If a company has an IT investment prioritization process, the company is more likely to achieve IT-

Business alignment?
a. True
b. False

If there is a failure of IT governance, it is likely that:

a. The board needs new directors with superior IT competence
b. The CIO/CTO may be replaced
c. Both a and b

The alignment between IT and business is a key IT management issue?

a. True
b. False

What is(are) key IT Governance decision(s)?

a. What are the key IT goals for the organization?
b. Which business processes should be standardized across the organization?
c. What IT infrastructure services should be centralized across the organization?
d. How much should the organization invest in IT?
e. All of the above.

The CIO most commonly reports to the_____________________.

a. CEO
b. CFO

Business/IT Relationship Managers are used to?

a. Make IT architecture decisions
b. Define business process requirements
c. Make IT investment decisions
d. All of the above

In the coordination operating model, firms standardize their business processes?

a. True
b. False

A key feature of the application silo stage of the enterprise IT architecture is:
a. Standardized infrastructure across the organization
b. IT applications to meet specific users' needs
c. Standardized business processes across the organization
d. Experiments to meet local needs.

The standardized technology stage of the enterprise IT architecture would be appropriate for a firm in
the coordination operating model?
a. True
b. False
A key governance mechanism in the business silo stage of enterprise IT architecture is:
a. Business case
b. IT standards committee
c. Enterprise-wide process owners

The cost of implementing an ERP system is about 1% of annual revenue. This is what type of estimate?
a. Order of Magnitude
b. Budget Estimate
c. Definitive

Which of the following costs is an example of operation and maintenance cost?

a. Cost of developing the bid specification
b. Cost of running the air conditioning system
c. Cost of transferring the data to another system once the old system is sunset
d. All of the above

The use case point method is used to estimate the___________cost of a system?

a. Hardware
b. Software
c. Total cost of ownership

The use case point method of estimating the cost of software considers?
a. Unadjusted actor weight
b. Unadjusted use case weight
c. Technical complexity factor
d. Environmental complexity factor
e. All of the above

In calculating the technical complexity factor, if a factor (e.g., ease of use) has higher assigned value then
that factor increases the technical complexity factor:
a. True
b. False

IT systems often create operational benefits. Operational benefits are

generally______________________
.
a. Tangible
b. Intangible

Can the IS department develop the system that users' want? This is____________________ type of risk.
a. Development
b. Organizational
c. Market
Can the organization make the changes required to implement a new system? This is an example
of____________________risk.
a. Development
b. Organizational
c. Market

An IT project can be divided into segments, and a segment can be implemented based on the
outcome of implementation of prior segment(s). This is an example
of_________________________?
a. Deferral
b. Staging
c. Growth option

If managerial flexibility is high and the project faces significant uncertainty about costs and benefits, then
the real options approach to IT investment is the appropriate approach to eveluate the investment.
a. True
b. False

IT porfolio management is concerned with evaluating individual IT investment opportunities.

a. True
b. False

Transactional systems are about?

a. Proving aggregated information for decision making.
b. Performing core business processes of the firm cost effectively.
c. Providing customers with a differentiated service.
d. All of the above.

Information systems are about?

a. Proving aggregated information for decision making.
b. Performing core business processes of the firm cost effectively.
c. Providing customers with a differentiated service.
d. All of the above.

Investments in strategic systems are like R&D investments.

a. True
b. False

A cost focused firm spends more on________________compared to the average firm.

a. Firm wide infrastructure
b. Transactional systems
c. Informational systems
d. Strategic systems
IT Portfolio management means that the IT investment portfolio of a fiem must be continously evolving
with time.
a. True
b. False

In the cost center approach to IT chargeback, IT units offer services for a price and user
organizations choose consumption levels.
a. True
b. False

The main advantage of the cost center approach to IT chargeback is________________.

a. The simplicity of the approach.
b. The incentives for users to consume IT services prudently.
c. The incentives for the IT unit to be as efficient as possible.
d. All of the above

The main advantage of the profit center approach to IT chargeback is________________.

a. The incentives for users to consume IT services prudently.
b. The incentives for the IT unit to be as efficient as possible.
c. Both of the above

Prior research suggests that is the user organizations are presented with an IT service that has a proce
associated with it, it reduces the demand for the IT service.
a. True
b. False

If users fear losing their status in the organization due to the implementation of a new information
system, they are likely to resist the implementation of the system.
a. True
b. False

From the status quo bias perspective, if a new systems is very easy to learn and use, it will face less
resistance to adoption.
a. True
b. False

In the demand driven model of user adoption, is users believe that the new system is likely to lead to
improvement in their individual performance, they are more likely to adopt the new system?
a. True
b. False

User training is more important for low complexity information systems than for high complexity
information systems.
a. True
b. False

Top management support is important in increasing user adoption as top management support provides
legitimacy to a new system.
a. True
b. False

A(n)______________________approach to implementing a new information system is

appropriate for implrmenting a system that improves processes for performing specific activities
but is consistent with the current values, norms, skills, structures and incentive systems.
a. Evolutionary
b. Revolutionary

Broad communication and user involment are a significant feature of

________________________approach to change management.
a. Evolutionary
b. Revolutionary

Change management in the evolutionary approach to implementing a new system is a recursive adaptive
process.
a. True
b. False

The key difference between the project management and the learning approach to change management
is that in the project management approach the organization thinks of implementing a nnew system as a
one-time effort.
a. True
b. False

In the learning approach to implementing a new system, users learn to use the new systems
from ____________?
a. Training Programs
b. Actual Use

What is the mechanism through which IT governance affects firm performance?

a. IT governances impacts IT-Business Alignment, and IT-Business Alignment impacts Firm
Performance.
b. IT-Business Alignment influences IT Governance, and IT Governance influences Firm
Performance.
c. IT-Business Alignment influences Firm Performance, and Firm Performance influences IT
Governance.
If a company has a well functioning IT steering committee, the company is more likely to achieve IT-
Business alignment?
a. True
b. False

IT governance leads to?

a. IT and business alignment about the new products to introduce.
b. IT and business alignment about how business processes should work.
c. IT and business alignment about which new markets to enter.
d. All of the above.

IT governance includes choices about?

a. What key IT decisions need to be made.
b. Who makes these decisions?
c. How these decisions are made?
d. All of the above.

If a company is primarily interested in IT-enabled innovation and differentiation, the

_________ is the most appropriate decision making structure.
a. Business Monarchy
b. IT Monarchy
c. Feudal
d. All of the above.

An IT investment approval process is used to describe:

a. The business and IT alignment of a new project.
b. The financial cost-benefit analysis for a new project.
c. The risk associated with a new project.
d. All of the above.

What is a key managerial IT governance decision?

a. IT Infrastructure strategy
b. IT Architecture
c. IT Principle

If a company competes on the basis of differentiation, then the CIO should ideally report
to the ____________.
a. CEO
b. CFO
c. COO
d. None of the above.

The IT steering committee is a key IT governance decision making structure. The primary role of this
decision making structure is to:
a. Define IT architecture standards.
b. Define IT principles.
c. Specify the Service Level Agreements for the IT organization.
d. All of the above.

In the replication operating model, firms share data across different business units?
a.True
b.False

The rationalized data/optimized core stage of the enterprise IT architecture would be appropriate for a
firm operating with the replication model?
a.True
b.False

A distinctive feature of the rationalized data/optimized core stage of the enterprise IT

architecture is:
a. Standardized infrastructure across the organization.
b. IT applications to meet specific users' needs.
c. Standardized business processes across the organization.
d. Experiments to meet local needs.

A distinctive governance mechanism in the rationalized data /optimized core stage of enterprise IT
architecture is:
a. Business case.
b. IT standards committee.
c. Enterprise-wide process owners.

In which operating model do firms standardize business processes and share data across business units?
a. Diversification.
b. Unification.
c. Coordination.
d. Replication.

The evolution of enterprise IT architecture follows this sequence.

a. Application Silo, Standardized Technology, Rationalized Data/Optimized Core, Modular
Architecture.
b. Application Silo, Rationalized Data/Optimized Core, Standardized Technology, Modular
Architecture.
c. Application Silo, Standardized Technology, Modular Architecture, Rationalized Data/Optimized
Core.
d. Application Silo, Modular Architecture, Standardized Technology, Rationalized Data/Optimized
Core.
A distinctive feature of the modularity stage of the enterprise IT architecture is:
a. Standardized infrastructure across the organization.
b. IT applications to meet specific users' needs.
c. Standardized business processes across the organization.
d. Experiments to meet local needs.

