9

Mathematics

i
Mathematics 9 – Quarter 4
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 4 – Lesson 3: Illustrating Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City

Development Team of the Module

Writer’s Name : Dario I. Amodia, MT1

Editors’& Reviewers’ Name : Rebecca P. Toring, PSDS District 5
: Rowena G. Sagarino, Principal II
: Josephine C. Daño, MT I
: Charlene I. Tampus, T III
Illustrator’s Name : John AL Carlou R. Sadagnot
: Ivy Jane A. Rasalada
: Elizabeth M. Ababon
Layout : Josephine C. Daño, MT-I
Plagiarism Detector Software : PlagiarismDetector.com
Grammarly Software : CitationMachine.com
Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent : Wilfreda D. Bongalos, Ph.D., CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent : Cartesa M. Perico, Ed.D.
Curriculum Implementation Chief : Oliver M. Tuburan, Ed.D.
EPSVR- Mathematics : Cecilia O. Arcenal
EPSVR-LRMDS : Teresita A. Bandolon
ADM Coordinator : Jennifer S. Mirasol
Printed in the Philippines by:
Department of Education – Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
Office
Johh Address: B.M. Dimataga St., Poblacion, Lapu-Lapu City
Contact No.: (032) 410-4525
Email Address: [email protected]

ii
 What I Need to Know

This lesson was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you understand the basic concepts of Trigonometry. The scope of this module permits
it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The Most Essential Learning Competencies:
 Illustrates angles of elevation and angles of depression

The module is divided into four lessons, namely:

 Lesson 3.1 – Illustrates Angles of Elevation
 Lesson 3.2 – Illustrates Angles of Depression

After going through this module, student/s will:

1. Illustrates angles of elevation and angles of depression.

What I know
Take the test to determine whether you have a solid background of the topic. Read
the following items carefully. Then, choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What do you call an angle from the horizontal to the line of sight of the observer
to the object above?
A. Oblique Angle B. Angle of Depression
C. Angle of Elevation D. Line of Sight

2. What do you call an angle from the horizontal to the line of sight of the observer
to the object below?
A. Angle of Elevation B. Angle of Depression
C. Oblique Triangle D. Line of Sight

3. What do you call an imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to the
object being observed?
A. Angle of Elevation B. Angle of Depression
C. Oblique Triangle D. Line of Sight

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 For numbers 4 to 7, refer to the following illustrations. Identify whether the
following angles illustrates angle of elevation or angle of depression.
A. Angle of Elevation B. Angle of Depression

For numbers 8 – 9, refer to the illustrations below in answering the given situations.

A. B.

C. D.

8. An airplane cruising at an altitude of 15 km wants to land at Mactan International

Airport. The angle of depression to the airport is 30˚. Which illustration is needed to
solve for the horizontal distance from the plane to the airport?

9. A tree casts a 15 m shadow where the angle of elevation of the sun is 30˚. What
illustration will match, in getting the height of the tree?

2
10. A camper who is hiking stands on top of a 300 ft high cliff. He looks down and sees
a rabbit. What angle is formed?
A. obtuse angle B. oblique
C. angle of elevation D. angle of depression

11. What angle is formed that makes with the ground when a 10 – foot ladder leans
against the side of the wall?
A. obtuse angle B. oblique
C. angle of elevation D. angle of depression

12. An airplane cruising at an altitude of 15 km wants to land at Mactan International

Airport. The angle of depression to the airport is 30˚. What trigonometric ratio is
used to find the horizontal distance from the plane to the airport?
A. sine B. cosine C. tangent D. secant

13. What are the given values in number 12?

A. opposite side = 15km, angle of depression = 30˚
B. opposite side = 30km, angle of elevation = 15˚
C. adjacent side = 15km, angle of depression = 30˚
D. adjacent side = 30km, angle of elevation = 15˚

14. A kite flying at a height of 75 meters is attached to a string inclined at 40˚ to the
horizontal. What trigonometric ratio is used to find the length of the string?
A. cosine B. sine C. tangent D. secant

15. What is the unknown side of the problem in item number 14?
A. opposite side C. parallel side
B. adjacent side D. hypotenuse

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 Lesson 3.1
Illustrates Angles of Elevation

What’s In
Suppose you are looking at the kite above, is there a way to directly
measure the height of the kite? An airplane is flying a certain height above the ground.
Is it possible to directly find the distance along the ground from the airplane to an
airport using a ruler? The trigonometric ratios that you learned in the previous lesson
will help you answer these questions. To recall, there are six trigonometric ratios: sine,
cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and cotangent. These are referred to as ratios
because they can be expressed in terms of the sides of a right - angled triangle for a
specific angle. Below is the list of these functions with its corresponding ratios.

https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Riverside_City_College/Random_Course/1%3A_Right_Triangle_
Trigonometry_Angles/1.2%3A_Trigonometric_Functions_of_an_Acute_Angle

What’s New

Look Up!

