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Relations Notes

The document outlines key concepts of relations and functions, defining relations as sets of ordered pairs and functions as relations where each input maps to a unique output. It describes various types of relations, including one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, noting that only one-to-one and many-to-one relations qualify as functions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of domain, co-domain, and range, as well as the use of mapping diagrams for visualizing these concepts.

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6 views2 pages

Relations Notes

The document outlines key concepts of relations and functions, defining relations as sets of ordered pairs and functions as relations where each input maps to a unique output. It describes various types of relations, including one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many, noting that only one-to-one and many-to-one relations qualify as functions. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of domain, co-domain, and range, as well as the use of mapping diagrams for visualizing these concepts.

Uploaded by

jadon.smith
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Notes: Relation and Function

Key Concepts
1. Relation:
o A set of ordered pairs (x, y) where the first element (x) is mapped to the
second element (y).
o Relations can be represented in various forms, including equations, tables,
graphs, mapping diagrams, and sets of ordered pairs.
2. Function:
o A relation where each element in the domain maps to exactly one element in
the range.
o Example: f(x) = x + 3 maps each x to one unique y.
3. Domain, Co-domain, Range, Object, and Image:
o Domain: The set of all input values (x) in a relation.
o Co-domain: The set of all possible output values (y) in a relation.
o Range: The actual set of output values (y) from the relation.
o Object: The input value (xx).
o Image: The corresponding output value (y).

Types of Relations
1. One-to-One:
o Each element in the domain maps to one unique element in the co-domain.
2. Many-to-One:
o Multiple elements in the domain map to the same element in the co-domain.
3. One-to-Many:
o A single element in the domain maps to multiple elements in the co-domain.
4. Many-to-Many:
o Multiple elements in the domain map to multiple elements in the co-domain.
Note:
• One-to-one and many-to-one relations are functions.
• One-to-many and many-to-many relations are not functions.
Representation of Relations
1. Equation: y = x + 3.
2. Mapping statement: x→x+3x
3. Ordered pairs: {(−4, −3), (−2, −1), (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)}
4. Graph.
5. Table.
6. Mapping diagram or arrow diagram.
7. Relation diagram.

Mapping Diagrams
• A visual representation of how each domain element is paired with a range element.
• Example: For x→ 𝑥 2, domain = {−1,0,1,2}:
o (−1,1), (0,0), (1,1), (2,4).

Examples of Relations
1. Rule: x→x+1 .
o Ordered pairs: {(−4, −3), (−2, −1), (0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)}.
o Type: One-to-One.
2. Rule: x→ 𝑥 2.
o Ordered pairs: {(−2,4), (−1,1), (0,0), (1,1), (2,4)}.
o Type: Many-to-One.

Key Takeaways
• Relations describe the connection between two sets, while functions are specific types
of relations with unique outputs for each input.
• Mapping diagrams provide a clear way to visualize relations and functions.
• Understanding domain, co-domain, and range is essential for interpreting and
analysing relations and functions.

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