The key strategic implication of the rationalized data / optimized core stage of enterprise
IT architecture is?
a. Local optimization.
b. Operational efficiency.
c. Speed to market.
d. All of the above

This type of estimate requires understanding of the work packages (units of work) that have to be
executed to complete the project.
a. Order of Magnitude Estimate.
b. Budget Estimate.
c. Definitive.

In calculating the environmental complexity factor, if a factor (e.g., stability of requirements) has
higher assigned value then that factor increases the environmental complexity factor:
a. True
b. False

IT systems often create strategic benefits. Strategic benefits are generally ________.
a. Tangible.
b. Intangible.

In the use case method a complex actor has higher impact on the final use case point compared to a less
complex use case.
a.True
b.False

In the use case point method of software cost estimation, a higher/larger number for the productivity
factor means the developer takes more time to code one use case point, thus the developer is less
productive:
a.True
b.False

IT systems often create intangible benefits. These intangible benefits are reflected in the __________ of
the firm?
a. Balance sheet.
b. Market value.
An IT system is implemented, even when it has a negative NPV, because the system allows other follow
on projects. This is an example of _________ ?
a. Deferral.
b. Staging.
c. Growth option.

Process improvement projects are appropriately evaluated using __________ .

a. NPV based business case.
b. Real Options analysis.

Large system implementations often require cooperation customers and/or supplier? This is an example
of _______________ risk.
a. Development.
b. Organizational.
c. Market.

An IT system is being implemented as it has a positive NPV. However, during system

development, regulations change and the project no longer has a positive NPV. The real options
approach would suggest _________ ?
a. Continue with the project, as project termination may hurt the morale of the project team.
b. Terminate the project and reallocate resources to a more profitable project.

Transformation projects are appropriately evaluated using __________ .

a. NPV based business case.
b. Real Options analysis.

Project Management is about doing the right projects, whereas Portfolio Management is about doing
projects right.
a. True
b. False

An innovation focused firm spends more on __________ compared to the average firm.
a. Firm wide infrastructure
b. Transactional systems
c. Informational systems
d. Strategic systems

Information Technology Portfolio Management is more important for firms that:

a. Execute one large project every year.
b. Execute multiple projects in a given year.

Strategic systems are about?

a. Providing aggregated information for decision making.
b. Performing core business processes of the firm cost effectively.
c. Providing competitive advantage or reducing competitive disadvantage.
d. All of the above.

Which element of the IT investment portfolio is about the long-term strategy of the firm?
a. Firm wide infrastructure
b. Transactional systems
c. Informational systems
d. Strategic systems

In the service center approach to IT chargeback, IT units offer services for a price where the
price is set to recover the IT unit's costs of providing the service.
a. True
b. False

The main advantage of the service center approach to IT chargeback is __________.

a. The simplicity of the approach.
b. The incentives for users to consume IT services prudently.
c. The incentives for the IT unit to be as efficient as possible.
d. All of the above.

If the IT and the user organizations understand IT costs because of the IT chargeback system in
place, then the IT chargeback system is likely to lead to better IT decisions.
a. True
b. False

In the profit center approach to IT chargeback, IT units offer services for a price where the price
is set based on the market price for the same service.
a. True
b. False

If the IT chargeback system suggests that the IT organization has been continuously reducing
the price for an IT service and the price charged compares favorably with the market price for
the service, then the IT chargeback system is likely to lead to a higher reputation for
competence for the IT organization.
a. True
b. False

If users believe that leaning to use the new information system is going to cost significant time and effort
on their part, it is rational on their part to resist the implementation of the new system.
a. True
b. False

In the demand driven model of user adoption, if a user believes that many other users are adopting the
new system, they are less likely to themselves adopt the new system.
a. True
b. False

Top management support is more important in information systems implementations when task
interdependence is low than when task interdependence is high.
a. True
b. False

If users have invested significant time and effort to learn and master using the current system, they are
more likely to resist the implementation of a new system:
a. True
b. False

In the supply driven model of user adoption, institutions that remove knowledge barriers reduce
the adoption of new systems.
a. True
b. False

Users find it easier to learn from and solve problems with the help of peers and coworkers than with
help form external consultants and the internal help desk.
a. True
b. False

The evolutionary approach uses ______ to implement a new system.

a. Firm milestone
b. Flexible milestones

The role of management in the learning approach to implementing a new system emphasizes:
a. Providing clear purpose, scope, and resources to implement the new system.
b. Creating an environment where new capabilities are developed and knowledge is shared.

In the learning approach to implementing a new system, users are more likely to learn to use the new
system from ____________________.
a. External consultants and power users.
b. Self discovery and from peers.

The use of outsiders and new management team is more appropriate for the implementation of
___________.
a. Evolutionary change.
b. Revolutionary change.

In what deliverable does a PM identify phases & deliverables, create WBS, estimate tasks, create
dependencies, and assign people to tasks?
a. Work Plan
b. Triple Constraint
c. Critical Path

Which of the following diagrams can be used to document a business process?

a. Swim-lane diagram
b. Flow charts
c. All of the above

What diagram includes a system, external entities, processes, boundaries, inputs, and outputs?
a. Swim-lane diagram
b. Context diagram

What are the four phases of SDLC methodology in order?

a. Analyze, Plan, Design, Implement
b. Plan, Analyze, Design, Implement
c. Plan ,Design, Analyze, Implement

What differentiates RAD from Waterfall?

a. Prototyping
b. Iteration

What differentiates Agile from Waterfall?

a. Iteratively delivers features via sprints
b. Clearly defined phases with deliverables

In what phase(s) of SDLC does an ideal Business Analyst contribute?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement
e. All of the above

In what phase(s) is a System Request document introduced?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement
e. All of the abovebute

What does a feasibility analysis focus on?

a. Time
b. Money
c. Quality
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

In what phase of SDLC methodology does Organizational Readiness occur?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement
e. All of the above

What phase of the SDLC results in a System Proposal?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement

Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality of a good requirement?

a. Necessary
b. Consistent
c. Multiple

Which of the following is a good sample syntax for writing a good requirement.
a. [Condition] [Subject] [Action] [Object] [Constraint]
b. [Subject] [Condition] [Action] [Object] [Constraint]

Which of the following is a good sample syntax for writing a good requirement.
a. [Subject] [Action] [Subject] [Value]
b. [Condition] [Action or Constraint] [Value]

Functional requirements are usually discussed with subject-matter experts.

a. True
b. False

Non-functional requirements are usually discussed with developers.

a. True
b. False

Which traceability method identifies the gold-plating example given at the beginning of the module
video?
a. Forward Traceability
b. Backward Traceability

In what phase of SDLC methodology do we write use cases?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement

In a use case, what level of detail has exhaustive, numbered steps with data flows?
a. Fully-dressed
b. Casual
c. Briefs

What are the two major types of relationships among use cases?
a. <<extend>> <<include>>
b. <<exclude>> <<include>>

When balancing DFDs and ERDs, what will data stores & some external entities become in an ERD?
a. Entities
b. Attributes

When balancing DFDs and ERDs, what will data flows become in an ERD?
a. Entities
b. Attributes

What are the elements of a DFD?

a. Process, data flow, data store, external entity
b. Actor, boundary, data

What differentiates a context diagram from a process flow diagram?

a. Context diagram depicts data flows, sequences of events are not depicted. Process flow
depicts the process. Non-data elements are included. Sequence matters.
b. Process flow diagram depicts data flows, sequences of events are not depicted. Context
diagram depicts the process. Non-data elements are included. Sequence matters.

What DFD type focuses on the business and business activities?

a. Physical DFD
b. Logical DFD

How can a DFD be decomposed into a primitive?

a. Through structured english, decision tree, or decision table
b. Through structured english, decision tree, or context table

Business Process Model and Notation includes which of the following components?
a. A start event, sequence flow, task, gateway "decision", and end event
b. A boundary, external entities, inputs, and outputs

What refers to the maximum number of times an instance in one entity can be associated with instances
in the related entity?
a. Modularity
b. Cardinality

What type of entity instances store attributes that are common to one or more entity subtypes?
a. Supertype
b. Subtype

What type of entity instances may inherit common attributes from its entity supertype?
a. Supertype
b.Subtype

In Object-Oriented Programming, an object is kind of person, place, event, or thing about which
we want to capture.
a. True
b. False

An application for a fast food chain models each user with a class. Any user can apply a 5% off
coupon code when ordering a meal above $10 (represented by a class labelled User), however
users that pay a monthly fee can also apply a 10% off coupon code when ordering any menu
item from the store and are represented by a subclass of User labeled specialUser. Is this an
example of inheritance?
a. Yes
b. No

Which of the following is false?

a. It is usually much easier to restructure a UML diagram than restructure code.
b. In a sequence diagram, the program is represented visually by an 'actor' that sends
'messages' to the objects throughout the time of the interaction.
c. In a state machine diagram, various states of an object in a program are represented
by arrows throughout the diagram.