1. Go outside your house and look for objects or structure that you see above or up
high. Make an illustration of these objects/structures in a paper. In your drawing,
sketch a line from your eyes to the object and another line from your eyes
horizontally.

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2. The first one is done for you.
1. 2. 3. 4.

1. How did you find the activity?

2. Describe the illustration or picture you have created from the activity.
3. When you look up to tall objects, is there an angle formed?
4. Do you think you can directly measure the height, the distance of the object you
have listed in the activity?

What Is It
From the activity, the figures that you have drawn involves some significant
terms such as line of sight and angles of elevation as defined below.

Line of Sight – is an imaginary line that

connects the eye of an observer to the
object being observed.

Angle of Elevation – is the angle from the

horizontal to the line of sight of the observer
to the object above.

Notice that in the illustration, it forms a right triangle in which we can apply the
trigonometric ratios to find the measure of the unknown segments/sides.
Example 1:

Suppose stated in the problem, you (as an observer)

look at the airplane above and forms and angle of
elevation of 60˚, and the vertical distance from the
airplane to the ground is 1200 meters, what formula will
you use to find the horizontal distance from the observer
to the airplane?
Given:
angle of elevation = 60˚
vertical distance (opposite side) = 1200 meters
Unknown: horizontal distance (adjacent side)

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Answer:
Since the problem involves opposite side
and adjacent side, the trigonometric ratio
to be used is tangent. Thus, tan  
opposite
adjacent

Let’s have more examples on illustrating problems on angles of elevation and

identify the formula to be used to solve the unknown.
Example 2:
Jun is flying a kite. He is holding the string that is 30
meters long and makes an angle of elevation of 50˚.
What trigonometric ratio is needed to find the height of
the kite?
Given:
angle of Elevation = 50˚
string (hypotenuse) = 30 meters
Unknown: vertical distance (opposite side)
https://dlpng.com/png/6874679

Answer:
Since the problem involves opposite side
and hypotenuse, the trigonometric ratio
to be used is sine. Thus, sin  
opposite
hypotenuse .

Example 3:
A ladder 12 meters long rests against a vertical wall so that the distance between the
bottom of the ladder and the wall is 8 meters. What trigonometric ratio is needed to
find the angle that the ladder makes with the ground?

Given:
ladder (hypotenuse) = 12 meters
horizontal distance (adjacent side) = 8 meters
Unknown: angle of elevation

Answer:
Since the problem involves the adjacent side
and hypotenuse, the trigonometric ratio
to be used is cosine. Thus, cos 
adjacent
hypotenuse .

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 What’s More
Illustrate the following problems and identify the formula to be used to solve the
unknown. Use the template below.

Draw the diagram.

What is/are the given?

What is to be determined/unknown?

Trigonometric ratio to be used in

finding the unknown.

3.1.1. A tree casts a 15-meter shadow where the angle of elevation of the sun is 42˚.
How tall is the tree? (*Follow the instruction above. Do not solve for the height of the tree)

3.1.2. An airplane is observed to be approaching the airport. It is at a distance of 15

km from the point of observation and makes an angle of elevation of 70˚. Find the
height of the airplane above the ground. (*Follow the instruction above. Do not solve for
the height of the airplane above the ground).

3.1.3. The angle of elevation of the top of the building at a distance of 60 meters from
its foot on a horizontal plane is found to be 50˚. Find the height of the building. (*Follow
the instruction above. Do not solve for the height of the building).

What I have learned

Let us check what you have learned in this lesson by completing each
statement to make the best geometric sense. (One word per blank)

Angle of elevation is the angle from the (1. )________ to the line of sight of the
observer to the object (2. )___________. Line of sight is an imaginary line that
connects the (3. )______ of an observer to the object being (4. )_________.

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 Lesson 3.2
Illustrates Angles of Depression

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you have defined the significant terms such as line of
sight which is an imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to the object
being observed and angle of elevation which is the angle between the horizontal line
of sight and the line of sight up to an object. For example, a boy is flying a kite can be
illustrated as,

Notice that in the illustration it

forms a right triangle, in which we can
apply the Trigonometric ratios to find the
length of the string of the kite, the
horizontal distance along the ground
from the kite to the boy, and the vertical
distance from the boy to the kite.

https://dlpng.com/png/6874679

Here is the equation needed to solve for

Length of the string:
sin   opposite
hypotenuse or cos 
adjacent
hypotenuse

Horizontal distance:
cos  adjacent
hypotenuse or tan  
opposite
adjacent

Vertical distance:
sin   or tan  
opposite opposite
hypotenuse adjacent

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 What’s New

Look Down!
1. Go outside your house and make an illustration of objects/structures
that you see on the ground.
2. Draw a red line from your eyes to the object/structure and another
blue line from your eyes horizontally.
3. Illustrate it in the box below. The first one is already done for you.

