I AM GONNA SUCCEED

 YOU HAVE POTENTIAL

 YOU ARE NOT GONNA WASTE IT
 IT’S EASY FOR YOU BECAUSE
YOU’RE MADE FOR IT
 YOU LIKE TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE
 LEARN IT AND APPLY IT
PERFECTLY
 DO NOT GET SCARED
 NOTHING MATTERS TILL YOU WIN
 AFTER YOU WIN, LIFE WILL BE AS
YOU LIKE IT TO BE
 I AM PROUD OF YOU
 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat TIME
Sleeping Wake up Wakeup Wakeup Wakeup Wakeup Wakeup 7:00 – 8:30
beauty o icer o icer o icer o icer o icer o icer

Wakeup Freshen Freshen Freshen Freshen Freshen Freshen 8:30 – 9:30

o icer up up up up up/ bath up
Small B
Room Study 1 Study 1 Study 1 Study 1 Study 1 Study 1 9:30 – 12:30
Clean
Small Bath
Brunch Brunch Brunch Brunch Brunch Brunch Brunch 12:30 – 1:30

Study Study 2 Study 2 Study 2 Study 2 Study 2 Study 2 1:30 – 4:00

Lunch Workout Workout Workout Workout Workout Workout 4:00 – 5:00

Bath

Test Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch 5:00 – 5:30

Test Study 3 Study 3 Study 3 Study 3 Study 3 Study 3 5:30 – 7:30

Walk Walk Walk Walk Walk Walk Walk 7:30 – 9:30

Family Family Family Family Family Family Family
Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner Dinner

Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer Answer 9:30 – 11:30

writing writing writing writing writing writing writing
Past years Past Past Past Past Past Past
years years years years years years

Study 4 Study 4 Study 4 Study 4 Study 4 Study 4 Study 4 11:30 - 12:30

Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep 12:30 – 1:00

A. Basics of Environment & Ecology
 Ecosystem & its components (Biotic & Abiotic)
 Energy flow in an ecosystem (Food Chain, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids)
 Biogeochemical cycles (Carbon, Nitrogen, Water, etc.)
 Ecological succession & Biodiversity
B. Biodiversity & Conservation
 Biosphere reserves, National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries
 Endangered species (IUCN Red List, CITES, WWF reports)
 Biodiversity hotspots in India
 Conservation efforts: Project Tiger, Project Elephant, etc.
C. Environmental Issues & Pollution
 Air, Water, Soil, and Noise pollution
 Eutrophication, Biomagnification, Acid rain
 Climate change: Global warming, Ozone layer depletion
 Carbon footprint & Sustainable development
D. Climate Change & Mitigation Efforts
 IPCC, Paris Agreement, COP Summits
 Kyoto Protocol, Carbon Credits
 India’s climate action plans (NAPCC, SAPCC)
 Renewable energy initiatives (Solar, Wind, Hydrogen)
E. Environmental Laws & Policies
 Environmental Protection Act, 1986
 Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
 Forest Conservation Act, 1980
 Biological Diversity Act, 2002
F. International Organizations & Conventions
 UNFCCC, CBD, Ramsar Convention
 UNEP, WWF, IUCN, Greenpeace
 Stockholm, Rio+20, Basel, and Minamata Conventions
Resources and Answer Writing Strategy (For Mains)
 NCERT Books: Class 12 Biology (Chapters on Ecology), Class 11-12 Geography
 Government Reports: Economic Survey, State of Forest Report, IPCC Reports
 Websites: PIB, MoEFCC, UN Environment, NASA Climate Change
 Use diagrams & flowcharts (e.g., food chain, energy flow, carbon cycle)
 Provide case studies (Chandrapur Tiger Reserve, Chipko Movement)
 Quote reports and Suggest government policies & sustainable solutions
A. Physical Geography
1. Geomorphology (Earth’s Structure & Landforms)
o Earth’s structure (Crust, Mantle, Core)
o Plate tectonics & Continental Drift Theory
o Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Tsunamis
o Weathering & Erosion (Fluvial, Aeolian, Glacial Landforms)
2. Climatology (Weather & Climate)
o Composition & Layers of Atmosphere
o Heat Budget & Insolation
o Winds (Planetary, Monsoon, Jet Streams)
o Cyclones (Tropical & Temperate)
o El Niño, La Niña & Indian Monsoon
3. Oceanography (Oceans & Seas)
o Ocean Currents, Tides & Waves
o Coral Reefs & Marine Resources
o Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) & Ocean Conservation
4. Environmental Geography
o Biomes & Ecosystems
o Natural Disasters & Mitigation Strategies
o Climate Change & Global Warming