Which of the following is true about acquisition strategies?

a. If a firm does not fully understand how to develop or implement a software system, it is often
more effective to outsource that system to a vendor.
b. In the long run, it is usually more cost-effective to develop new software in-house.
c. One of the drawbacks to outsourcing software development is that it is harder to control the
quality of the design and ensure that it meets the necessary requirements.
Which is the best way to describe an Alternative Matrix?
a. Since it considers every technical criteria for a system with a corresponding weight, the
resulting scores of an Alternative Matrix for a given system determine which alternative is
objectively the best decision for the firm to make as it is comprehensive of every factor going
into that system's development.
b. The scores of an Alternative Matrix should only be considered as a factor in the decision-
making process for a firm, and should be weighed against other external criteria by an
experienced leader responsible for the system's development.

Online retailers frequently implement systems that recommend other products to customers
based on their previous purchase history, what time of year they made the purchase, what other
customers frequently bought in addition to the customers purchase, and other data relating to
the purchase. This is an example of:
a. Business Intelligence Architecture
b. Operational Architecture

The best implementation might be a human implementation of a physical process.

a. True
b. False

Which of the following is the definition of "scope creep"?

a. When ERP management locks a firm into one ecosystem, resulting in all data being managed
under the same vendor.
b. When additional features are requested during the implementation phase of a project, thus
increasing the cost and time required to complete said project.

The Business Analyst is involved with preparing the technology during the migration plan.
a. True
b. False

The Maintenance phase in the SDLC described in this course is the longest and costliest phase.
a. True
b. False

What are some of the roles of the Project Manager during ERP implementation?
a. Assess the risks of the implementation in terms of cost and duration
b. Secure resources for the implementation team
c. Purchase and select the right ERP system
d. A and B only

All Fortune 1000 companies use some form of ERP systems.

a. True
b. False
Business processes are activities that businesses do in their daily operations.
a. True
b. False

What are some difficulties faced when executing business processes?

a. A big company should not face any difficulties in their business process, only small
companies face such issues
b. Information does not flow between business units, leading to bad decisions being made
c. There are multiple business units, which makes coordination of effort difficult
d. B and C only

Why do silo effect arise?

a. Workers become highly specialized in their work area, and do not know about the capabilities
and objectives of other departments
b. Workers in each department have different incentives schemes and do not optimize their
efforts towards the overall good of the company
c. Workers are not paid enough for their work
d. A and B only

What are the two definitions of Enterprise System mentioned in the class?
a. ERP is an expensive systems used by large companies
b. ERP is a system that supports end-to-end business processes
c. ERP is a technology strategy in which operational business transactions are linked to
financial transactions
d. A and B only
e. B and C only

'R' in SAP R/3 stands for 'real-time'.

a. True
b. False

What are the three layers in SAP R/3?

a. Database, Security, Presentation
b. Database, Application, Network
c. Database, Application, Presentation
d. Database, Security, Network

Data created in SAP can be deleted easily.

a. True
b. False

Users can access SAP via the following devices:

a. PC desktops
b. Mobile phones
c. Tablet computers
d. All of above
Which of the following are organizational data?
a. Storage location
b. Client
c. Sales Organization
d. All of the above

Fields of master data change frequently.

a. True
b. False

Fields of master data can be different across organizational units (e.g., plants).
a. True
b. False

Within SAP, how many main types of data are there?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

A unique sale area is made up by a combination of

a. Sales organization, distribution channel, Division
b. Sale organization, Material Master, Customer Master
c. Company, distribution channel, Sales organization
d. Company, distribution channel, Division

Why would companies want to have different sales areas in SAP?

a. This is to allow companies to account for different product considerations when serving their
customers
b. This is to allow companies to account for the regional differences when serving their
customers
c. This is to allow companies to account for different characteristics of distribution channels
when serving their customers
d. All of above

What are instances of master data seen in the class?

a. Company
b. Customer
c. Factory
d. All of the above
Purchase order is an example of a master data.
a. True
b. False

The good issue step is performed to indicate that a focal company has fulfilled their part of the
transaction by shipping goods to the customer.
a. True
b. False

What are possible scenarios in which delivery and billing documents are combined?
a. Two separate deliveries to the same customer made on different days are consolidated into
one billing document
b. Two separate deliveries to different customers made on different days are consolidated into
one billing document
c. A delivery to a customer is being split into two billing documents to be paid by different
departments of the customer company
d. A and C only

The SAP All-in-One ERP solution is good for large enterprises.

a. True
b. False

What is true of the SAP By-Design ERP?

a. It is meant for small-mid size enterprises
b. It is meant for large size enterprises
c. It is provided as a software-as-a-service (cloud ERP)
d. A and C only

Which of the following are offerings provided by Oracle?

a. Sage ERP
b. JD Edwards
c. Peoplesoft ERP
d. B and C only

According to the Clash of Titan report presented in the video, which ERP vendor has the market share?
a. Oracle
b. Infor
c. Microsoft Dynamics
d. SAP

Completion of vision in the magic quadrant refers to whether a ERP vendor/provider has a good
understanding of the industry to provide ERP features that meets their future needs.
a. True
b. False

If my company has many specialized and sophisticated business processes, and is operating in a business
environment causes rapid changes to business needs, what type of ERP should I shortlist based on the
magic quadrant?
a. Leaders
b. Challengers
c. Visionaries
d. Niche Players

If I run a simple business that does not have complicated business processes and is not
subjected to rapid changes in the business environment, I should shortlist ERPs from the
_________ quadrant.
a. Leaders
b. Challengers
c. Visionaries
d. Niche Players

If a company buys all its ERP module from a single vendor, it is said to be pursuing a
a. Best of Suite Strategy
b. Best of Breed Strategy
c. All of the above

What are the advantages of using a Best of Suite Strategy?

a. Less risks in term of system integration as the modules are from the same vendor
b. Less costly implementation cost as there is less integration complexity
c. It provides the best features across all ERP offerings
d. A and B only

What are the advantages of using a Best of Suite Strategy?

a. Less risks in term of system integration as the modules are from the same vendor
b. Less costly implementation cost as there is less integration complexity
c. It provides the best features across all ERP offerings
d. A and B only

In the opening case of Target's ERP implementation, what were the bad managerial decisions
made that led to a failed outcome?
a. Top management decided to pursue an aggressive and tight implementation timeline.
b. When populating the ERP system, mid-managers utilized the benchmark figures from the US
operations to forecast the sales demand in Canada
c. Appropriate checks and balances are not in place, leading store managers to turn off auto-
replenishment feature in the system.
d. All of above
Change Management is:
a. People side of technology project
b. A systematic approach to dealing with change
c. Only appropriate for ERP-related projects
d. A and B only

When assessing the possible areas of changes during an ERP implementation, it is important to consider
elements of
a. People
b. Process
c. Technology
d. All of above

Constant communication of project benefits to the users and a clear illustration of milestones are useful
change management techniques for keeping motivation levels high during ERP implementation.
a. True
b.False

Workers do not need time to adjust to newly implemented ERP if they are well-trained to use the new
system prior to its launch.
a. True
b. False

What are indicators of ERP implementation success?

a. On time implementation
b. On budget implementation
c. On scope implementation
d. All of above.
A small company with small amount of capital that has finished implementing a small scale ERP
system. The consulting team concludes that there are little risk of of go-live problems as the
system does not involve complex interdependencies due to its small scale. What might be a
good approach in the rollout of this system?
a. Big Bang
b. Phased Approach

A large company with operations in multiple countries has just finished upgrading its legacy
system to an Oracle ERP system. The consultant team believes that the risk of go-live problems
can be subtantial, given that there are multiple interdependencies across business units. What
might be a good approach in the roll out of this system?
a. Big Bang
b. Phased Approach
A retail company has zero experience with ERP implementation. They have hired an external
consultant to help them with the implementation of SAP. The retail company is very amendable
to the recommendations provided by their consultants. What role should the consultants take
on, in general?
a. Foot soldiers
b. Commanders
c. Diplomats

