell Building is taller than the Hilton.

Buildings Going Out

The tallest building The best disco
The oldest building The best restaurant
The most beautiful building The best hotel

Shopping Scenic Areas

The best department store The most beautiful park
The biggest shopping center The most interesting street
The best place for bargains The best picnic spot

46
11 WRITING: Comparison of places
Choose two cities that are very different and compare them.

Tokyo and Kyoto are very different cities. Tokyo is very crowded and busy. There are lots of...
Kyoto is nicer than Tokyo. It’s smaller and older...

10 Swap meet
1 You want to sell three things at the class swap meet.
Make a card for each thing like this.

Hair Dryer for Sale

Kind: Phillips Age:
5 years old Price:$5

2 Class activity Now form two groups – the Sellers and the Buyers and have a swap meet. The
Sellers use their cards first.

Sellers: Use your cards to answer the Buyers’ questions. Try to sell all your things.

Buyers: You have $300 to spend. Go around the swap meet and talk to the Sellers. Ask questions like
these and write down the things you want to buy

What do you have for sale?

What kind is it?
How old is it?
How much is it?

3 Stop after 10 minutes. Tell the class what you want to buy like this.

I’d like to buy John’s stereo. It’s $125.

And I’d like to get Rosa’s typewriter, it’s only $40.

47
11 We saw a UFO !

1 Group work Look at the pictures below.

Can you tell an interesting story about them? Start like this.

One evening last summer, Jim and Debbie took a drive…..

1 Now can you finish the story? Tell what happened next and how the story ends.

2 Class activity Each group tells its story to the class. Which group has the best UFO story?

48
1 READING: Remembering the sixties
What do you know about the 1960s? Do you know the
names of any famous singers or pop groups? How were
fashions different then?

1 Read this passage and choose the best heading for each
paragraph.

Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2

.......Youth Rules the World .......The Youngest Millionaire

.......The Peace Movement .......Changes in Fashion and the Arts

There are many things people remember about the sixties.

Some people remember it for mini-skirts, the Beatles,
hippies, and the flower children. It was a time when young
people “owned” the world and thought that anything was
possible. In art, fashion, and music, the big names were
often in their early twenties, and some of them were
already millionaires! The sixties was a time when young
people used to do whatever they wanted. “Don’t trust
anyone over 30!” they said.

In the arts, people like Andy Warthol created “pop art.” And
fashions changed, too. The mini-skirt became popular, and
then the “unisex” look followed. Young people started
wearing blue jeans everywhere – to school, fancy
restaurants, and concerts. Many of them had very long hair
and wore lots of rings, beads, and bracelets. In music, the
most popular group was the Beatles. Their songs told the
story of the sixties. They sang about love, peace, and
personal freedom.

2 Now find the best place in each paragraph for these

sentences.

Paragraph 1 : Others remember it for the Civil Rights

Movement and the peace marches.

Paragraph 2 : He painted pictures of everyday objects

like soup can

49
2 SNAPSHOT

1980 Ronald Reagan is elected President of the United States.

1981 Prince Chanrles of Britain marries Lady Diana Spencer
1982 Italy wins the World Soccer Cup.
1983 Sally K. Ride becomes the first U.S. woman in space
1984 George Orwell’s book 1984 becomes the best-selling book
in North America.
1985 Mikhail Gorbachev becomes leader of the USSR.
1986 Spain and Portugal join the European Community
1987 Van Gogh’s painting Sunflowers sells for $39.9 million
1988 Australia celebrates its 200th birthday.
1989 East Germany opens the Berlin Wall.

3 MEMORIES
1 Pair work: Ask these questions and other questions of your own.

Where did you use to live as a child?

What’s your favorite childhood memory?
Where did you go to school?
What sports did you play?
Where did you use to go on vacation? Did you have a part-time job?

4 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Used to

What games did you use to play as a child? Did you use to have a hobby?
I used to play ‘Monopoly’. Yes, I used to collect stamps.

1 Complete these sentences. Then compare with a partner.

a) In primary school, I used to…

b) For our summer vacations, we used to …
c) I used to be ….. but I’m not anymore.
d) After school, my best friend and I used to…

2 Now write five sentences about yourself using the past tense or used to. Then compare with a
partner.

50
5 WRITING
1 Write about the things you used to do as a child.

