1.

Which commands will display the amount of disk space each file in the
current directory consumes? a. Is -l b. Is -la c. Is -a d. du
ChatGPT
The correct command to display the amount of disk space each file in the current
directory consumes is:
d. du
Explanation:
 ls -l: This command lists files in the current directory in long format, which
includes details like permissions, owner, group, size, and modification date,
but it doesn't display the disk space consumed by each file.
 ls -la: Similar to ls -l, but it also includes hidden files (those starting with a
dot) due to the -a option. It doesn't display disk space consumed by each file.
 ls -a: This command lists all files in the current directory, including hidden
files, but it doesn't display disk space consumed by each file.
 du: This command stands for "disk usage" and is used to estimate file space
usage. When used without any options, it displays the disk space consumed
by each file and directory in the current directory.
So, the correct answer is d. du.
2. What effect does a host's wrong default gateway configuration have on
communications?
a. The host is able to communicate with hosts on distant networks, but not with
hosts on the local network
b. On the local network, the host is unable to exchange messages
c. The host is able to connect with hosts on its local network, but not with hosts on
other networks d. No effect is felt on communication

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
c. The host is able to connect with hosts on its local network, but not with hosts on
other networks
Explanation:
 A default gateway is a device (usually a router) that connects a host to other
networks. When a host sends a packet to a destination that is not on the local
network, it forwards the packet to the default gateway for further routing.
 If the default gateway configuration on a host is incorrect, it means the host
doesn't know where to send packets destined for other networks.
  As a result, the host will be able to communicate with other devices on its
local network (because those devices are reachable without using the default
gateway), but it won't be able to communicate with hosts on other networks
because it doesn't know how to reach them without a correct default
gateway.
 Options a, b, and d describe scenarios that are not typically associated with a
wrong default gateway configuration.

3. Which of the following statement is wrong about information security?

a. warm replicate or clone them self's through infection
b. Password crack is a threat as malicious code is an attack
c. The goal of information security is to reduce risk
d. Worms and viruses also characterize a threat

ChatGPT
The wrong statement about information security is:
a. warm replicate or clone them self's through infection
Explanation:
 Option a contains grammatical errors and seems to describe the behavior of
malware, specifically worms, which replicate themselves through networks to
infect other systems. However, the term "warm" is likely a typo, and "them
self's" should be "themselves."
 Worms are indeed a type of malicious software (malware) that replicate
themselves and spread across networks, causing harm to systems.
 Options b, c, and d are all correct:
 Password cracking is a threat because it can lead to unauthorized
access to systems or accounts.
 Malicious code (like viruses and worms) is a type of attack that can
compromise the security and integrity of systems.
 The goal of information security is indeed to reduce risk by protecting
the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and
systems.
So, the incorrect statement is option a.
 4. Exactly why it's advised against using VLAN 1?
a. It shouldn't be used for security reasons
b. It cannot be routed via an SVI
c. It cannot participate in VTP transfers
d. It is not a production VLAN
ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
a. It shouldn't be used for security reasons
Explanation:
 VLAN 1 is the default VLAN on many switches and is often left in its default
configuration.
 Because VLAN 1 is widely known and commonly used as the default VLAN, it
is more susceptible to attacks such as VLAN hopping.
 VLAN hopping occurs when an attacker gains unauthorized access to traffic
on VLAN 1 and potentially other VLANs by exploiting vulnerabilities in switch
configurations.
 To enhance network security, it's recommended to avoid using VLAN 1 for
user data and to assign it to an unused or administrative purpose.
 Options b, c, and d are not reasons specifically against using VLAN 1:
 VLAN 1 can be routed via a Switch Virtual Interface (SVI) if configured
properly.
 VLAN 1 can participate in VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP) transfers if VTP
is enabled and configured appropriately.
 While VLAN 1 might not be commonly used in production environments
for user data due to security concerns, it is still a functional VLAN and
can be used for administrative purposes or as a management VLAN.