A client company wanted to implement a large scale ERP system. The project scope appears to
be highly uncertain and the client does not seem to know what features are to be included in the
final deliverable. What would be a good pricing model to use here when charging the client?
a. Fixed Price
b. Time and Material

Businesses can use virtualization technology to:

a. Improve efficiency
b. Lower cost
c. Provide faster maintenance
d. All of the above

Why does the opex model (such as pay-as-you-go) work for the cloud providers?
a. It allows them to generate a steady source of revenue over time from their clients
b. It allows them to offer freemium model to potential clients who can try out the service without
significant commitment
c. It allows them to offer any available resources on-demand and charge based on usage
d. All of the above

Which of the following is used to distribute incoming requests among various servers that form a
computer cluster?
a. Hypervisor
b. Load balancer
c. Database
d. None of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true for web applications?

a. Software runs on the web app provider's server
b. They can be accesses using a client's web browser
c. Even if client machines can fail, the data and applications can be still accessed from another
client device
d. Requires virtualization of the client's machine

Which of the following is an example of a hypervisor?

a. VMware ESXi
b. Citrix Xenserver
c. Microsoft Hyper-V
d. All of the above

Which is the core technology behind "cloud computing"?

a. HTTP
b. Virtualization
c. Thin clients
d. Remote Desktop

Google's cloud platform offering is a:

a. Public cloud
b. Private cloud
c. Hybrid cloud
d. None of the above

Which kind of infrastructure will you prefer if you are operating a business in which some
applications have to comply with strict regulatory compliance requirements on data security,
while others require automated scalability and load balancing?
a. Fog computing
b. Private Cloud
c. Public Cloud
d. Hybrid Cloud

You are the CIO of a company that wants to create a new software application that would require
customizing the operating system for optimal performance. What kind of cloud service are you basically
looking for?
a. SaaS
b. PaaS
c. IaaS

Which of the following statements is true for data centers?

a.Datacenters with fully connected topology improves host-to-host capacity
b. Blade servers in a rack are interconnected using the TOR switch
c. Hardware maintenance on a server in a datacenter can be performed without interrupting the
software applications because of virtualization
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Different wireless technologies occupy different frequency bands.
b. WiFi is a wireless technology that offers higher data speed but lower coverage area than
cellular network technology
c. Wireless technologies that offer high data speed/rate also offer greater coverage area
d. None of the above

Which of the following statements is true about base stations in a cellular network?
a. Base stations provide coverage over the area of a cell
b. Base stations will use different frequencies in adjacent sectors
c. Adjacent base stations participate in the handover process of ongoing mobile conversations
d. All of the above

Suppose an airport is using RFID tags on ventilation units for monitoring and reporting of their
functional status, PDAs for technicians, and SAP Mobile Asset Management software. Which of
the following activities can be achieved using these solutions?
a. Inspectors can easily check the status of the units from the ground without having to get up
and manually inspect them, thus increasing operational efficiency.
b. Automatic reporting from the ventilation units will improve error-free reporting and safety of
the building.
c. Automatic reporting also serves as evidence for genuine repairs
d. All of the above

Which of the following will be most useful for enabling wider usage of QR codes?
a. Include built-in QR scanner app in the smartphones
b. Encourage creation of ad-supported third-party apps for QR code scanners
c. Encourage creation of QR code scanning app by individual vendors
d. None of the above
Which of the following statements is NOT true about WiFi networks?
a. WiFi operates in an unlicensed spectrum band
b. WiFi and cellular networks use the same set of frequencies
c. WiFi is an example of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true about femtocells?

a. When registered mobile phone users arrive under coverage area of a femtocell, they switch
over from the cellular network to femtocell automatically
b. When mobile phone users leave the coverage area of a femtocell, they switch over from the
femtocell to a cellular network seamlessly
c. Existing WiFi or DSL routers can be upgraded to a femtocell without the need for any new
hardware
d. All of the above

Which of the following pairing of technology to its coverage area is mismatched?

a. Bluetooth - Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
b. GSM - Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
c. WiFi - Wirelss Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)
d. CDMA - Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)

Which of the following is the primary technology used in a mobile payment system like Apple
Pay?
a. Near Field Communication (NFC)
b. QR code
c. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
d. None of the above

A shopping mall plans to send targeted offers to customers connected to their WiFi
network. Which type of data about the customer will be most valuable to send these
offers?
a. Time of day
b. Geolocation
c. Weather
d. None of the above
Which of the following issues cannot be addressed effectively with flat rate pricing of network
bandwidth?
a. There is a large differential between peak and off-peak hour demand
b. Some users are consuming a disproportionate amount of bandwidth in peak time
c. Some applications are poorly designed and consume too much bandwidth
d. All of the above

Denial of service (DOS) security attacks are intended to compromise a system's _______.
a. Confidentiality
b. Availability
c. Integrity
d. Authenticity

Which of the following statements is true for malwares?

a. They are computer programs that can infect other programs
b. Many of them can propagate by attaching themselves to files and emails
c. They may not always do outright damage
d. All of the above

Which of the following techniques system administrators use to reduce the risk of password
hacking?
a. Preventing users from using alphanumeric passwords
b. Enforcing a cap on the number of password retries at login before the account gets locked
c. Encouraging usage of easy to remember dictionary words as passwords
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements about basic encryption techniques NOT true?
a. The key used in Caesar cipher should be kept private between the sender and the receiver
b. The key used in Caesar cipher should be made publicly available to allow the receiver to
decrypt the message
c. The keys used in one-time pads need to be kept private between the sender and the receiver
d. The keys used in one-time pads are a pre-selected sequence of random numbers
Which of the following statements about private key cryptography is true?
a. The same key is used by both the sender and the receiver to encrypt and decrypt a message
b. The sender uses one key to encrypt a message and the receiver uses another key to decrypt
it.
c. The sender and the receiver do not have to agree upon a shared key in advance
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is true for public key cryptosystem?

a. A secret message should be encrypted using the public key of the sender and decrypted
using the private key of the receiver
b. A secret message should be encrypted using the private key of the sender and decrypted
using the public key of the receiver
c. A secret message should be encrypted using the private key of the sender and decrypted
using the public key of the receiver
d. A secret message should be encrypted using the public key of the receiver and decrypted
using the private key of the receiver

In case of digital signatures, which of the following statements will be true? (Digital signatures
are not meant to be secret messages, instead they are used to demonstrate that the message
must have originated from a particular sender who signed it).
a. The message will need to be encrypted using the sender's private key. Anyone can then use
the sender's public key to decrypt it, and thereby verify that it must have been encrypted
(signed) by that particular sender.
b. The message will need to be encrypted using the sender's public key. Anyone can then use
the sender's private key to decrypt it, and thereby verify that it must have been encrypted
(signed) by that particular sender

Which of the following statements is NOT true about these cyber defense systems?
a. Honeypots are legitimate parts of the site that are actually isolated and monitored,
and act as traps for attackers
b. Honeypots can be used to learn about organization's security weaknesses
c. Intrusion detection systems cannot look inside the contents of the data packets, and
therefore only use traffic filtering rules.
d. None of the above
Which of the following should be practiced to prevent confidential data loss from cyberattacks?
a. Store the encrypted data and the encryption key at different locations
b. Use a two-factor access control
c. Limit third-party access to the internal network
d. All of the above

The type of disclosure process in which a new bug discovery is first reported to the software vendor
whose product contains the bug is known as:
a. Responsible Disclosure
b. Full Disclosure
c. Market Disclosure
d. None of the above

Which of the following statements regarding Blockchain is NOT true?

a. Blockchain is a list of records, called blocks, which are linked using cryptography and are
accessible for verification by the public.
b. Blockchain is a distributed digital ledger in which transactions can be recorded
chronologically and publicly.
c. Traditional databases also store transaction information chronologically. But secure
databases are kept under the centralized control of a host organization and maintained by IT
administrators.
d. Blockchain is designed as a centralized solution so that a single entity can control it and
validate all transactions.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a. Ethereum is an example of a blockchain
b. The cryptocurrency used in Ethereum are called Bitcoins
c. Hyperledger is an example of open-source blockchain
d. The cryptocurrency used in Ethereum are called Ethers

Which of the following statements is true?

a. In blockchains, any change or new transactions can be realized only by adding a new block
of information to the historical transaction records.
b. In blockchains, one doesn't erase or override the past records, it adds transactions in a
chronological order to a growing list.
c. Unlike the ledgers maintained by banks, Bitcoin's blockchain is replicated on networked
machines around the world; hence it is called a "Distributed Ledger".
d. All of the above.