When I was 4 years old, my family moved to Oregon. We had an old 2-story house and a big
yard to play in. My older brother and I used to play lots of games together. In the summer, my
favorite outdoor game was “hide and seek”. It was both fun and scary because we ...

2 Group work Take turns reading your compositions aloud and answer any questions.

6 WORD POWER: City landmarks 7 CONVERSATION

1 Arrange these places into the lists below. 1 Listen and practice.
(a) The American Express Office A: Excuse me, please. Do you know where
(b) The City Hall the nearest bank is?
(c) The Concert Hall B: Well, the City Bank isn’t far from here.
(d) The IBM Building Do you know where the Main Post Office
(e) The Immigration Department is?
(f) The Main Post Office A: No, not really, I’m just passing through.
(g) The National Gallery B: Well, first go down this street to the
(h) The Science Museum traffic light.
(i) The South Point Shopping Plaza A: OK.
B: Then turn left and go west on Sunset
Boulevard for about two blocks. The bank
is on your right, just past the post office.
A: All right. Thanks!
B: You’re welcome.

Commercial buildings -

Government office building -

Arts and entertainment centers -

2 Pair Work Now add the names of two places in your city to each list.
3 Class activity What are the most important landmarks in your city?

51
8 GRAMMAR FOCUS: Indirect questions from Wh- questions

Wh-questions with be Indirect questions

Where is the bank? Could you tell me where the bank is?
Where is Oak Street? Do you know where Oak Street is?
Wh-questions with do Indirect questions
How often does the bus come? Can you tell me how often the bus comes?
When do the banks open? Do you know when the banks open?
What time does the market close? Do you know what time the market closes?

1 Make indirect questions from these Wh-questions.

a) How much does a taxi to the airport cost?

b) Where is the nearest subway station?
c) What time does the last bus come?
d) When do the government offices open?
e) Where is the train station?
f) How often does the airport bus leave?
g) Where are some good restaurants around here?

9 PRONUNCIATION :
1 Wh-questions usually have falling intonation:

How often does the bus come?

Where is the nearest taxi stand?

Indirect questions usually have rising intonations:

Can you tell me how often the bus comes?

Could you tell me where to catch the airport bus?

2 Now listen and practice.

Where is Adam Street?

Could you tell me where Adam Street is?

What time does the department store open?

Do you know what time the department store opens?

52
 Start at Union Square, the center of downtown
San Francisco. From the corner of Stockton and
Post, walk east for one block and browse
through San Francisco’s most fashionable shops
and boutiques.

Turn left on Grant and walk north for four blocks

to Old St. Mary’s Church, the entrance to
Chinatown. Then stroll through the heart of
Chinatown for about six blocks until you come
to Broadway.

At the corner of Broadway and Columbus, you

are in the center of North Beach. It’s famous for
its nightclubs and for its cabarets and Italian
cafes.

Walk do wn Columbus, past two unusual

shopping arcades, Washington Square, At the
intersection of Columbus and Mason, turn right
and go about five more blocks to Fishermen’s Wharf. Be sure to visit the Wax Museum.

Later, walk back along Park to return to Union Square Fisherman’s Wharf and stop at two unusual
shopping arcades, the Cannery and Ghirardelli Square, just next to Aquatic Park.

At the end of the day, you can walk back up Colombus or take a cable car from Aquatic Park to
return to Union Square. We hope you enjoy the tour!

11 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Sequence markers and imperatives

First, go down this street to the signal.
Next, turn right and go east on King Street for about two blocks.
Then look for the Sears Building.
After that, go up the little street beside it.
Finally, cross the bridge and you’re there.

Number the sentences from 1 to 11 to make a conversation.

Then practice it with a partner.

A B
………..Did you say Blade Street? ………..Well, first go along Nathan Road to the
traffic light.
………..I’m trying to find La tavern Restaurant
……….. Oh, I know where that is. It’s on
………..Excuse me, I’m lost.
Henderson Avenue.
………..Ok. Thanks very much.
……….. No, Blake Street. Go down Blake until
………..To the traffic light, Ok. you get to Henderson. La Taverna is on the
left. After that, cross the street and then go
………..On Henderson Avenue. Could you tell
down Blake Street.
me how to get there, please?
……….. Oh, what are you looking for?