1. How did you find the activity?

2. Describe the illustration or picture you have created from the activity.
Is there a mathematical concept involved?
3. When you look down to objects/structures, is there an angle formed?
4. Do you think, you can directly measure the height and the distance
of the object you have listed in the activity?
5. Do you think you can use these ideas in your daily life?

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 What Is It

Let us consider the activity as our example.

In your illustrations, you will notice that these involves right triangles that
requires knowledge of some significant terms, such as line of sight and angle of
depression.
Definitions:
Horizontal Line of Sight - the
imaginary line that starts at your eyes
and moves out horizontally, parallel to the
ground
Line of sight – is an imaginary line that
connects the eye of an
observer to the object being observed
Angle of Depression – is the angle from
the horizontal to the line of sight of the
observer to the object below

Example 1:
Suppose, a man is watching his dog at a
distance. The angle of depression is 28 degrees
and the man’s height 5.5 feet. What formula will
you use to find the horizontal distance from the
man to his dog?

Given:
Angle of depression=28 degrees
Man’s height(opposite side)=5.5ft
Unknown: Horizontal distance from the man
to the dog(adjacent side)

Answer:
Since the problem involves opposite side
and adjacent side, then the trigonometric
opposite
ratio to be used is tangent. Thus tan  
adjacent

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 As you take a closer look to the figure above, you
will observe that there is an angle of elevation
being formed. The dog is the observer while the
object/structure being observed is the man
wearing a brown shirt.

From this figure, we can recall our knowledge about

parallel lines cut by a transversal. Notice that, the
angle of depression serves as angle 1 in the figure
below and angle of elevation serves as angle 2.
Angle 1 and angle 2 are called as alternate interior
angles and these two angles are congruent.

 What equation is needed to solve for the distance of the man to the dog?
Remember that the problem involves opposite side and adjacent side
Angle of Depression Angle of Elevation
adjacent
ᶿ hypotenuse
opposite
hypotenuse opposite
ᶿ
adjacent

opposite opposite
tan   tan  
adjacent(dis tan ce) adjacent(dis tan ce)

What’s More

Illustrate the following problems and identify the formula to be used to solve the
unknown. Use the template below.

Draw the diagram.

What is/are given?

What is the unknown?

Trigonometric ratio to be
used to solve the unknown.

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3.2.1 From the top of a cliff 280 meters high, the angle of depression of a boat is
0
25 .How far from the base of the cliff is the boat? (*Follow the instruction above. Do not
solve for the distance from the base of the cliff to the boat.)

3.2.2 From an airplane at an altitude of 1200 m, the angle of depression to a rock on

the ground measures 280. Find the horizontal distance from the plane to the rock.
(*Follow the instruction above. Do not solve for the horizontal distance from the plane to the
rock.)
3.2.3. The angle of depression of a boy from a point on a lighthouse 30.5 meters above
the surface of the water is 30. How far is the boy from the lighthouse? (*Follow the
instruction above. Do not solve for the distance of the boy to the lighthouse.)

What I have learned

Let us check your learning by completing the sentences below. (One letter per blank)

Angle of elevation is the angle from the (1. )_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to the line of sight of
the observer to the object (2. )_ _ _ _ _. Line of sight is an imaginary line that connects
the (3. )_ _ _of an observer to the object being (4. )_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Congratulations!

You are now done with the lesson! Write at least 2 sentences on what you
have learned throughout this lesson.

What I can do

Objective:

 To measure lengths and use these measurements to determine the

formula in finding the angle measures.
 To illustrate/draw the situation.
 To create/construct a problem out of the situation.

1. Look for trees outside your house or any tall objects (must be more than 6 feet).
2. Measure the height of this object. Measure also its shadow.
3. In a short bond paper, sketch or illustrate your work showing the measure of the
object and its shadow.
4. Construct two problems out of your illustration. One for angle of elevation, and one
for angle of depression. Be sure to label your angles with ⊖.