Which of the following is NOT true for Bitcoin mining?

a. The technology uses a pair of keys for encryption
b. The private key is used by the sender to encrypt the payment message
c. Miners use the sender's public key to validate that the payment request was indeed made by
the sender
d. Miners will use the public key to compute the private key of the sender

Suppose the requirements that your organization has in regards to storing transaction information can
be met with either a traditional database or a blockchain. Which one should you choose?
a. Traditional database
b. Blockchain

Can you use a swim-lane diagram to document a business process?

a. Yes
b. No

What are the four phases (in order) of SDLC methodology?

a.Analyze, Plan, Design, Implement
b.Plan, Analyze, Design, Implement
c.Plan, Design, Analyze, Implement

What key characteristic differentiates RAD from previous methodologies?

a. Prototypes
b. Iterations

In SDLC phases, where does an ideal BA contribute?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement
e. All of the above

What are the three dimensions of a feasibility analysis?

a. Time, Money, Quality
b. Technical, Economic, Organizational

Which of the following roles handles the project's work plan, triple constraint, risk, communication, and
critical path?
a. Business Analyst
b. Project Manager
c. Systems Analyst

What characteristics should a well-formed requirements have?

a. Can be verified
b. Has to be met or possessed by a system to solve a stakeholder problem
c. Measurable
d. Defines the performance and capabiity of the system
e. All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a desirable quality of a good requirement?

a. Necessary
b. Consistent
c. Multiple

Which of the following is a good sample syntax for writing a good requirement
a. [Condition] [Subject] [Action] [Object] [Constraint]
b.[Condition] [Action or Constraint] [Value]
c. [Subject] [Action] [Value]
d. All of the above

Nonfuctional requirements are usually discussed with subject-matter experts.

a. True
b. False

In what phase of the SDLC methodology do we create use cases?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement

In what phase of SDLC methodology do we write initial test cases?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement

What are the components of a data flow diagram?

a. process, data flow, data store, external entity
b. actor, boundary, data

What is the key difference between context diagram and process flow diagram?
a. Context diagram depicts data flows, sequences of events are not depicted. Process
flow depicts the process. Non-data elements are included. Sequence matters.
b. Process flow diagram depicts data flows, sequences of events are not depicted.
Context diagram depicts the process. Non-data elements are included. Sequence
matters.
What type of DFD focuses on the business and business activities?
a. Logical DFD
b. Physical DFD

How can a DFD be decomposed into a primitive?

a. Through structured English, decision tree, or context table
b. Through structured English, decision tree, or decision table

What are example components of BPMN?

a. A start event, sequence flow, task, gateway "decision", and end event
b. A boundary, external entities, inputs, and outputs

What is used to describe a person, place, object, event or concept about which data are to be
maintained?
a. Entity
b. Crow's foot
What refers to the maximum number of times an instance in one entity can be associated with instances
in the related entity?
a. Cardinality
b. Modularity

What are the main constructs of an ERD?

a. Actors, Relationships, Data Flow
b. Entities, Relationships, Attributes.

What shows that one entity inherits from another entity?

a. Specialization
b. Generalization

When balancing DFDs and ERDs, what will data stores & some external entities be represented as in an
ERD?
a. Entities
b. Attributes

A video game is programmed to offer 3 different membership options based on different monthly
subscriptions: Gold, Silver, and Bronze members. In Object-Oriented Programming, each type of member
would be considered instances of a:
a. Class
b. Method

Suppose we wanted to use inheritance to store different types of vehicles for a program being
used by a car dealership. If Car, Truck, and Van were subclasses in the program, with Audi and
Chevrolet being subclasses of the Car class, what should be the superclass?
a. Car Dealership
b. Vehicle
c. Customer

Which of the following is an advantage of ERP over the Best-of-Breed strategy?

a. ERP does not lock the firm's data into one ecosystem managed by a single vendor.
b. Best-of-Breed requires custom integration into the firm to be functional, which requires more
resources to complete. Meanwhile ERP needs much less customization as it is all from one
vendor.

Which of the following is NOT true about Business Intelligence Architecture?

a. It is better suited to answer questions regarding the trends of purchases, i.e. referencing data
over a period of time.
b. It supports daily transactions, but not data modeling or analysis.
c. It is mostly used for analysts, but not suited well for automated input.
What represents a system's design by referencing physical elements of the software, such as writing
functions?
a. Data Flow Diagram
b. Program Specifications

A program for ordering food online on a restaurant's website is currently being tested. The project leader
wants to test an instance where a customer wants to know what appetizers pair well with a given entree.
This is an example of a Use Case.
a.True
b. False

Which of the three dimensions do Business Analysts focus on during the migration plan (mark all that
apply)?
a. Preparing the Business
b. Preparing the Technology
c. Preparing the People
d. A and C only

The Maintenance phase is not included in the SDLC described in this course but it is equally important.
a. True
b. False

What are some work positions that are available in companies that develops and sells ERP Systems?
a. Sales Associate
b. Functional Consultant
c. System Architect
d. Project Management
e. All of above

If my company does not develop or sell ERP systems, it is likely that I do not need to learn or use ERP
systems?
a. True
b. False

Having seen the various potential issues related to the completion of an order fulfillment
process, which of the following is a good reason why ERP systems might help companies in this
business process?
a. ERP systems are expensive systems. By owning an ERP, companies can show their
customers that they have good financial health
b. ERP systems can help sales associates make better decisions by presenting information on
stock availability and the credit-worthiness of customers
c. Since most other companies are using ERPs, it will look bad if a company does not own an
ERP
In this class, we would learn to program and code ERP software.
a. True
b. False

When workers work in a department within the company, they get to specialize in one
area of work. This style of working is adopted by many companies, and it does not bear
any issues.
a. True
b. False

A process-oriented view of the organization _________________.

a. allows information to flow seamlessly across departments
b. causes different departments to work in silos

The layers that SAP R/3 have are:

You may choose more than one answer.
a. Database Layer
b. Project Layer
c. Application Layer
d. Process Layer
e. Presentation Layer
f. A, C and E

When users use SAP, where is their data stored?

a. Their own computer
b. The server where the system is hosted

What is the purpose of the production process?

a. To acquire needed material internally.
b. To acquire needed material externally.

Within SAP, the company is the highest organization level.

a. True
b. False

Storage locations are the places where stock is physically kept within a plant.
a. True
b. False
What are common types of Distribution Channels within SAP?
a. Wholesale
b. Retail
c. Internet
d. All of Above

What types of data might be involved in the creation of transaction data?

a. Customer Master Data
b. Material Master Data
c. Situational Data
d. All of above

Which are the top three ERP vendors? Check all that apply.
a. Oracle
b. Microsoft Dynamics
c. Sage
d. SAP
e. A, B and D

Which ERP offerings are provided by SAP? Check all that apply.
a. Business All-In-One
b. Business One
c. By Design
d. All of the above

What differentiates a context diagram from a process flow diagram?

a. Context diagram depicts data flows, sequences of events are not depicted. Process flow
depicts the process. Non-data elements are included. Sequence matters.
b. Process flow diagram depicts data flows, sequences of events are not depicted. Context
diagram depicts the process. Non-data elements are included. Sequence matters.

What DFD type focuses on the business and business activities?

a. Physical DFD
b. Logical DFD

Business Process Model and Notation includes which of the following components?
a. A start event, sequence flow, task, gateway "decision", and end event
b. A boundary, external entities, inputs, and outputs

What refers to the maximum number of times an instance in one entity can be associated with instances
in the related entity?
a. Modularity
b. Cardinality

What type of entity instances store attributes that are common to one or more entity subtypes?
a. Supertype
b. Subtype
In Object-Oriented Programming, an object is kind of person, place, event, or thing about which we want
to capture.
a. True
b. False

An application for a fast food chain models each user with a class. Any user can apply a 5% off
coupon code when ordering a meal above $10 (represented by a class labelled User), however
users that pay a monthly fee can also apply a 10% off coupon code when ordering any menu
item from the store and are represented by a subclass of User labeled specialUser. Is this an
example of inheritance?
a. Yes
b. No

Which of the following is true about acquisition strategies?

a. If a firm does not fully understand how to develop or implement a software system, it is often
more effective to outsource that system to a vendor.
b. In the long run, it is usually more cost-effective to develop new software in-house.
c. One of the drawbacks to outsourcing software development is that it is harder to control the
quality of the design and ensure that it meets the necessary requirements.