53
12 HERE AND THERE

Pair work Take turns giving directions to these or other places

near your class.

A post office A supermarket A bar

A drycleaner’s A coffee shop A bank

A : I’m trying to find……….. Is there one around here?

B : Yes, there’s one on …….. Street. Let me tell you how to
get there. First, …….

Useful Words

across
behind
up/down the street from
in front/back of
in the middle of the block on
near
next to
on
on the corner of
opposite

54
 1 CONVERSATION
Listen and practice.

A : Hello?
B : Hello, Mr. Andrews? This is Max from Ripley’s Realty.
A : Hi. Have you found a house for me yet?
B : Yes, I have a great house to show you on Padley Drive.
It’s only $200.000.
A : Oh, That’s too expensive for me.
B : Well, I have another one on Bank Street. It’s only $85,000.
But it only has one bedroom.
A : Oh, that’s not big enough.
B : Well, how about a house in the country?
A : That sounds interesting.
B : Yes, it’s fairly old. So it needs a little work. But it’s
really nice, and it has a lovely view.

2 WORD POWER: Houses

1 Where would you find these things in a house or an apartment?

Write them on the floor plan below, in the room where they belong. Then compare with a partner.

Carpet Closet
Bathroom
Coffee table Couch
Cupboard Shower Sink
Living Kitchen Bedroom
Room

1 Pair work Now add six more words to the floor plan. Write them in the room where they belong.

55
3 SNAPSHOT

Do you know anything else about the cities above? Name two unusual fats about a city in your
country.

4 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Adverbs and adjectives

It’s very small. It’s not very big.
awfully It’s big enough.
really It’s not big enough.
pretty It’s too small.
fairly

1 Write sentences that have similar meanings to the sentences below. Use the
grammar box above and the words in the list below.

My apartment is too small It’s not big enough or

It’s not very big.

a) This neighborhood is not clean enough. big dirty

b) The downtown area is not safe at night. cheap exciting
c) My apartment is not very expensive. clean hot
d) It’s too warm here in the summer. cool interesting
e) This is a nice city to live in. dangerous pleasant

2 Now match these questions with suitable responses.

a) What’s the weather like in your hometown? ..... It’s fairly small, but it’s in a good
neighborhood.

..... It’s very cold in the winter, but it’s pretty nice
in the summer.

56
b) Do you live n a nice neighborhood? ..... It’s very crowded, and it’s too polluted.

..... It’s pretty comfortable, and the rent is

reasonable, too.

c) What’s your house or apartment like? ..... It’s expensive to live here, but it’s a really
exciting place.

..... It’s all right, but it’s too far from my office
downtown.

d) What’s your city like to live in? ..... It’s pretty nice, and the people are very
friendly,
too.

5 CONVERSATION
Listen and practice.

Client : Hotels are really expensive in Bangkok!

Agent : Yes, but not as expensive as Tokyo. I just paid $ 150 a night there!
Client : That’s outrageous!
Agent : Yes, it is.
Client : But which is more interesting?
Agent : Well, Tokyo has good sightseeing, Bangkok’s much more fun, especially at night!

6 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Comparisons with adjectives

With adjective + er With more/less + adjective

Tokyo is bigger than Bangkok. Tokyo is more crowded than Bangkok.

Bangkok is (much) smaller. Bangkok is (much) less crowded.
Bangkok is not as big as Tokyo. It’s not as Tokyo is not as polluted as Bangkok. It’s
modern. not as cheap.

57
1 Use two words to complete each of these sentences.

a) London is more ……………… ………. Lisbon. (expensive)

b) Public transportation in Toronto is …………………………… in Los Angeles. (good).
c) Honolulu is much less………………… …………….. Hong Kong. (crowded)
d) Sao Paulo is much ………………… …………… Brasilia. (large)
e) The weather in Portland is not as ……………….. in San Diego. (nice)
f) Ottawa is much …………………….. in winter ……… Vancouver. (cold)
g) San Francisco is not as ……………… in summer ……… New York. (hot)

7 WHAT’S IT LIKE ?

Pair work Take turns talking about one of these places.