B. Indian Geography
1. Physiography of India
o Himalayas, Indo-Gangetic Plains, Peninsular Plateau
o Coastal & Island Geography
o Rivers of India (Himalayan & Peninsular)

2. Climate of India
o Monsoon (Mechanism, Variability, & Impact)
o Western Disturbances & Local Winds
o Droughts, Cyclones, and Extreme Weather Events
3. Natural Vegetation & Wildlife
o Types of Forests & their Distribution
o Wildlife Sanctuaries, National Parks & Biosphere Reserves
o Conservation Efforts (Project Tiger, Project Elephant)
 4. Soils & Agriculture
o Soil Types in India & Soil Erosion
o Green Revolution & Agricultural Patterns
o Irrigation & Major Crops

C. Human & Economic Geography

1. Population & Settlement Geography
o Demographic Trends & Census Reports
o Urbanization, Migration, & Smart Cities
2. Resources & Industries
o Mineral & Energy Resources (Coal, Oil, Renewable Energy)
o Industrial Regions of India
o Transportation & Trade Routes
3. Geopolitical Issues
o Border Disputes & India’s Strategic Location
o India’s Relations with Neighbors (China, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
o International Agreements on Geography & Environment
Strategy for Geography in UPSC
For Prelims:
✔ Focus on maps (Rivers, Mountain Ranges, National Parks)
✔ Learn Climate & Agriculture Patterns in India
✔ Keep up with Current Affairs (Disasters, Climate Change, Policies)
 NCERT Books: Class 6-12 Geography (Essential for Basics)
 Oxford Atlas (For Map Practice)
For Mains:
✔ Use diagrams & maps in answers
✔ Connect Geography with Economy & Environment
✔ Practice PYQs (Previous Year Questions)