Which is the best way to describe an Alternative Matrix?

a. Since it considers every technical criteria for a system with a corresponding weight, the
resulting scores of an Alternative Matrix for a given system determine which alternative is
objectively the best decision for the firm to make as it is comprehensive of every factor going
into that system's development.
b. The scores of an Alternative Matrix should only be considered as a factor in the decision-
making process for a firm, and should be weighed against other external criteria by an
experienced leader responsible for the system's development.

Online retailers frequently implement systems that recommend other products to customers
based on their previous purchase history, what time of year they made the purchase, what other
customers frequently bought in addition to the customers purchase, and other data relating to
the purchase. This is an example of:
a. Business Intelligence Architecture
b. Operational Architecture

Which of the following is the definition of "scope creep"?

a. When ERP management locks a firm into one ecosystem, resulting in all data being managed
under the same vendor.
b. When additional features are requested during the implementation phase of a project, thus
increasing the cost and time required to complete said project.

The Business Analyst is involved with preparing the technology during the migration plan.
a. True
b. False
What are some of the roles of the Project Manager during ERP implementation?
a. Assess the risks of the implementation in terms of cost and duration
b. Secure resources for the implementation team
c. Purchase and select the right ERP system
d. A and B only

Business processes are activities that businesses do in their daily operations.

a. True
b. False

What are some difficulties faced when executing business processes?

a. A big company should not face any difficulties in their business process, only small
companies face such issues
b. Information does not flow between business units, leading to bad decisions being made
c. There are multiple business units, which makes coordination of effort difficult
d. B and C only

Why do silo effect arise?

a. Workers become highly specialized in their work area, and do not know about the capabilities
and objectives of other departments
b. Workers in each department have different incentives schemes and do not optimize their
efforts towards the overall good of the company
c. Workers are not paid enough for their work
d. A and B only

'R' in SAP R/3 stands for 'real-time'.

a. True
b. False

What are the three layers in SAP R/3?

a. Database, Security, Presentation
b. Database, Application, Network
c. Database, Application, Presentation
d. Database, Security, Network

Data created in SAP can be deleted easily.

a. True
b. False

Which of the following are organizational data?

a. Storage location
b. Client
c. Sales Organization
d. All of the above

Fields of master data change frequently.

a. True
b. False

Within SAP, how many main types of data are there?

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

A unique sale area is made up by a combination of

a. Sales organization, distribution channel, Division
b. Sale organization, Material Master, Customer Master
c. Company, distribution channel, Sales organization
d. Company, distribution channel, Division

What are instances of master data seen in the class?

a. Company
b. Customer
c. Factory
d. All of the above

Purchase order is an example of a master data.

a. True
b. False

What are possible scenarios in which delivery and billing documents are combined?
a. Two separate deliveries to the same customer made on different days are consolidated into
one billing document
b. Two separate deliveries to different customers made on different days are consolidated into
one billing document
c. A delivery to a customer is being split into two billing documents to be paid by different
departments of the customer company
d. A and C only

What are the advantages of using a Best of Suite Strategy?

a. Less risks in term of system integration as the modules are from the same vendor
b. Less costly implementation cost as there is less integration complexity
c. It provides the best features across all ERP offerings
d. A and B only

In the opening case of Target's ERP implementation, what were the bad managerial decisions
made that led to a failed outcome?
a. Top management decided to pursue an aggressive and tight implementation timeline.
b. When populating the ERP system, mid-managers utilized the benchmark figures from the US
operations to forecast the sales demand in Canada
c. Appropriate checks and balances are not in place, leading store managers to turn off auto-
replenishment feature in the system.
d. All of above

Change Management is:

a. People side of technology project
b. A systematic approach to dealing with change
c. Only appropriate for ERP-related projects
d. A and B only

Constant communication of project benefits to the users and a clear illustration of milestones are useful
change management techniques for keeping motivation levels high during ERP implementation.
a. True
b.False

A large company with operations in multiple countries has just finished upgrading its legacy
system to an Oracle ERP system. The consultant team believes that the risk of go-live problems
can be subtantial, given that there are multiple interdependencies across business units. What
might be a good approach in the roll out of this system?
a. Big Bang
b. Phased Approach

A client company wanted to implement a large scale ERP system. The project scope appears to
be highly uncertain and the client does not seem to know what features are to be included in the
final deliverable. What would be a good pricing model to use here when charging the client?
a. Fixed Price
b. Time and Material

Which is the core technology behind "cloud computing"?

a. HTTP
b. Virtualization
c. Thin clients
d. Remote Desktop
Google's cloud platform offering is a:
a. Public cloud
b. Private cloud
c. Hybrid cloud
d. None of the above

You are the CIO of a company that wants to create a new software application that would require
customizing the operating system for optimal performance. What kind of cloud service are you basically
looking for?
a. SaaS
b. PaaS
c. IaaS

Which of the following statements is true for data centers?

a.Datacenters with fully connected topology improves host-to-host capacity
b. Blade servers in a rack are interconnected using the TOR switch
c. Hardware maintenance on a server in a datacenter can be performed without interrupting the
software applications because of virtualization
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is true about base stations in a cellular network?
a. Base stations provide coverage over the area of a cell
b. Base stations will use different frequencies in adjacent sectors
c. Adjacent base stations participate in the handover process of ongoing mobile conversations
d. All of the above

Suppose an airport is using RFID tags on ventilation units for monitoring and reporting of their
functional status, PDAs for technicians, and SAP Mobile Asset Management software. Which of
the following activities can be achieved using these solutions?
a. Inspectors can easily check the status of the units from the ground without having to get up
and manually inspect them, thus increasing operational efficiency.
b. Automatic reporting from the ventilation units will improve error-free reporting and safety of
the building.
c. Automatic reporting also serves as evidence for genuine repairs
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true about WiFi networks?

a. WiFi operates in an unlicensed spectrum band
b. WiFi and cellular networks use the same set of frequencies
c. WiFi is an example of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
d. All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true about femtocells?

a. When registered mobile phone users arrive under coverage area of a femtocell, they switch
over from the cellular network to femtocell automatically
b. When mobile phone users leave the coverage area of a femtocell, they switch over from the
femtocell to a cellular network seamlessly
c. Existing WiFi or DSL routers can be upgraded to a femtocell without the need for any new
hardware
d. All of the above

Which of the following pairing of technology to its coverage area is mismatched?

a. Bluetooth - Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
b. GSM - Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
c. WiFi - Wirelss Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)
d. CDMA - Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
A shopping mall plans to send targeted offers to customers connected to their WiFi network. Which type
of data about the customer will be most valuable to send these offers?
a. Time of day
b. Geolocation
c. Weather
d. None of the above

Which of the following issues cannot be addressed effectively with flat rate pricing of network
bandwidth?
a. There is a large differential between peak and off-peak hour demand
b. Some users are consuming a disproportionate amount of bandwidth in peak time
c. Some applications are poorly designed and consume too much bandwidth
d. All of the above

Which of the following statement is true?

a. The process of adding blocks to a blockchain is computationally expensive, and even more
so to change blocks further back in the chain.
b. Any miner trying to add a new block of data is required to provide a cryptographic proof called
Proof of Work.
c. To produce the Proof of Work, a miner will have to perform multiple rounds of hashing with the
data of the previous block such that the resultant hash value begins with a specified number of
zeros.
d. All of the above.

Which of the following is an application area for smart contracts?

a. Supply chains are often inefficient because of paper-based systems and need for multi-party
approvals, validation cost, potential for loss and fraud. Smart contracts can provide a secure,
accessible digital version to all parties on the blockchain to automate contracts and payment.
b. Peer-to-peer buying and selling of goods and services (e.g., in electricity smart grids and
ridesharing services) can benefit from smart contracts executed between various parties
participating in the blockchain.
c. Buyers and sellers of insurance can agree on and claim reparation compensation using smart
contracts.
d. All of the above.

Suppose your organization needs multiple people to store and update transaction records while ensuring
immutability. Which one should you choose?
a. Traditional database
b. Blockchain

Suppose your organization needs to store transaction data that should be kept private,
immutable, verifiable, but also control who can read and write to it in order to maintain
scalability. What should you choose?
a. Traditional database
b. Permissioned blockchain
c. Public blockchain
d. None of the above

Which of the following statements is true?

a. A blockchain's technology and process ensure truthful-reporting and provides incentives for
participation.
b. Cryptography principles implement validation of digital signatures, security, and immutability
in a blockchain.
c. A blockchain's distributed realization and public accessibility helps overcome censorship.
d. All of the above.