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5. Identify the formula to be used to find the measure of the angles and explain why
that formula is to be used.
6. Be guided with the rubrics shown below.
Rubrics:

4 3 2 1
Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning
Accuracy
of the measurements
and formula
Creativity of the
illustration

Construction of the
problem

Mathematical
Justification

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 Assessment
1. What angle is being defined as the angle from the horizontal to the line of
sight of the observer to the object below?
A. Angle of Elevation C. Right Angle
B. Angle of Depression D. Obtuse Angle

2. What angle is being defined as the angle from the horizontal to the line of
sight of the observer to the object above?
A. Angle of Elevation C. Right Angle
B. Angle of Depression D. Obtuse Angle
3. What do you call an imaginary line that connects the eye of an observer to
the object being observed?
A. Angle of Elevation C. Transversal Line
B. Angle of Depression D. Line of Sight
For numbers 4-6, refer to figure 1, below

Figure 1
4. Name the angle formed between the observer and the object.
A. ORP B. POR C. OPR D. PRO
5. Identify the angle that is illustrated in the figure.
A. Right Angle C. Angle of Elevation
B. Obtuse Angle D. Angle of Depression
6. Identify the segment that represents the line of sight.
A. OP C. OR
B. RP D. PR
7. Which of the following figures represents angle of depression?

I. III.

II. IV.
A. I, II B. III, IV C. I, IV D. II, IV

14
For numbers 8-10 refer to the problem below.
From the top of a fire tower, a forest ranger sees his partner on the
ground at an angle of depression of 40º. If the tower is 45 feet in height, how
far is the partner from the base of the tower?

8. Which illustration will represent the problem?

A.
C.

B. D.
9. What part of a right triangle is to be determined from the given problem?
A. adjacent B. opposite C. hypotenuse D. right angle
10. What equation is needed to solve for the distance of his partner from the
base of the tower?
opposite adjacent
A. sin  C. cos 
hypotenuse hypotenuse
opposite D. all of the above
B. tan 
adjacent
For numbers 11-13 refer to the problem below.
A person 100 meters from the base of a tree, observes that the angle
between the ground and the top of the tree is 18 degrees. Estimate the height
of the tree.
11. What illustration will represent the problem?

A. C.

D.
B.

15
12. What equation is needed to solve for the height of the tree?
opposite opposite
A. sin  C. tan 
hypotenuse adjacent
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
adjacent D. csc = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
B. cos 
hypotenuse
13. What part of a right triangle is to be determined from the given problem?
A. right angle B. opposite C. adjacent D. hypotenuse
14. What numbers form an angle of elevation based on figure 2?
A. 7 & 9
B. 6 & 8
C. 6 & 7
D. 8 & 9 Figure 2
15. What can you say about 1 and  2 based on figure 3?
A. 1 &  2 are both angles of elevation
B. 1 &  2 are both angles of depression
C. 1 &  2 are equal in measure because
they are vertical angles
D. 1 &  2 are equal in measure because
they are alternate interior angles Figure 3

16
 17
What I Know (Pre-Test) What I Know (Post-Test)
1. C 6. A 11. C. 1. B 6. A 11. D
2. B 7. B 12. C 2. A 7. D 12. C
3. D 8. D 13. A 3. D 8. C 13. B
4. B 9. A 14. B 4. B 9. A 14. A
5. A 10. D 15. D 5. C 10. B 15. D
28.1. What’s More
28.1.1 28.1.2 28.1.3
Draw the Draw the Draw the
diagram. diagram. diagram.
What is/are Angle of elevation = 42˚ What is/are Angle of elevation = 70˚ What is/are Angle of elevation = 50˚
the given? Adjacent side = 15 m the given? hypotenuse = 15 km the given? Adjacent side = 60 m
What is to be Opposite side = x What is to be Opposite side = x What is to be Opposite side = x
determined/ determined/ determined/
unknown? unknown? unknown?
Trigonometric Trigonometric Trigonometric
ratio to be ratio to be ratio to be
used in used in used in
finding the finding the finding the
unknown. unknown. unknown.
28.2. What’s More
28.2.1 28.2.2 28.2.3
Draw the Draw the Draw the
diagram. diagram. diagram.
What is/are Angle of depression What is/are Angle of depression What is/are Angle of depression =3
the given? = 250 the given? = 28˚ the given? Opposite side = 30.5 m
Opposite side = Opposite side = 1200
280m m
What is to be Adjacent side = x What is to be Adjacent side = x What is to be Adjacent side = x
determined/ determined/ determined/
unknown? unknown? unknown?
Trigonometric Trigonometric Trigonometric
ratio to be ratio to be ratio to be
used in used in used in
finding the finding the finding the
unknown. unknown. unknown.
Answer Key
References
n.d.
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Division of Lapu-Lapu City

Department of Education
B.M. Dimataga St., Poblacion, Lapu-Lapu City

Contact No: (032) 410-4525

E-mail Address: [email protected]

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