Islamic Republic of Afghanistan

Ministry of Higher Education

Herat University
Computer Science Faculty
Communication and Operating System

Lecture title: Introduction to virtualization system

Lecture number: 01
Virtualization System and Teacher:Mohammad Arif Qarizada
Technology

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 Introduction to virtualization

Virtualization is a technique to divide the computer resources logically. Although

an old technology, it’s still a popular technique and highly relevant in this era of
cloud computing.

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 What is virtualization?

❖ virtualization means to create a virtual version of a real device or resource.

❖ partitioning a hard drive is considered virtualization.
❖Creating a virtual version of an existing operating system.

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 What is virtualization?

Virtualization helps us to create software-based or virtual versions of a computer resource.

These computer resources can include computing devices, storage, networks, servers, or even
applications.
It allows organizations to partition a single physical computer or server into several virtual
machines (VM). Each VM can then interact independently and run different operating systems or
applications while sharing the resources of a single computer.

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 History

Mainframe computer is the origin of virtualization (1960s).

-IBM 360/67
Virtual machines in Personal Computers (PC)- 1985.
-Intel’s 386 (microprocessor)

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 How does Virtualization Work?

Hypervisor software facilitates virtualization. A hypervisor sits on top of an operating system but
we can also have hypervisors that are installed directly onto the hardware. Hypervisors take
physical resources and divide them up so that virtual environments can use them.
When a user or program issues an instruction to the VM that requires additional resources from
the physical environment, the hypervisor relays the request to the physical system and caches the
changes.

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 How does Virtualization Work?

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 *How does Virtualization Work?

A virtual machine created by a hypervisor functions as a single data file, and we can move it from
one computer to another, open it there, and it works the same as on any other machine. Thus, it
provides a lot of flexibility and portability.

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 Type of hypervisors

Hypervisors are available in two categories:

• Hypervisors (Bare Metal)
• Hypervisors (Hosted)

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 Type 1 Hypervisors or Bare Metal
A Type 1 hypervisor is installed directly on top of the physical machine. Type 1 hypervisors are
also known as bare-metal hypervisors due to the nature of their installation type.
These categories of hypervisors are more popular and secure than the Type 2 hypervisors.
Type 1 hypervisors have a lower amount of latency and are the most used in the market. Some
examples of these hypervisors are VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, or open-source Kernel-
based VMs (KVMs).

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 Hypervisors – Hosted

On the other hand, for Type 2 hypervisors, there is a layer of host OS that sits between the
physical server and the hypervisor. For this reason, we call these hypervisors “hosted
hypervisors”.
They are less common and mostly used for end-user virtualization.
They are known to have more latency compared to Type 1 due to their hosted nature. Type 2
hypervisors include Oracle VirtualBox or VMware Workstation.

• Oracle VirtualBox
• Vmware Workstation

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 Virtualization

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 Types of Virtualization

❖ Hardware virtualization (platform virtualization)

❖ Desktop virtualization (advanced HWV)
❖ Storage virtualization
❖ Server virtualization
❖ Operating system-level virtualization
❖ Network virtualization
❖ Application virtualization

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 Types of Virtualization

❖ Hardware virtualization (platform virtualization)

❖ Desktop virtualization (advanced HWV)
❖ Storage virtualization
❖ Server virtualization
❖ Operating system-level virtualization
❖ Network virtualization
❖ Application virtualization

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 Hardware Virtualization

creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system.
Hypervisors or virtual machine monitors
Example: a computer with Microsoft Windows having a virtual machine with Ubuntu.
-Host machine
-Guest machine

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 Hardware Virtualization

Full virtualization: a complete simulation of the actual hardware.

• VirualBox

Paravirtualization: an isolated domain for the guest apps.

▪ XEN, KVM

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 Data Virtualization

With data virtualization, the virtualization software sits in front of multiple data sources and
allows them to be treated as a single data source. This facilitates delivering the required data in a
specific format.

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 Data Virtualization

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 Desktop Virtualization

Desktop virtualization lets us deploy simulated desktop environments to many

physical machines at once.

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 Desktop Virtualization

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 Server Virtualization

Servers are computers designed to process a high volume of specific tasks so that
other computers such as laptops and desktops can do a variety of different jobs.
Virtualizing a server lets it do more of those particular functions and involves
partitioning it so that the components can serve multiple purposes.

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 Server Virtualization

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 OS Virtualization

Operating system virtualization happens at the OS kernel, and it’s a useful way to
run multiple operating systems side-by-side. It reduces hardware costs, increases
security, and limits software maintenance (update/patching) costs.

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 Network Functions Virtualization

Network functions virtualization separates the network functions such as IP

configuration, file sharing, and directory services. Virtualizing networks helps to
reduce the number of physical components such as switches, routers, servers,
cables, and hubs.

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 Benefits of Virtualization
Cost Savings:
The ability to run multiple virtual machines in one piece of physical infrastructure
drastically reduces the footprint and the associated cost. Moreover, as this
consolidation is done at the core, we don’t need to maintain as many servers. We
also have a reduction in electricity consumption and the overall maintenance cost.

Agility and Speed

Spinning up a virtual machine is a straightforward and quick approach. It’s a lot
simpler than provisioning entirely new infrastructure.
For instance, if we need a development/test region for a team, it’s much faster to
provision a new VM for the system administrators. Besides, with an automated
process in place, this task is swift and similar to other routine tasks.
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 Benefits of Virtualization
Centralizing administrative tasks.
Improving scalability and overall hardware-resource utilization.
Cost reduction.
Efficiently managing updates and change in operating system and applications.
Improving the efficiency and availability of resources and applications in an
organization

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