External entities are included in the context diagram.

a. True
b. False

Agile and Waterfall are complementary methodologies that are best used together.
a. True
b. False

The System Request is introduced in which of the following SDLC phases?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement
e. All of the above

Which SDLC phases include organizational readiness activities?

a. Plan
b. Analyze
c. Design
d. Implement
e. All of the above

Which of these is a structured interview requirement?

a. Gathering information about the interview subject
b. Identifying the business problem
c. Clarifying the user environment
d. Testing potential solutions
e. Identifying non-functional requirements
f. All of the above

Which traceability method identifies the gold-plating example at the beginning of this video?
a. Forward Traceability
b. Backward Traceability

In a use case, what level of detail has exhaustive, numbered steps with data flows?
a. Fully-dressed
b. Casual
c. Briefs

What are the two major types of relationships among use cases?
a. <<extend>> <<include>>
b. <<exclude>> <<include>>

Suppose a program for ordering shoes online is represented by a sequence diagram. If

a customer wanted to select a different color of the shoes (which is a variable stored in
the shoe class, accessible by a method also in the class), would this be an instance of
a(n):
a. Actor
b. Message
c. Object
The financial health of an external software developer does not need to be considered in an Alternative
Matrix.
a. True
b. False

The full name of SAP company is Systems, Applications, Processes.

a. True
b. False

What is the purpose of the procurement business process?

a. To acquire needed materials externally.
b. To acquire needed materials internally.

Based on these two business processes, we see that a business process is initiated based on a trigger
event.
a. True
b. False
Plants in SAP can be used to represent:
a. Retail Stores
b. Factories
c. Distribution Centers
d. B and C only

What is true with regards to sales organizations?

a. They are the top organizational level for summarizing sales data
b. They are an organization unit responsible for the distribution of goods and services
c. All of above
A quotation is a legally binding document, while an inquiry is not legally binding.
a. True
b. False

Which ERP offerings are provided by MS Dynamics? Check all that apply
a. GP
b. NAV
c. AX

According to the Clash of the Titans article, what are important factors to consider when selecting a ERP
system?
a. Market share
b. Country of ERP company
c. Cost of Ownership
d. A and C only

What is the biggest shortcoming of SAP?

a. Largest market share
b. Highest selection rate when short-listed
c. Largest delta between planned and actual implementation duration

The magic quadrant can be used to shortlist viable options for companies.
a. True
b. False

Ability to execute in the magic quadrant refers whether an ERP system bears certain features for
addressing specific business needs of operating in an industry.
a. True
b. False

What are the four types of ERPs under the Magic Quadrant? Check all that apply.
a. Leaders, Visionaries, Niche Players, Challengers
b. Leaders, Visionaries, Masters, Defenders
c. Leaders, Strategists, Niche Players, Challengers
d. Leaders, Masters, Defenders, Strategists

What might be an industry that would find ERPs falling in the Visionary quadrant to be most
appropriate?
a. Online platforms that offer home-sharing features (e.g., Airbnb)
b. Large retail business (e.g. Walmart)

The CRM module is not redundant because it can handle sophisticated fulfillment tasks that are not
provided by the basic fulfillment feature offered by the core ERP module.
a. True
b. False

What are the important components to consider within change management with respect to ERP
implementation? Check all that apply.
a. Communication
b. Money
c. Training
d. Process Change
e. A, C and D

Companies tend to underestimate the amount of change that is involved with ERP
implementation. To help companies consider the various possible types of changes that are
involved, we have just talked about 4 levels of change. In particular, which level of change does
structure and culture belong to?
a. Level 1
b. Level 2
c. Level 3
d. Level 4

Leadership support towards ERP implementation is essential to the change management,

because a lack of support signals to the rest of the company that tasks involved in implementing
the system are not as important as their daily tasks. This can lead to lack of interest and
cooperation with the ERP implementation team.
a. True
b. False

A good approach to utilize leadership support is to utilize a communication protocol that explains
the importance of the ERP and describes the implementation needs to the senior management,
so that they can motivate the rest of organization in committing their time to the ERP
implementation project.
a. True
b. False

Leadership support and commitment is needed

a. During ERP implementation
b. After ERP implementation
c. All of above

Companies typically do not experience disruption to their productivity after ERP implementation, if they
do a good job with change management.
a. True
b. False

Over the last 5 minutes, what are some of the discussed techniques that can help to increase
the likelihood of ERP implementation success?
a. Rigourous Scope Management
b. Early exposure to User Interface/System
c. Use of Agile Methodology in Implementation
d. Selecting the right ERP system using the Magic Quadrant
e. A, B and C

What are the approaches in rolling out the ERP systems? Check all that applies.
a. Slow and steady rollout
b. Big Bang
c. Phase rollout
d. B and C only

What are some advantages of using a single instance ERP? Check all that applies.
a. Allows data and business activities to be consolidated across different business units
b. Lower maintenance cost
c. Enable Strategic Vision
d. All of the above

What are various types of partnership roles that implementation partners could play?
a. Foot soldiers
b. Service providers
c. Commanders
d. Diplomats
e. A, C and D

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Cloud?

a. Resources can be purchased on-demand
b. Additional resources can be added relatively quickly
c. Cloud resources can be accessed from a range of network devices and platforms
d. Users must pay a high flat-fee irrespective of their usage.

Virtualization can be used to create a layer of separation between the hardware and the operating
system and software running on it.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following issues can have a negative impact if a company moves its services to the
cloud without full considerations?
a. The company did not pay attention to data format compatibility issues before choosing a
cloud provider
b. The company has private data assets but has not addressed data ownership issues with the
chosen cloud provider
c. The company has not considered whether their cloud provider will be able to grow and scale
up at the same pace as that of the company's growth over a long-term horizon.
d. All of the above.

HTML stands for?

a. Home Tool Markup Language
b. Hyper Text Markup Language
c. Hyperlinks and Text Markup Language

Which of the following is NOT an example of a web application?

a. HTML
b. Google Docs
c. Dropbox
d. Youtube

Which of the following is NOT true for thin client solutions?

(a) It needs to validate with the server after data capture
(b) Increases portability in that all applications are on the server that can be accessed from any
workstation
(c) More expensive to deploy and more work for IT to deploy
(d) Provides an opportunity to use older, outdated PCs as the thin clients

All these VMs are sharing the resources provided by the actual host machine.
a. True
b. False

For a client with limited IT expertise, a Type 2 hypervisor will be easier to install than a Type 1 hypervisor.
a. True
b. False

You are the CIO of a company that wants to create a new software application without having to
worry about purchasing and maintaining all the required underlying hardware infrastructure
(e.g., network, storage, processor, bandwidth) and operating system support software (e.g., OS
updates, antivirus) etc. What are you basically looking for?
a SaaS
b PaaS
c IaaS

Which of the following is an example of SaaS?

a Cisco Webex
b Google Docs
c Citrix GoToMeeting
d All of the above

In which of the scenarios is IaaS NOT applicable:

(a) When regulatory compliance prohibits offshoring data storage and processing
(b) When the demand is very volatile or the organization is growing
(c) When there is limited capital to be spent on infrastructure
(d) When there is temporary infrastructural need

A public cloud option may be more suitable for an organization than using a private cloud when it needs:
a Greater control
b Lower latency
c Higher elasticity
d Better performance

Which of the following is true for data centers?

a Data centers have rows of interconnected servers
b Data centers maintain backup of the data stored on each server
c If one server fails, another server in the data center can take over its role without interruption
d All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a Fog computing introduces computational power in the edge routers to which IoT devices
connect
b Datacenters with fully connected topology improves host-to-host capacity
c Blade servers in a rack are interconnected using the TOR switch
d Fog computing is a technology that is intended to replace Cloud computing

Which of the following statement is true?

(a) Visible light is not a part of the electromagnetic spectrum
(b) All wireless technologies use the same frequency
(c) There is a trade-off between the mobility range and data speed that different technologies offer
(d) None of the above

Which of the following statement is NOT true?