5. When a user turns on their desktop computer, nothing appears on the screen.
They hear three long beeps, followed by three short beeps and three long
beeps. What should you do as a next step?
a. Replace the motherboard
b. Look up the beep code on the manufacturer's website
c. Replace the CPU
d. Replace the RAM
ChatGPT
The correct next step in this scenario is:
b. Look up the beep code on the manufacturer's website
Explanation:
 The series of beeps you described is a beep code generated by the
computer's BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) during the Power On Self Test
(POST) process.
 Beep codes are used to indicate specific hardware problems that the BIOS
has detected during startup.
 Different manufacturers have different beep code sequences and meanings,
so the next step would be to consult the manufacturer's documentation or
website to interpret the meaning of the beep code.
 Once you have identified the meaning of the beep code, you can take
appropriate action to address the underlying hardware issue.
 Options a, c, and d involve replacing hardware components, but without
knowing the exact cause of the beep code, it would be premature to replace
any hardware. It's important to diagnose the issue accurately before taking
any further action.
6. is embedded in android by default and used to perform storing, manipulating,
or retrieving operations on android devices
a. MonogDB
b. Oracle
c. MySQL
d. SQLite

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
d. SQLite
Explanation:
 SQLite is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that is
embedded by default in Android devices.
 It is used to perform storing, manipulating, or retrieving operations on data
within Android applications.
  SQLite is lightweight, efficient, and doesn't require a separate server process,
making it an ideal choice for mobile applications where resources and
performance are important.
 Options a, b, and c (MongoDB, Oracle, and MySQL) are also databases, but
they are not embedded by default in Android devices. They are typically used
in server-side or enterprise environments rather than on mobile devices.

7. On the darker side of object-oriented design, which of the following risk or

issue must not be considered?
a. Paging behavior of running applications
b. Dynamic allocation and destruction of objects.
c. Encumbrance of classes
d. Users experience

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
d. Users experience
Explanation:
When considering risks or issues in object-oriented design, user experience is an
important factor to consider. However, in the context of this question, it's asking
about risks or issues that are on the "darker side" of object-oriented design,
implying problems or concerns within the technical aspects of design rather than
user-facing concerns.
Options a, b, and c are all technical aspects or concerns within object-oriented
design:
a. Paging behavior of running applications: This refers to how memory is managed
and accessed by running applications, which can be a concern for performance and
resource utilization.
b. Dynamic allocation and destruction of objects: This relates to memory
management and can lead to issues like memory leaks or fragmentation if not
handled properly.
c. Encumbrance of classes: This refers to the complexity or burden placed on
classes, which can lead to issues such as tight coupling, poor maintainability, or
scalability problems.
These technical issues can indeed be considered on the "darker side" of object-
oriented design as they can lead to various challenges and risks in software
development. However, user experience, while important, is not typically
categorized in the same way when discussing the technical aspects of design.

8. How are MAC addresses learned and associated to the switch port? a. Source
MAC address learning b. Destination MAC address learning C. Port
listen/learning d. Frame type learning
ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
a. Source MAC address learning
Explanation:
 Switches learn MAC addresses and associate them with specific switch ports
through a process called "source MAC address learning."
 When a switch receives a frame from a device on a particular port, it
examines the source MAC address in the frame's header.
 The switch then records this source MAC address along with the port on which
it was received in its MAC address table (also known as a MAC address
forwarding table or CAM table).
 Over time, as the switch receives frames from different devices on different
ports, it continues to update and populate its MAC address table.
 This process allows the switch to make forwarding decisions based on
destination MAC addresses, ensuring that frames are forwarded only to the
appropriate port where the destination device is connected.
 Options b, c, and d do not accurately describe the process by which MAC
addresses are learned and associated with switch ports.