A. Indian Constitution (Fundamentals)

1. Historical Background
o Regulating Act of 1773 to Cabinet Mission (1946)
o Government of India Acts (1909, 1919, 1935)
o Indian Independence Act, 1947
 2. Making of the Indian Constitution
o Constituent Assembly & Drafting Committee
o Salient Features of the Constitution
3. Preamble & Its Importance
o Keywords: Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
o Amendment in Preamble (42nd Amendment)
4. Union & Its Territory
o Article 1-4, Reorganization of States (1956)
o Recent State Formation (Telangana, Jammu & Kashmir Reorganization)
B. Fundamental Rights & Duties
5. Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35)
o Right to Equality, Freedom, Protection from Exploitation
o Right to Life (Article 21) & Related SC Judgments
o Restrictions on Fundamental Rights
6. Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) (Articles 36-51)
o Classification: Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual
o Conflict Between Fundamental Rights & DPSP
7. Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
o Importance & Need for Awareness
C. Constitutional & Non-Constitutional Bodies
8. Indian Parliament & State Legislatures
o Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha (Powers, Composition, Procedures)
o Speaker, Parliamentary Committees, Anti-Defection Law
9. Executive (President, Governor, PM & CM)
o President’s Election, Powers, Veto Powers
o Prime Minister & Cabinet System of Governance
o Emergency Provisions (Articles 352-360)
10. Judiciary (Supreme Court, High Court, Subordinate Courts)
 Judicial Review & Activism
 PIL (Public Interest Litigation), Judicial Overreach
11. Constitutional Bodies
 Election Commission (Article 324)
 UPSC & State PSCs (Articles 315-323)
 Finance Commission (Article 280)
 CAG (Article 148) & Attorney General
12. Non-Constitutional Bodies
 NITI Aayog, NHRC, CIC, CVC, Lokpal & Lokayuktas
D. Federalism & Local Governance
13. Centre-State Relations (Articles 245-263)
 Legislative, Administrative, Financial Relations
 7th Schedule (Union, State, Concurrent Lists)
 Inter-State Disputes & Zonal Councils
14. Panchayati Raj & Municipalities (73rd & 74th Amendments)
 Structure & Powers of Local Governments
 Issues in Local Governance & Decentralization
E. Elections & Political Dynamics
15. Representation of People Act (1951 & 1950)
 Election Process & Electoral Reforms
 Model Code of Conduct & EVM Controversy
16. Political Parties & Pressure Groups
 National & Regional Political Parties
 Role of Pressure Groups & NGOs in Governance
F. Constitutional Amendments & Special Provisions
17. Important Amendments to the Constitution
 42nd (1976), 44th (1978), 73rd & 74th (1992), 101st (GST)
18. Fifth & Sixth Schedules
 Special Provisions for Scheduled Areas & Tribes
19. Special Provisions for Jammu & Kashmir (Article 370 & 35A)
 Impact of J&K Reorganization Act, 2019
G. Governance & Policy Making
20. Good Governance & E-Governance
 RTI Act (2005), Citizen Charters, Digital India
 Right to Services, Good Governance Index
21. Social Justice & Welfare Policies
 Schemes for SCs, STs, OBCs, Minorities, Women, Children
 Reservations in Education & Employment
22. Transparency & Accountability
 Lokpal & Lokayukta Act (2013)
 Whistleblower Protection, Citizen’s Grievance Mechanism
Strategy for Polity in UPSC
 ✔ For Prelims: Memorize articles, amendments, landmark judgments.

✔ For Mains: Focus on analytical & current affairs-based questions.