(a) Human voice produce analog signals
(b) Voice signals can be digitized to a binary representation, which can then be sent over wireless signals
through techniques like signal modulation.
(c) FM stands for frequency modulation
(d) None of the above
Which of the following statement is true?
(a) The term "Cellular" in cellular networks comes from honeycomb shape of areas for a
coverage region
(b) Adjacent parts of cells in a cellular network operate on different frequencies to minimize
interference in wireless data transmission
(c) Base stations of adjacent cells participate in the handover process to minimize call drop
rates
(d) All of the above

Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Mobile CRM modules can help employees in remote locations have real-time access to
customer data
(b) RFID technology can be used to monitor and get reports on equipment status without the
need for physical examination.
(c) Using WiFi and other wireless technologies to connect smart home appliances can help
realize green buildings
(d) All of the above

Barcode was intenved in?

a. 1948
b. 1967
c. 1946
d. 1964

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(a) RFID is less expensive than bar codes and QR codes
(b) RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification
(c) RFID readers can read multiple RFID tags at the same time
(d) The size of the antenna that can be used inside an RFID tag affects the distance from which
it can be scanned.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about WiFi networks?

(a) WiFi operates in an unlicensed spectrum band
(b) WiFi and cellular networks use the same set of frequencies
(c) WiFi is an example of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)
(d) All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(a) 1G cellular networks support voice and data services
(b) 2G cellular networks support both voice and messaging services
(c) 3G and 4G cellular networks support both voice and data services
(d) 5G cellular networks will support Internet of Things and other data heavy services

Which of the following pairing of technology to its coverage area is mismatched?

(a) Bluetooth - Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)
(b) WiFi - Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
(c) CDMA - Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
(d) None of the above

The mobile phones we carry today have more computing power than the computers used for the Apollo
11 to land on the moon.
a. True
b. False

Which of the following technology can be used inside a store to track which aisle a customer is in?
(a) Barcode on each product
(b) QR code on each product
(c) RFID tag on a shopping cart
(d) Geolocation data from cell phone

Which of the following statements is true?

(a) Usage based pricing for data is a way to charge based on the volume of data consumed
(b) Time dependent pricing for data is a way to charge based on the time of day at which data is
consumed
(c) Location based pricing for data is a way to charge based on the location at which data is
consumed
(d) All of the above

Which of these are characteristics of secure communication?

(a) Confidentiality
(b) Data Integrity
(c) Authentication
(d) All of the above

A Trojan horse refers to a computer program that...

(a) has the intent to slow down a machine through self-replication and using up all the available
resources
(b) has the intent to open a backdoor on a machine for an attacker to gain remote access
(c) has the intent to create an additional layer of protection against viruses on a machine
(d) none of the above

Which of the following is an example of attack involving impersonation or spying on ongoing data
exchanges?
(a) IP Spoofing
(b) Packet Sniffing
(c) Man-in-the-Middle
(d) All of the above

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Which of the following statement about cipher based encryption is NOT true?
(a) Caesar ciphers shift the alphabetical letters by a number (key) that is known only to
the sender and the receiver of a message.
(b) A key challenge with Caesar cipher and its variants is the need to share the key in
advance in a trusted environment
(c) Caesar cipher is a stronger encryption technique than one-time pads
(d) Perfect one time pads can be unbreakable because of the computational power
needed
c
Which of the following private key

Which of the following private key based data encryption system is the strongest?
(a) DES
(b) 3DES
(c) AES
(d) All of them are of similar strength

Which of the following statements about public key cryptosystem is NOT true?
(a) Message can be encoded with one key (either of the two) and decoded with the other
(b) Message can only be encoded with the private key and decoded with the public key, not vice
versa
(c) Someone can know the public key, but that should not allow him or her to deduce the private
key
(d) It can be used for encryption as well as in authentication and digital signatures

Which of the following suggested usage of cyber defense system is correct:

(a) Encryption is used to protect sensitive information and data
(b) Host-based Intrusion Detection Systems are used to monitor and protect individual machines
and systems.
(c) Network-based Intrusion Detection Systems are used to monitor and protect organization's
network
(d) All of the above

Which of the following should be AVOIDED to prevent confidential data loss from cyberattacks?
(a) Store the encrypted data and the encryption key at different locations
(b) Store the encrypted data and the encryption key at the same location
(c) Use a two-factor access control
(d) Limit third-party access to the internal network

The type of disclosure process in which a new bug discovery is reported right away to the public is
known as:
(a) Responsible Disclosure
(b) Full Disclosure
(c) Market Disclosure
(d) None of the above

Attackers can exploit gaps in cross-organizational processes more easily when algorithmic decision-
making is involved. Which of the following technology may best help to address some of these concerns?
(a) Blockchain
(b) Cloud computing
(c) Internet of Things
(d) None of the above

Which of the following statements about blockchain is NOT true?

(a) It is a distributed ledger that records transactions
(b) It has a centralized validation system
(c) It uses cryptographic codes for securing transaction records
(d) It is the technology behind Bitcoin

Which of the following statements provides a valid reason in favor of blockchains over traditional
databases?
(a) Traditional databases are not capable of storing transaction information
(b) Transaction data stored in a traditional database can be validated by anyone but blockchains
offer a more closed solution that increases security.
(c) Transaction data are stored in a traditional database under the control of a single
administrator who needs to be trusted, whereas blockchains create a distributed ledger that can
be validated by anyone.
(d) All of the above

Which of the following statements is true about Bitcoins?

(a) Bitcoin is the world's first digital currency based on the blockchain technology that was
launched in 2009 as an alternative to traditional currency.
(b) In Bitcoins, there is no need to have an actual physical currency because its blockchain
keeps an entire transaction history on who owned each bitcoin at different times in the past.
(c) Transaction records in banking are centrally controlled and closed to the public for security
reasons, whereas bitcoin brings in the public to validate every ownership and transaction, thus
adding transparency.
(d) All of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Bitcoins?

(a) Bitcoin uses cryptography to maintain security and immutability of transactions.
(b) Bitcoin miners use private key cryptography for encrypting transactions.
(c) Miners in Bitcoin blockchain collect and validate transaction requests.
(d) When a miner successfully validates and adds a new block of transaction records to the
chain, they earn bitcoins in lieu of their computational power spent in this process.

Which of the following statements about the steps of Bitcoin mining is NOT true?
(a) Bitcoin miners scoop up a whole bunch of transaction requests that they process
(b) Bitcoin miners check to ensure that the digital signatures are valid and that there are enough
bitcoins in the wallet for a valid transaction.
(c) Miners compete globally to produce blocks of validated transactions. The first miner to
produce a valid block of transactions earns bitcoins and their block is added to end of the
blockchain.
(d) All the miners participated in mining will get an equal share of the bitcoins for participating in
the computation process.

In the context of the irreversibility of blockchains, which of the following statement is NOT true?
(a) The process of adding blocks to a blockchain is such that it is very expensive - in terms of
computational power, and hence, electricity - to add new blocks and even more so to change
blocks further back in the chain.
(b) Any miner trying to add a new block of data is required to provide a cryptographic proof
called Proof of Work.
(c) To produce the Proof of Work, a miner will have to perform multiple rounds of hashing with
the data of the previous block such that the resultant hash value begins with a specified number
of zeros.
(d) A miner predicts what hash values will be produced and adjusts the data used in the hashing
process.

Which of the following is true for smart contracts?

(a) They are software code outlining contracts associated with transactions, which remain
unaltered, accessible and publicly verifiable for the blockchain's lifespan.
(b) Smart contracts often interface with external applications that reside outside the blockchain
(c) Smart contracts can be used for peer-to-peer transactions, e.g., smart electricity grid,
ridesharing services, etc
(d) All of the above

College diplomas, transcripts, and other educational records are being tracked and stored in Blockchains
because they provide easy accessibility, verifiability and immutability of data.
a. True
b. False

Suppose your organization has data needs to be secured and stored centrally. What technology
option should you use?
(a) Traditional Database
(b) Blockchain

Suppose multiple stakeholders in a supply chain need to update some records in a dynamic
manner but they all want verifiability and immutability of the data. What technology option
should you use?
(a) Traditional Database
(b) Blockchain
Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Cheap land, cheap electricity, and easy access to advanced hardware vendors for
customization are beneficial for blockchain mining.
(b) As applications of Blockchains continue to grow, the energy consumption for the computation
will be a key factor for enterprises to consider.
(c) Smaller scale permissioned blockchain that limit participation to trusted miners can reduce
computational overhead and energy needs.
(d) All of the above.

Informational systems are about?

a. Providing aggregated information for decision making.
b. Performing core business processes of the firm cost effectively.
c. Providing customers with a differentiated service.
d. All of the above.

IT Portfolio management means that the IT investment portfolio of a firm must be continuously evolving
with time.
a. True
b. False

Prior research suggests that if the user organizations are presented with an IT service
that has a price associated with it, it reduces the demand for the IT service.
a. True
b. False