9. When a user turns on their desktop computer, nothing appears on the screen.
They hear three long beeps, followed by three short beeps and three long
beeps. What should you do as a next step?
a. Replace the motherboard.
b. Look up the beep code on the manufacturer’s website
c. Replace the CPU
d. Replace the RAM

ChatGPT
The correct next step in this scenario is:
b. Look up the beep code on the manufacturer’s website
Explanation:
 The series of beeps described is a beep code, which is a way for the BIOS
(Basic Input/Output System) to communicate errors during the POST (Power-
On Self-Test) process.
 Different combinations of long and short beeps correspond to specific
hardware issues.
 Looking up the beep code on the manufacturer’s website or in the
motherboard's documentation will help identify the specific hardware
problem.
 Once you know the meaning of the beep code, you can take appropriate
action to address the underlying issue, whether it involves replacing faulty
hardware components or troubleshooting further.
 Options a, c, and d involve replacing hardware components, but without
knowing the exact cause of the beep code, it would be premature to replace
any hardware. It's important to diagnose the issue accurately before taking
any further action.

10.Which Internet standard organization is responsible for the overall

management and development of Internet standards?
a. ISO
b. IAB
c. IRTF
d. JEEE

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
b. IAB (Internet Architecture Board)
Explanation:
 The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is responsible for the overall
management and development of Internet standards.
 The IAB is a committee of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and
provides architectural oversight of the Internet protocols and standards.
 The IETF develops and maintains many of the protocols and standards that
form the basis of the Internet, with guidance from the IAB.
 Options a, c, and d are not responsible for the overall management and
development of Internet standards:
  ISO (International Organization for Standardization) develops standards in
various fields, including technology, but it is not specifically focused on
Internet standards.
 IRTF (Internet Research Task Force) is focused on research topics related to
the Internet, but it does not have the same role as the IAB in managing and
developing Internet standards.
 JEEE does not appear to be a recognized organization related to Internet
standards.

11.Which of the following is false to compiling and executing an app with

multiple classes?
a. The javac command can compile multiple classes at once
b. If the directory containing the app includes only one app's files, you can
compile all of its classes with the command javac *.java
c. The asterisk (*) in java.* indicates that all files in the current directory ending
with the filename extension ".java" should be compiled
d. Simply list the source-code filenames after the command with each filename
separated by a space from the next

ChatGPT
The false statement regarding compiling and executing an app with multiple classes
is:
c. The asterisk (*) in java. indicates that all files in the current directory ending with
the filename extension ".java" should be compiled.
Explanation:
 Option c is incorrect because the asterisk () wildcard is used in file patterns
to match multiple characters, but it does not work for package names like
"java.". The asterisk in a package name does not indicate all files in the
current directory. Instead, it represents a wildcard for subpackages under the
specified package. For example, "java.*" would match packages like
"java.lang", "java.util", etc., but it doesn't match files in the current directory.
 Options a, b, and d are all true:
 The javac command can compile multiple classes at once. You can
specify multiple source files as arguments to the javac command, and
it will compile them all.
 If the directory containing the app includes only one app's files, you
can compile all of its classes with the command javac *.java. This
 command compiles all files in the current directory ending with the
filename extension ".java".
 Simply listing the source-code filenames after the command with each
filename separated by a space from the next is a valid way to compile
multiple classes. You can compile multiple Java source files by listing
them after the javac command, separated by spaces.

12.The correct command used in Unix operating system to perform a backup is

a. zip
b. cpio
c. gzip
d. backup
ChatGPT
The correct command used in Unix operating systems to perform a backup is:
b. cpio
Explanation:
 The cpio command in Unix is commonly used for archiving files and
directories, making it suitable for creating backups.
 It can copy files into or out of a cpio or tar archive, or it can create a new
archive. It's often used in combination with other commands or utilities for
more advanced backup operations.
 Options a, c, and d are not typically used as backup commands:
 zip is used to compress files and create Zip archives, but it's not the
primary tool for creating backups in Unix.
 gzip is a compression utility used to compress individual files, but it
doesn't have built-in functionality for creating backups.
 There's no standard Unix command named backup for performing
backups.