✔ For Answer Writing: Use articles, judgments, committees, and case studies.
A. Basic Economic Concepts (For Prelims & Mains)
1. Microeconomics & Macroeconomics
o Demand & Supply
o Elasticity of Demand
o National Income (GDP, GNP, NNP, NDP)
o Inflation (Types, Causes, Effects, and Control)
o Unemployment (Types & Causes)
2. Monetary Policy & Banking
o Functions of RBI (Repo Rate, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR)
o Money Supply & its Measures (M1, M2, M3, M4)
o Inflation Targeting & MPC (Monetary Policy Committee)
o Banking Structure in India (PSU, Private, RRBs, NBFCs)
o Digital Banking, UPI, and Fintech Growth
3. Fiscal Policy & Public Finance
o Union Budget (Structure, Deficit Types, FRBM Act)
o Taxation (Direct & Indirect Taxes, GST, Corporate Tax)
o Subsidies (Food, Fuel, Fertilizers)
o Public Debt & Fiscal Deficit
B. Indian Economy (For Prelims & Mains GS-3)
4. Economic Planning & Growth Models
o Five-Year Plans & NITI Aayog
o Poverty & Inequality (Multidimensional Poverty Index)
o Human Development Index (HDI, GII, GDI)
o Demographic Dividend & Population Growth
5. Agriculture & Allied Sectors
o MSP (Minimum Support Price) & APMC
o Green Revolution & Food Security (PDS, NFSA)
o Agrarian Crisis & Farm Reforms (PM-KISAN, E-NAM)
6. Industry & Infrastructure
o Make in India, Atmanirbhar Bharat
o MSME Sector & Startup India
o Logistics & Transportation (Sagarmala, Bharatmala)
7. External Sector & International Trade
o Balance of Payments (Current Account & Capital Account)
o Exchange Rates (Fixed, Floating, Managed Float)
o WTO, IMF, World Bank, AIIB, NDB (BRICS Bank)
 o FDI vs. FII & India’s Trade Agreements (RCEP, SAFTA)
C. Economic Development & Social Issues (GS-3 Mains)
8. Employment & Labour Reforms
o Informal Sector & Gig Economy
o Labour Codes & Minimum Wages
9. Poverty Alleviation & Welfare Schemes
o MGNREGA, PM-JAN DHAN YOJANA, PM-GARIB KALYAN YOJANA
o Social Security (EPFO, Pensions, Ayushman Bharat)
10. Sustainable Development & Climate Economy
 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)
 Carbon Trading, Green Economy, ESG Investing
 Circular Economy & Waste Management
2. Best Books & Resources for UPSC Economics
Economic Survey & Union Budget (For Current Affairs)
PIB, RBI Reports, NITI Aayog Reports (For Government Policies)
3. UPSC Answer Writing & Strategy
✔ For Prelims: Focus on factual knowledge, definitions, and trends.
✔ For Mains: Use data (Economic Survey, RBI reports) + diagrams & flowcharts.
✔ For Current Affairs: Follow Economic Survey, Budget, RBI Reports, PIB News.
A. General Science & Basics (For Prelims)
1. Physics & Chemistry Basics
o Laws of Motion, Thermodynamics
o Electricity & Magnetism (EM Waves, Semiconductor Tech)
o Nuclear Energy (Fission & Fusion)
2. Biology & Human Health
o Cell Structure, DNA, RNA, and Genetic Engineering
o Human Body Systems (Nervous, Digestive, Immune)
o Diseases (Communicable & Non-Communicable)
B. Space Technology
1. Indian Space Program
o ISRO Missions (Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Gaganyaan)
o PSLV, GSLV, SSLV & Satellite Technology
o IRNSS, NavIC, GSAT, RISAT Satellites
o Space Agencies: NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, CNSA
2. Emerging Space Technologies
o Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLVs)
o Space Tourism & Private Sector (SpaceX, Blue Origin)
o Astrobiology & Search for Extraterrestrial Life
C. Defence & Security Technology
1. Missile Systems & Nuclear Technology
o Agni, BrahMos, Prithvi, Akash Missiles
o DRDO, HAL, Bharat Dynamics Role
o Nuclear Doctrine of India & NPT, CTBT
2. Cyber Security & AI in Defense
o Cyber Warfare, Data Protection, Deepfake Threats
o Blockchain for Security, Quantum Cryptography
o Drone Technology & Anti-Drone Measures
D. Biotechnology & Health
1. Genetics & Genetic Engineering
o CRISPR, Gene Editing & GM Crops
o DNA Fingerprinting, Biopiracy, Biopatents
o Stem Cell Therapy & Cloning
2. Healthcare & Disease Control
o Vaccines (mRNA, DNA-based) & Public Health
o Ayushman Bharat, PMJAY, One Health Concept
o WHO, GAVI, ICMR, National Health Policies
E. Artificial Intelligence & Robotics
1. AI & Machine Learning
o Neural Networks, Deep Learning, AI Ethics
o AI in Governance, Judiciary & Smart Cities
o Automation & Job Market Disruptions
2. Robotics & Industry 4.0
o Humanoid Robots, Exoskeletons, IoT & Automation
o Smart Factories & Digital Twin Technology
F. Information & Communication Technology (ICT)
1. Quantum Computing & Supercomputers
o India’s Supercomputers (Param, Pratyush)
o Quantum Cryptography & Quantum Internet
2. 5G & Telecommunication Technology
o 5G vs 4G, Impact on Economy & Society
o BharatNet, Starlink, Optical Fiber Networks
G. Energy & Environment Technology
1. Renewable Energy & Green Technology
o Solar, Wind, Hydrogen Fuel, Biofuels
o International Solar Alliance (ISA), Green Hydrogen Mission
2. Nuclear Energy & Fusion Reactors
o Thorium-Based Reactors, Fast Breeder Reactors
o ITER Project, Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)
1. Nanomaterials & Applications
o Nanomedicine, Nanoelectronics, Carbon Nanotubes
o Graphene, Smart Materials, Shape Memory Alloys
2. Semiconductor Technology & India’s Role
o India’s Semiconductor Mission, Chip Manufacturing
o Silicon Valley vs India’s Chip Industry
Best Books & Resources for UPSC Science & Tech
NCERT Science (Class 6-10) for Basics
PIB, ISRO, DRDO, DST, NITI Aayog Reports
Strategy for Science & Technology in UPSC
✔ For Prelims: Focus on factual & conceptual clarity
✔ For Mains: Focus on current affairs & application-based questions
✔ For Answer Writing: Use diagrams, flowcharts, real-life examples
A. India’s Foreign Policy & Global Strategy
1. Evolution of India’s Foreign Policy
o Non-Alignment Movement (NAM) & Panchsheel

