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11 Inheritance

The document discusses the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming, highlighting how a child class can inherit features from a parent class and extend its functionality. It provides examples of classes such as Calculator, ScCalculator, Person, Student, and HondaCivic, demonstrating the implementation of constructors, destructors, and the combination of inheritance and composition. The document emphasizes the advantages of reusability and extension in programming through inheritance.

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Ahmad Raza
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4 views5 pages

11 Inheritance

The document discusses the concept of inheritance in object-oriented programming, highlighting how a child class can inherit features from a parent class and extend its functionality. It provides examples of classes such as Calculator, ScCalculator, Person, Student, and HondaCivic, demonstrating the implementation of constructors, destructors, and the combination of inheritance and composition. The document emphasizes the advantages of reusability and extension in programming through inheritance.

Uploaded by

Ahmad Raza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Inheraitance (extension)

- child inherits its parent


- Subclass can use all features of its super class
- Parent should exist for inheritance

Advantage
- Extension
child class extends the functionality of its parent
- Reusability
we can reuse already existing class with new Functionly

e.g Calculator
ScientificCal BusinessCaL
.................................................
#include <iostream.h>
class Calculator{
public :
void add() { cout<<"add "<<endl;}
void sub() { cout<<"sub "<<endl;}

};

class ScCalculator:public Calculator{


public :
void sq() { cout<<"sq "<<endl;}
void power() { cout<<"power "<<endl;}

};
void main () {
Calculator c;
c.add();
c.sub();
ScCalculator ob;
ob.add();
ob.sub();
ob.sq();
ob.power();

}
..........................................................
Same example with constructor and destructors
#include <iostream.h>
class Calculator{
public :
Calculator() { cout<<"Calculator created "<<endl;}
~Calculator() { cout<<"Calculator expired "<<endl;}
void add() { cout<<"add "<<endl;}
void sub() { cout<<"sub "<<endl;}

};

class ScCalculator:public Calculator{


public :
ScCalculator() { cout<<"ScCalculator created "<<endl;}
~ScCalculator() { cout<<"ScCalculator expired "<<endl;}
void sq() { cout<<"sq "<<endl;}
void power() { cout<<"power "<<endl;}
};
void main () {
ScCalculator ob;
ob.add();
ob.sub();
ob.sq();
ob.power();

}
......................................................

e.g
Example with data
Person(id,name)

Student(marks,grade()) Teacher(salary,tax())
(UML Diagram on Board)
// constructor excution top to bottom
class Person{
private :
int id;
char name[20];
public:
Person() {cout<<"Person Created"<<endl; }
Person(int d, char n[]) {
id=d;
strcpy(name,n);
cout<<"Person Created"<<endl;
}
void setName(char n[]) { strcpy(name,n);}
void setId(int d ) { id=d;}
int getId() { return id;}
char * getName(){return name;}

};
class Student :public Person{
private:
int marks;
public :
Student () { cout<<"Student Created"<<endl;}
Student (int d,char n[],int m):Person(d,n)
{ marks=m;
cout<<"Student Created"<<endl; }
void setMarks(int m) {marks=m;}
int getMarks() {return marks;}
char grade() {
char g;
if (marks>=80)
g='A';
else if (marks>=70)
g='B';
else if (marks>=60)
g='c';
else if (marks>=50)
g='D';
else
g='F';
return g;
}
};
// same for teacher class
void main () {
Student ob(10,"Imran",80);
cout<<ob.getId()<<ob.getName()<<ob.getMarks()<<ob.grade()<<endl;

}
.............................................................
e.g Extend student class as BS and MS students
Person(id,name)

Student(marks,grade()) Teacher(salary,tax())

BSStudent(project) MsStudent(Thesis)

(UML Diagram on Board)

class Person{
private :
int id;
char name[20];
public:
Person() {cout<<"Person Created"<<endl; }
Person(int d, char n[]) {
id=d;
strcpy(name,n);
cout<<"Person Created"<<endl;
}
void setName(char n[]) { strcpy(name,n);}
void setId(int d ) { id=d;}
int getId() { return id;}
char * getName(){return name;}

};
class Student :public Person{
private:
int marks;
public :
Student () { cout<<"Student Created"<<endl;}
Student (int d,char n[],int m):Person(d,n)
{ marks=m;
cout<<"Student Created"<<endl; }
void setMarks(int m) {marks=m;}
int getMarks() {return marks;}
char grade() {
char g;
if (marks>=80)
g='A';
else if (marks>=70)
g='B';
else if (marks>=60)
g='c';
else if (marks>=50)
g='D';
else
g='F';
return g;
}
};
class BsStudent:public Student{
private:
char project[200];
public:
BsStudent ( ) {
cout<<"BS Student Created"<<endl;
}
BsStudent(int d, char n[],int m,char p[]):Student(d,n,m)
{
strcpy(project,p);
cout<<"BS Student Created"<<endl;
}

void setProject(char p[]){strcpy(project,p);}


char * getProject() { return project;}
};

void main () {
BsStudent ob (10,"Imran",80,"Graphics Game");
cout<<ob.getId()<<ob.getName()<<ob.getMarks()<<ob.grade()<<endl;
cout<<ob.getProject()<<endl;
}
..........................................................

Mixture of Composition and Inheritance

e.g Car must have Engine, Tyre,Body


HondaCivic extends the concept of car with digital meter
(see class diagram on board)
class Engine{
public :
Engine() {
cout<<"Engine created"<<endl;
}
void start() {
cout<<"Engine Started 1800 hrspower"<<endl;
}

};
class Tyre{
public :
Tyre() {
cout<<"Tyre created"<<endl;
}
void size() {
cout<<"Tyre Size is 17 inch"<<endl;
}

};
class Body{
public :
Body() {
cout<<"Body created"<<endl;
}
void type() {
cout<<"Body type is saloon color is white"<<endl;
}
};
class Car {
private:
Engine e;
Body b;
Tyre t;
public :
Car () {
cout<<"Car created"<<endl;
}
void printSpecification(){
e.start();
b.type();
t.size();
}
};
class HondaCivic:public Car{
private:
int digitalMeter;
public:
HondaCivic() {
cout<<"Honda Civic Created"<<endl;}

HondaCivic(int p ) {
digitalMeter=p;
cout<<"Honda Civic Created"<<endl;}
void printHondaSpecification(){
printSpecification();
cout<<digitalMeter<<endl;

};

void main (){

HondaCivic civic(300);
civic.printHondaSpecification();

}
............................................................

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