13.What will be the output of the following program when the button is clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click Dim word, result As
String word = "Ethiopia" result = Rotate(word) result = Rotate(result & word)
result = Rotate(result) txtBox.Text = result End Sub Function Rotate(ByVal var
As String) As String Dim varlength As Integer varlength = var.Length Return
var.Substring(1) & var. Substring(0, 1) End Function a. iopiaEEthiopiaia b.
Ethiopia c. hiopiaEt d. Ethiopia Ethiopia
ChatGPT
Let's break down the code and see what happens when the button is clicked:
1. The btnDisplay_Click subroutine is triggered when the button is clicked.
2. It declares two variables word and result as strings and assigns the value
"Ethiopia" to word.
3. It then calls the Rotate function with the word as an argument and assigns
the returned value to result.
4. Inside the Rotate function, the first character of the input string is moved to
the end, effectively rotating the characters in the string.
5. The rotated word is concatenated with the original word, and the result is
passed to the Rotate function again. The same rotation operation is applied
to the concatenated string.
6. Finally, the rotated result is assigned to the txtBox.Text property, which
presumably displays the result in a text box.
Let's analyze the rotation process step by step:
 Step 1: "Ethiopia" -> "thiopiaE"
 Step 2: "thiopiaE" + "Ethiopia" -> "thiopiaEEthiopia"
 Step 3: "thiopiaEEthiopia" -> "hiopiaEEthiopia"
So, the output will be:
c. hiopiaEt
14.initializes app-wide resources.
a. Activity
b. MainActivity
c. activity_main.xml
d. AndroidManifest.xml

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
d. AndroidManifest.xml
Explanation:
  The AndroidManifest.xml file is a crucial component of an Android application
that contains essential information about the application and its components.
 It initializes app-wide resources and settings, such as permissions, activities,
services, intent filters, and more.
 It defines the structure of the application and provides essential metadata for
the Android system to understand and interact with the application.
 Options a, b, and c are related to specific components or files within an
Android application, but they do not directly initialize app-wide resources like
the AndroidManifest.xml file does.
15.For an Entity set Citizen, an attribute name „Address" consists of Street-
number, City, and Region. Such kind of attribute in a database is known as
a. Derived Attribute
b. Composite Attribute
c. Multi-Valued Attribute
d. Complex Attribute

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
b. Composite Attribute
Explanation:
 In a database, a composite attribute is an attribute that can be subdivided
into smaller parts, each representing a separate attribute.
 In the given scenario, the "Address" attribute is composed of smaller parts:
Street-number, City, and Region. Each of these parts represents a separate
attribute within the composite attribute "Address."
 Option a, Derived Attribute, refers to an attribute whose value can be derived
from other attributes within the database.
 Option c, Multi-Valued Attribute, refers to an attribute that can hold multiple
values for a single entity.
 Option d, Complex Attribute, is not a standard term used in database
modeling. Instead, "composite attribute" is the more commonly used term for
an attribute composed of smaller parts.

16.If you play music as a background (service), which of the following is not a
state in the service lifecycle?
a. Paused
b. Start
c. Destroyed
d. Running

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
b. Start
Explanation:
In the Android service lifecycle, the states include:
 Running: The service is actively running and performing its task.
 Paused: Services don't typically have a paused state. However, activities can
be paused, and the activity may be associated with a service. But the service
itself is not in a paused state.
 Destroyed: The service has been terminated or stopped.
 "Start" is not a state in the service lifecycle. Instead, it's an action that
initiates the service or starts its execution. Once started, the service
transitions through various states such as running, paused (if applicable), and
finally, destroyed when it's no longer needed or explicitly stopped.
17.Which of the following statements would alter the style of an anchor element
when the mouse is moved over it?
a. a:mouseover
b. a:link
c a:hover
d. a:beforeclick

ChatGPT
The correct statement that would alter the style of an anchor element when the
mouse is moved over it is:
c. a:hover
Explanation:
 The :hover pseudo-class in CSS is used to apply styles to an element when
the mouse pointer is hovering over it.
 In the case of an anchor element (<a>), using a:hover in CSS allows you to
define styles that will be applied when the mouse is moved over the anchor
element.
  Option a (a:mouseover) is not a valid CSS pseudo-class. The correct pseudo-
class for mouseover events is :hover.
 Option b (a:link) refers to the default state of an anchor element for links that
have not been visited.
 Option d (a:beforeclick) is not a valid pseudo-class in CSS. There is no
pseudo-class for before clicking an element.