o Shift from Look East to Act East Policy

o Neighbourhood First, SAGAR, Global South Leadership

2. Strategic Partnerships & Trade Agreements

o India’s Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)

o RCEP, SAFTA, CEPA, CECA

3. India’s Role in Global Governance

o UNSC Reforms & India’s Permanent Seat Demand

o G20 Presidency, BRICS, SCO, QUAD, AUKUS

B. India’s Relations with Major Powers

4. India-US Relations
o Indo-US Defense Deals (BECA, LEMOA, COMCASA)

o QUAD, Indo-Paci ic Strategy & Trade Disputes

5. India-China Relations
o Border Disputes (LAC, Doklam, Galwan Clash)

o China’s String of Pearls vs India’s Act East

6. India-Russia Relations
o S-400 Deal, Rupee-Ruble Trade, BRICS, SCO

o Russia-Ukraine War Impact on India

7. India-EU & India-UK Relations

o India-EU FTA, Brexit Impact on India-UK Ties

o Climate Cooperation (Paris Agreement)

C. India & Neighbourhood (Neighbourhood First Policy)

8. India-Pakistan Relations
o Cross-Border Terrorism, Indus Water Treaty, Kartarpur Corridor

o Revocation of Article 370 & Its Impact on Ties

9. India-Bangladesh Relations
o Teesta River Dispute, Border Management, Trade & Connectivity

10. India-Sri Lanka Relations

 Tamil Issue, China’s Presence (Hambantota Port)

11. India-Nepal Relations

 Border Disputes (Kalapani Issue), Treaty of Peace & Friendship
 12. India-Afghanistan Relations
 Taliban Takeover, India’s Role in Afghanistan Reconstruction