What’s your favorite city like ? Do you live in a house or an apartment?

hometown What’s it like?

What’s it like there? Is it ……………………………(quiet, comfortable)?

What’s the cost of living like? How ……………… (big, old, safe) is it?
What’s the transportation like? How’s What’s the neighborhood like?
the weather there? What do you like most about it?
Is it…………………. (exciting, fun)? What don’t you like about it?
What’s the nightlife like?

58
8 READING : Apartments for sale

SPRING GARDEN REGENCY TOWERES

The Spring Garden Apartment Come and experience the luxury
Complex offers you and your of Regency Towers and enjoy
family country living at its the Convenience of living only a
best. Surrounded by beautiful five – minute
woods and hills, Spring Walk from the city center!
Garden is located ten miles
outside the city but is only Each apartment in this
minutes from downtown on forty-story building has a
the freeway. wonderful view of the city.
A wide choice of
apartments is available,
Unfurnished two-bedroom
from studios to large three-
apartments are available.
bedroom apartments.
Each apartment has a
dishwasher, central
heating, air conditioning, Each apartment is
and a laundry room. completely furnished and
Children and pets are offers every modern
welcome. convenience: central
heating, air conditioning,
laundry facilities, and your
In addition, there are tennis
own microwave oven. Free
and basketball courts, two maid service is available.
swimming pools, and a Adults preferred; no pets.
playground. There are two Regency Towers also
offers a swimming pool
and an exercise room.
There is twenty-four-hour
Security service.

59
 Listen and practice

A: Hey, this sounds good – snails with garlic.

Have you ever eaten snails?
B: No, I haven’t.
A: Oh, they’re delicious! I had them last
time.
Like to try some?
B: No, thanks. They sound strange.
C: Have you decided on an appetizer yet?
A: Yes. I’ll have the snails, please.
C: And you, sir?
B: I think I’ll have the fried brains.
A: Fried brains? Now that sounds strange!

2 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Past tense and present perfect

Past tense: completed events Present perfect: events within a time period
at a definite time in the past up
to the present
Did you eat snails at the restaurant last night? Have you (ever) eaten snails?
Yes, I did. Yes, I have.
Did you go to Italy last summer? Have you been to Italy?
No, I didn’t. No, I haven’t
I went to a Thai restaurant on Saturday. I have never been to a Thai restaurant.

Complete these conversations and then practice them with a partner.

a) A : Have you ever ………….. (be) on a roller-coaster?

B : Yes, I …………………. It was fun!

b) A : Did you ……… (go) to the movies last weekend?

B : No, I ………………………….. I was too busy.

c) A : Did you ………………. (take) a vacation last year?

B : Yes, I …………………………. I went skiing.

d) A : Have you …………………. (take) a vacation this year?

B : No, I ………………………… Not yet.

e) A : Have you ever ……………………. (try) Mexican food?

B : Yes, I ……………………………. It’s delicious!

f) A : Did you …………………(do) the homework yesterday?

B : No, I ………………………………. Can I look at yours?

60
3 BUSY BODIES
Pair work Ask your partner these questions Baked Fettuccine (Italy): a pasta
and four more of your own.
dish cooked with butter, cheese,
and cream Beggar’s Chicken
Did you ……? (China): Chicken, mushrooms, and
learn how to type in high school vegetables, wrapped in paper and
clay, and baked
eat out last weekend
do anything interesting last night Devonshire Scones (Great Britain, New
drive to class today Zealand): small baked buns made of flour,
butter, and milk, served with whipped cream
and jam
Have you ever………? eaten
frog’s legs flown in a Feijoada (Brazil): a traditional dish made of
helicopter gone black beans, garlic, spices, and pork
skiing
Gado Gado (Indonesia): a salad
been to a fortune teller
made with sliced vegetables, eggs,
and a thick peanut sauce Moussaka
(Greece): a baked dish with ground
lamb, tomatoes, eggplant, cheese,

4 PRONUNCIATION: Word stress

Pair work Write these words on the chart below. Then add eight more words to the chart.

