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6-Error Correction Terminology, Hamming Code

The document outlines a lecture on error detection and correction codes, focusing on Hamming codes, their construction, and decoding processes. It covers key concepts such as linear and systematic codes, Hamming distance, and comparisons between block and convolutional codes. Learning outcomes include the ability to interpret error correction terminology and perform encoding and decoding of Hamming codes.

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tayyabsane
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14 views15 pages

6-Error Correction Terminology, Hamming Code

The document outlines a lecture on error detection and correction codes, focusing on Hamming codes, their construction, and decoding processes. It covers key concepts such as linear and systematic codes, Hamming distance, and comparisons between block and convolutional codes. Learning outcomes include the ability to interpret error correction terminology and perform encoding and decoding of Hamming codes.

Uploaded by

tayyabsane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DR.

NAVEED MUFTI

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
LAST WEEK
 ERROR DETECTION
 ARQ
 SINGLE AND 2-ALPHABET
 CODE/DECODE
 TYPES OF ERROR DETECTION/CORRECTION CODES
 CODING TERMINOLOGY
 ERROR DETECTION CODES
 SINGLE PARITY
 BCC
 CRC

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
THIS WEEK
 ERROR CORRECTION CODES
 CONCEPTS AND TERMINOLOGY
 HAMMING CODE BASICS
 HAMMING CODE CONSTRUCTION TABLE
 HAMMING CODING EXAMPLES
 HAMMING DECODING EXAMPLES
 NOTES ON HAMMING
 VARIANT OF HAMMING
 COMPARISON OF BLOCK/CONVOLUTIONAL CODES
 TARGET OF ERROR CONTROL
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF
& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 AT THE END OF THIS LECTURE, STUDENTS SHOULD
BE ABLE TO
 INTERPRET BASIC TERMS RELATED TO ERROR
CORRECTION
 DETERMINE HAMMING DISTANCES AND WEIGHTS
 DETERMINE IF GIVEN CODES ARE LINEAR/SYSTEMATIC
 EXPLAIN & ILLUSTRATE THE CONSTRUCTION OF (7,4)
HAMMING CODES
 DECODE RECEIVED SEQUENCE
 INFER WORKING OF DIFFERENT VARIANTS OF
HAMMING
 COMPARE BLOCK & CONVOLUTIONAL CODES
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF
& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
ERROR CORRECTION CODES
 CODE
 LINEAR CODE
 SYSTEMATIC CODE
 HAMMING DISTANCE
 HAMMING WEIGHT
 ERROR DETECTING CAPABILITY
 ERROR CORRECTING CAPABILITY
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALPHA, BETA AND dmin

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
LINEAR/SYSTEMATIC

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
HAMMING CODING
 TYPE OF LINEAR BLOCK CODE
 CONSTRUCTION OF HAMMING CODE
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALPHA, BETA AND dmin
 EXTENDED HAMMING CODE
 HAMMING DISTANCE
 HAMMING WEIGHT
 SYSTEMATIC CODES

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
HAMMING CODE CONSTRUCTION
TABLE (n.k) Code, with n=7,k=4
M=1011

BIT POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary equivalent of bit position 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
Bit Status P1 P2 D3 P4 D5 D6 D7
Bit value X X 1 X 0 1 1

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
HAMMING CODING
 IS TYPE OF LINEAR BLOCK CODE
 REVISION: WHAT IS LINEAR?
 CAN BE SYSTEMATIC CODE
 REVISION: WHAT IS SYSTEMATIC?
 CONSTRUCTION OF HAMMING CODE
 EXAMPLE OF (7,4)
 MESSAGE: 1011
 ODD PARITY
 P1+D3+D5+D7=1, SO P1=?
 P2+D3+D6+D7=1, SO P2=?
 P4+D5+D6+D7=1, SO P3=?

 GENERATED CODEWORD (ODD PARITY):1011011


 CHECK IF TRUE
 P1=D3+D5+D7?
 P2=D3+D6+D7?
 P4=D5+D6+D7?

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
HAMMING CODING
 DECODING AT RECEIVER
 RECEIVED EXAMPLE 1: 1001011
 P1+D3+D5+D7=1, satisfied?
 P2+D3+D6+D7=1, satisfied?

 P4+D5+D6+D7=1, satisfied?

 P1 & P2 SHOW ERROR


 BIT 3 IS IN ERROR
 CORRECTED SEQUENCE: 1011011
 RECEIVED EXAMPLE 2: 1101011
 P1 SHOWS ERROR
 BIT 1 IS IN ERROR
 INCORRECT DIAGNOSIS DUE TO 2 ERRORS IN CODEWORD
 (IN)CORRECTED SEQUENCE: 0101011

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
NOTES ON HAMMING
 SOMETIMES, (7,4) HAMMING CODES CANNOT TELL IF 1 OR 2 BIT
ERRORS OCCURRED IN SINGLE CODEWORD
 WITH 2-BIT ERRORS, HAMMING CAN END UP CORRECTING
WRONG SINGLE BIT POSITIONS
 WE NEED ONE EXTRA BIT TO ADDRESS THESE SHORTCOMINGS
 EXTENDED HAMMING CODE (8,4)
 STATUS OF 8TH BIT?
 BIT POSITIONS IN BINARY (NUMBER OF BITS=4 NOW)
 Dmin=4
 SO, ‘e’ AND ‘t’, ALPHA AND BETA?
 EQUATIONS
 P1=D3+D5+D7
 P2=D3+D6+D7
 P4=D5+D6+D7
 P8=P1+P2+D3+P4+D5+D6+D7

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
VARIANT OF HAMMING
 DIFFERENT BIT ARRANGEMENT EXISTS
 D1,D2,D3,D4,P1,P2,P3 (or D1,D2,D3,D4,P5,P6,P7)
 P1=D2+D3+D4
 P2=D1+D3+D4
 P3=D1+D2+D4
 EXAMPLE
 DATAWORD: 1011
 CODEWORD-1011010
 WHY CHANGE THE ORDER?
 SYSTEMATIC
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF
& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
COMPARISON OF BLOCK &
CONVOLUTIONAL CODES
BLOCK CONVOLUTIONAL
 FOR EACH SEQUENCE OF  CODED SEQUENCE OF ‘n’
‘k’ DATA BITS, THERE IS A BITS DEPENDS ON ‘k’ DATA
DISTINCT CODEWORD OF BITS AND PREVIOUS N-1
‘n’ BITS DATA BITS
 ‘k’ DATA BITS ARE  CODING IS DONE ON
ACCUMULATED AND CONTINUOUS BASIS,
THEN ENCODED INTO n- WITHOUT
DIGIT CODEWORD ACCUMULATING
 DELAY INVOLVED  MEMORY/STORAGE
REGISTERS INVOLVED

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
TARGETS OF ERROR CONTROL
 MINIMUM AMOUNT OF REDUNDANCY
 MAXIMUM HAMMING DISTANCE
 CODEWORDS AS FAR APART AS POSSIBLE

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI
END OF LECTURE

UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF


& TECHNOLOGY MARDAN TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING DR NAVEED MUFTI

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