D. Major Global Organizations & India’s Role

13. United Nations (UN) & India
 UNSC Reform Demands, India’s Role in UN Peacekeeping

 WHO, WTO, UNESCO, UNHRC, FAO

14. World Trade Organization (WTO) & Trade Issues

 Agriculture Subsidies, Dispute Resolution, India’s Stance

15. International Monetary Fund (IMF) & World Bank

 India’s Voting Power & Financial Assistance

16. Regional Groupings

 SAARC, BIMSTEC, ASEAN, QUAD, AUKUS, IORA

 SCO, BRICS, G7, G20

E. Global Con licts & Their Impact on India

17. Russia-Ukraine War & Its Economic Impact
 Energy Crisis, India’s Stance on Sanctions

18. Israel-Palestine Con lict & India's Policy

 India’s Balanced Approach & West Asia Diplomacy

19. China-Taiwan Con lict & South China Sea Disputes

 India’s Freedom of Navigation Stance

20. US-Iran Nuclear Deal & India’s Energy Security

 Chabahar Port, Oil Trade & CAATSA Sanctions

Geopolitical Developments
Middle East Peace Process Taliban & Afghanistan Crisis – India’s Strategic Interests,
Indo-Pacific Tensions & QUAD’s Growing Role
International Treaties & Agreements
India-EFTA (European Free Trade Association) FTA, Paris Agreement & India’s Net
Zero Target by 2070, WTO Agriculture Subsidy Disputes (MSP & Global Trade Rules)
Science & Technology in Global Relations
India’s Semiconductor Mission & Global Tech Partnerships, AI & Cybersecurity
Diplomacy – India’s Role, Global Renewable Energy Transition & India’s Solar
Diplomacy
A. Climate Change and Environment
 National Adaptation Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC): New policies and
strategies related to India’s climate adaptation and mitigation efforts.
 Renewable Energy Goals: India’s targets for solar, wind, and green hydrogen
development.
 National Action Plan on Clean Air (NCAP): Efforts and progress in reducing air
pollution in cities like Delhi, Mumbai, and Kolkata.
 Carbon Trading in India: Government initiatives on carbon markets and policies
for carbon reduction.
B. Biodiversity and Conservation
 Biodiversity Conservation Policies: Tiger Conservation Plans, initiatives for
elephant corridors, and updates on national parks.
 National Green Tribunal (NGT) Rulings: Key decisions related to conservation
and environmental protection.
C. Natural Disasters and Preparedness
 Cyclones and Flood Mitigation: Steps taken for disaster preparedness and early
warning systems in India.
 Disaster Management Policies: Role of the National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA) in improving resilience to natural disasters.
D. Wildlife Protection and Sustainability
 Wildlife Protection Act Revisions: Updates on wildlife preservation and new
legal frameworks.
 National Wildlife Action Plan: Strategies to protect endangered species and
enhance wildlife habitats.

A. India’s Struggle for Independence

 Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav: Ongoing celebrations marking the 75th anniversary
of independence and focus on unsung freedom fighters.
 Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Recognition of Bose’s role in India’s independence
movement, especially his leadership of the Indian National Army (INA).
B. Ancient, Medieval, and Modern History
 Archaeological Findings: Excavations related to the Indus Valley Civilization,
Vedic sites, and medieval Indian history.
 Colonial and Post-Colonial India: The impact of British rule on Indian socio-
political structures and post-independence transformations.

A. Constitutional and Electoral Reforms

 Electoral Reforms: Discussion on electoral bonds, Voter ID linkage, and electoral
transparency.
 Right to Information (RTI) Amendments: Changes in RTI laws to strengthen
transparency in governance.
 Election Commission Reforms: Proposed changes to improve election
processes and reduce malpractices.
B. Federalism and Center-State Relations
 Jammu & Kashmir: Developments in governance post-Article 370 abrogation,
including the reorganization of Jammu & Kashmir.
 State Autonomy Debates: Ongoing discussions regarding center-state power
dynamics, particularly in terms of fiscal and legislative authority.
C. Judiciary and Legal Reforms
 Judicial Reforms: E-Courts, judicial appointments, and digitalization of court
proceedings.
 Supreme Court Decisions: Landmark rulings on fundamental rights, privacy,
and discriminatory practices.
D. Anti-Corruption and Transparency
 Whistleblower Protection: Reforms and measures to protect individuals
reporting corruption.
 Corruption in Public Office: Key updates on cases, policy changes, and anti-
corruption laws.

A. Space Exploration and Technology

 Chandrayaan-3: India’s successful lunar mission and its significance.
 Aditya-L1 Mission: India’s first mission dedicated to studying the Sun.
  Gaganyaan Mission: India’s first crewed space mission scheduled for launch in
2025.
B. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Privacy
 AI Regulation: Development of India’s AI policy, focusing on ethics and
technology governance.
 Data Protection Laws: Updates on the Personal Data Protection Bill (PDPB) and
its implications for cybersecurity and privacy.
C. Quantum Computing
 National Quantum Mission: India’s push to lead in quantum computing
research and development.
 Semiconductor Manufacturing: Initiatives to reduce India’s dependency on
imported semiconductors and promote indigenous production.
D. Cybersecurity
 Cybersecurity Initiatives: The Cybersecurity Policy and government efforts to
improve digital infrastructure and security.