banana chicken delicious pizza restaurant

beverage coffee dessert potato vacation

5 WORD POWER
Pair work Write these words on the chart below. Then add eight more words to the chart.

cabbage ice cream onion saucepan tablespoon

cheesecake potato chips peanuts soda tomato juice

Beverages Snacks Vegetables Desserts Utensils

61
6 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Two-part verbs
Put the words in parentheses in suitable places in these sentences. Then compare with a
partner.

a) Pick some fresh fish and vegetables from the market and then put them the refrigerator until
you are ready to cook. (up, in)
With nouns
b) Get your cookbook and look the recipe. (out, up)
c) Turn the oven and set it at 300 degrees. (on) Cut up the banana. Cut
the banana up
d) Chop the vegetables and put them a pan. (up, in)
Put in the sugar. Put the
e) Put the fish a baking pan and pour the sauce it. sugar in.
(in, over)
f) Make sure you clean the kitchen when you are finished. With pronouns
(up)
Cut it up. (Not : Cut up it)
g) Take the dishes of the dishwasher and put them the
cupboard. (out, in) Put it in.
(Not : Put in it)

Barbecued Kebobs

a) First,…………………………… some wood and ……………… it ………………….the barbeue, or use some

charcoal.
b) Then………………….. some lighter fluid …………. and light the fire.
c) Now ………………………. the meat and vegetables, and …………………….them ………………… a small bowl
with some sauce.
d) ………………… them ………………… of the bowl after twenty minutes
e) Then ………………….. the meat and vegetables. …………………….the skewers and ………….. them
……………… the barbecue.
f) ………………. the meat ………………. after ten minutes and cook it for 10-15 minutes more.
g) Then ………………. the kebobs…………….. the barbecue and enjoy!

7 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Two-part verbs

Listen and practice.
A: What’s your favorite snack?
B: Oh, it’s a sandwich with peanut butter, honey, and a banana. It’s really delicious!
A: Ugh! I’ve never heard of that! How do you make it?
B: Well, first, you take two pieces of bread and spread peanut butter on them. Then cut up a
banana into small slices and put them on one of the pieces of bread. Then pour some honey
over the bananas and put the other piece of bread on top.
A: It sounds awful!

62
8 READING : The worst place for a meal

Read these statements. Do you think they are true (T) or false (F)?

a) Standard airplane meals are high in calories and fat.

b) Most people don’t enjoy eating when they fly.
c) Roast beef with gravy is a healthier choice for a meal
then seafood.
d) You can order special meals from airlines.

Now read the passage and check your answers.

A typical airline breakfast is a cheese omelet, croissant,

bacon, and danish. That’s at least 900 calories, which is
more than many people eat in a day and about twice as
much as most people eat for breakfast.

Other typical airline meals include buttered vegetables, fried foods, and meats served with gravy.
Although travelers complain about airline food, most of them eat everything that is put in front of
them.

What can you do to avoid unhealthy foods on an airplane? First, ask the airline what special meals
they serve. Many serve vegetarian, kosher, and other types of special meals if you give them
advance notice. Second, bring your own snack on board! Some fruit or a bag of popcorn purchased
at the airport is much lower in fat and calories than the peanuts they give you. Third, if you have a
choice between meat and seafood, choose the seafood. And finally, drink milk, juice, or club soda
instead of an alcoholic beverage. You’ll feel much better when you get off the plane!

9 WRITING: Recipes
Pair work Write a recipe for an interesting dish. First, list the ingredients you need. Then describe
how to make the dish.

This recipe is for chicken curry. For this dish you need chicken, coconut milk,...
First, you cut up the chicken and then fry the chicken pieces lightly in oil...

Group work Exchange recipes and read them. Is there a recipe you would like to try?

63
 1 SNAPSHOT
Discussion TRAVEL FACTS

The five most popular destinations for U.S. travelers:

What are five cities in North America you would Canada, Mexico, Great Britain, Germany, France
most like to visit?
What are the five most popular cities and The five most popular cities in the U.S. for foreign
visitors: New York City, Los Angeles, San Francisco,
places in your country for foreign visitors? Honolulu, Miami

to visit in the world? Average amount spent by visitors to the U.S.:

Australians $1,296, Japanese $960, Canadians $291

The most frequent item taken by guests from the Plaza

Hotel,

New York: bathrobes (200 a month)

2 WORD POWER : Travel

Pair work Add these words to the word map.

Backpack medication plane Swiss Army knife

shorts tent visa credit card money belt shorts
tent visa Health insurance passport sleeping bag
traveler’s checks wind breaker

64
3 CONVERSATION
Listen and practice.

A : Hey, Mom. I'm thinking of hitchhiking around

Europe this summer. What do you think?
B : Hitchhiking? That sounds dangerous! You shouldn't
go by yourself. You ought to go with a friend.
A : Yes, I've thought of that.
B : And you'd better talk to your father first.
A : I did already. He thinks it's a great idea. He wants
to come with me!

4 GRAMMAR FOCUS: Modals for necessity and suggestions

Describing necessity Giving suggestions
You have to get a visa. You’d better talk to you father.
You must take warm clothes. You ought to go with a friend.
You should take a sleeping bag.
You don’t have to get a passport. You shouldn’t go by yourself.

Give advice for someone who is thinking of taking a vacation abroad. Then compare with a partner.

You must get a passport.

You shouldn’t pack too many clothes.

a) …… get a passport.
b) …… pack too many clothes.
c) …… buy a roundrip ticket.
d) …… make hotel reservations.
e) …… get health insurance.
f) …… check the weather.
g) …… carry lots of cash.
h) …… get traveler’s checks.
i) …… take a lot of luggage.
j) …… check on visas.
k) …… carry your wallet in a back
5 CONVERSATION
Listen and practice.

Yumi : Are you going to go to the Halloween party?

Greg : Sure. I love Halloween!
Yumi : What are you going to wear?
Greg : I’m going as Frankenstein.
How about you?
Yumi : I’m going to go as the Bride or Frankensatein.
Greg : Hey, maybe we should go together.

65
6 GRAMMAR FOCUS : Present continuous and going to for future
Listen and practice.

With present continuous With going to + verb

What are you doing after class? What are you going to do after class?
I’m not doing much. I’m not going to do much.
Are you doing anything tonight? Are you going to do anything tonight?
Yes, I’m going to a movie. Yes, I’m going to go to a movie.

Complete these conversations with the present continuous or going to.

a) A : ………………. you ……………… (do) anything after class?

B : Yes, I’m …………….(do) some shopping downtown. Would you like to come?

b) A : What ………………… you ……………(do) tomorrow night ?

B : Nothing much. Why?
A : Well, some of us ……………… (take) the teacher out for coffee. Would you like to join us?

c) A : What ……………….. you ……………………(do) Saturday?

B : Well, I ……………….(work) until four o’clock.

Then I ……………………… (go) to a party. What about you? A : I’m ……………………… (go) away for the
weekend.

7 DREAM VACATION
Pair work You won some money in a lottery.

Plan an interesting trip around the world. Discuss these questions and others of your own. Make
notes.

Where are we going to start from?

What time of the year should we travel?
How are we going to travel?
How many countries and cities are we going to visit?
How long should we spend in each place?
Where are we going to stay?
What are we planning to do and see there?
How much money should we take?
What things do we need to take?

66
8 READING: Fitness in the air

Many people get jet lag when they

travel. Here are some exercises you
can do in your seat on a long plane
flight that will reduce jet lag. Match
each exercise with the correct
picture.

a) Turn your head to the left

and touch your shoulder with
your chin. Then repeat to the
right.

b) Bend your back slightly, then

drop your head back so that you
can see the overhead
compartment. Relax your jaw.
Feel the stretch in your neck and
chin

c) Sit up straight and lift your

left foot off the floor, raising your
whole leg about an inch off the
seat. Turn your foot to the right
and then to the left ten times.
Repeat with the right foot.

d) Sit up straight with your

shoulders slightly forward. Put
your fingers together and raise
your arms to chest level, keeping
your elbows straight and your
palms facing outward. Stretch
and then relax.

(e) Sit up straight. Hold the right

armrest with your left hand and
turn your body and head to the
right. Release and then hold the
left armrest with your right hand
and turn to the left.

67
 Main Campus: 23, Hospital, Road, Dehiwala.
Branches: Kandy Kurunegala Negombo Galle