A. Union Budget 2024-25

 Key Highlights: Focus on green growth, digital economy, public health, and
education reforms.
 Tax Reforms: Simplification of the tax system and introduction of new taxes or
incentives for specific sectors like green energy and digital infrastructure.
B. Economic Survey 2024
 Key Themes: Economic growth strategies, inclusive growth, fiscal consolidation,
and sectoral reforms (e.g., agriculture, manufacturing).
C. Financial Inclusion and Digital Economy
 UPI Expansion: Continued growth and development of Unified Payments
Interface (UPI) and digital banking services.
 Jan Dhan Yojana: Updates on financial inclusion and the expansion of banking
services to unbanked populations.
D. Green Economy
 Green Bonds: Government focus on financing clean energy projects through
green bonds.
 Sustainable Infrastructure: Investments in sustainable infrastructure,
renewable energy, and eco-friendly public transportation.
E. Trade and Commerce
 India’s Trade Relations: Key developments in India’s trade agreements with
ASEAN, Australia, and EU.
 India’s G-20 Presidency: India’s role in shaping global economic policies as the
G-20 president.

A. India-US Relations
 Defense and Technology Cooperation: Key defense agreements and joint
exercises between India and the US.
 Climate Change and Energy: Cooperation on clean energy, green technology,
and climate resilience.
B. India-China Relations
 Border Tensions: Updates on India-China border issues in Ladakh and
diplomatic engagements.
 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): India’s stance on China’s BRI and increasing
tensions around Indo-Pacific strategy.
C. India-ASEAN Relations
 Trade and Regional Security: India’s role in strengthening ties with ASEAN in
terms of economic cooperation and maritime security.
 Indo-Pacific Strategy: India’s stance on the growing influence of China in the
region.
D. India and Russia
 Defense Cooperation: Bilateral defense agreements, especially concerning S-
400 missile systems and military technology.
 BRICS and SCO Engagement: India’s participation and leadership in BRICS
(Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa) and the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO).
E. India and the United Nations (UN)
 Security Council Reform: India’s ongoing push for a permanent seat in the UN
Security Council and its participation in peacekeeping missions.
 India’s Stand on Global Security: India’s role in peacekeeping and multilateral
diplomacy.
A. Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality
 Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme: Policies and programs to promote the
education, health, and economic empowerment of women.
 Sexual Harassment Laws: Reforms and changes in laws related to sexual
harassment at the workplace and gender-based violence.

B. Education and Skill Development

 National Education Policy (NEP): Updates on the implementation of NEP,
including skill development, vocational education, and digital learning.
 PMKVY (Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana): Efforts to boost skill
development among youth and women.
C. Mental Health Awareness
 National Mental Health Policy: Ongoing efforts to improve mental healthcare
access across India, with a focus on de-stigmatization and community-based
care.
 Telemedicine for Mental Health: Expanding access to mental health services
through digital platforms.
D. Healthcare Reforms
 Ayushman Bharat: Updates on the progress of the health insurance scheme,
including its impact on low-income groups.
 COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution and Healthcare Infrastructure: Post-pandemic
healthcare challenges, vaccine coverage, and healthcare system strengthening.
E. Poverty Alleviation and Employment
 MGNREGA: Updates on the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act and its role in providing rural employment.
 Start-Up India Scheme: Government initiatives to promote entrepreneurship
and job creation through start-ups.
F. Social Justice and Rights
 Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe Rights: Legal and social issues related to
reservation and the protection of rights for marginalized communities.
 Disability Rights: Reforms and initiatives to ensure equality and accessibility for
differently-abled individuals.