18.You are choosing an optical drive format for a client. Which optical disc format
supports a data capacity of 25 GB?
a. Single-sided, single-layer Blu-ray Disc
b. Double-sided, double-layer DVD+R
c. Double-sided, single-layer DVD-R
d. Double-sided, single-layer DVD+R

ChatGPT
The optical disc format that supports a data capacity of 25 GB is:
a. Single-sided, single-layer Blu-ray Disc
Explanation:
 Blu-ray Discs are optical discs that offer high-capacity storage for both video
and data.
 Single-sided, single-layer Blu-ray Discs have a data capacity of 25 GB.
 Double-sided, double-layer DVD+R discs typically have a capacity of 8.5 GB
per side, totaling 17 GB for both sides.
 Double-sided, single-layer DVD-R and DVD+R discs have a capacity of 9.4 GB,
which is less than 25 GB.
 Therefore, option a is the correct choice for a 25 GB capacity optical disc
format.

19.What will be the possible built-in functions to be used to checking the age
value to be numeric and greater than 18 and displays an alert message "Not
 eligible to vote" if any of the above mentioned validations are false? a. alert(),
isNaN(),parseInt() b. alert(), document.write(), isNaN() c. alert(),
document.write(), isNull(),parseInt() d. alert(), isNumeric(), isNull(),parseInt()

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
a. alert(), isNaN(), parseInt()
Explanation:
 alert(): This function is used to display an alert message to the user.
 isNaN(): This function is used to check if a value is NaN (Not-a-Number). It
can be used to validate whether the age value is numeric or not.
 parseInt(): This function is used to parse a string and return an integer. It
can be used to convert the age value from a string to an integer for
comparison purposes.

20.Therefore, option a is the correct choice for checking the age value to be
numeric and greater than 18 and displaying an alert message if any of the
validations fail.
Choose the correct option to display list of an item as shown below
iii. Candy
iv. Chocolate
v. Ice cream
a. <ul type="i" start=3><li>Candy</li> <li>Chocolate </li> <li>Ice
cream</li></ul>
b. <ol type="i"> <li value=3>Candy</li> <li>Chocolate</li> <li>Ice
cream</li> </ol>
c. <ul type="i"> <li value=3>Candy</li> <li>Chocolate</li> <li>Ice
cream</li></ul>
d. <ol start=3><li>Candy</li> <li>Chocolate</li> <li>Ice cream</li> </ol>

ChatGPT
The correct option to display a list of items as shown below is:
a. <ul type="i" start=3><li>Candy</li> <li>Chocolate </li> <li>Ice
cream</li></ul>
Explanation:
 <ul>: This is the tag used to create an unordered list.
 type="i": This attribute specifies that the list items should be displayed with
Roman numerals.
 start=3: This attribute specifies the starting value of the list items. In this
case, the list items will start with the value iii (3 in Roman numerals).
 <li>: This is the tag used to create list items.
 Each <li> tag represents an item in the list.

Therefore, option a is the correct choice to display the list of items as shown in the
example.

21.Which property is used to make the text bold?

a. font-weight:bold
b. style:bold
c. font-style:bold
d. font:b

ChatGPT
The correct property used to make the text bold is:
a. font-weight:bold
Explanation:
 The font-weight property in CSS is used to specify the weight or boldness of
the font.
 When set to bold, it makes the text bold.
 Option b (style:bold) is not a valid CSS property for making text bold.
 Option c (font-style:bold) is incorrect because the font-style property is
used to specify italic or normal font styles, not bold.
 Option d (font:b) is also incorrect as it's not a valid shorthand notation for
specifying font properties in CSS.
Therefore, option a is the correct choice to make the text bold using CSS.
 22.One is a relational algebra operation specifically developed for a relational
database
a. Set difference
b. Intersection
c. Union
d. Select

ChatGPT
The relational algebra operation specifically developed for a relational database is:
d. Select
Explanation:
 In relational algebra, the Select operation is used to select tuples from a
relation (table) that satisfy a specified condition or predicate.
 It is analogous to the SQL SELECT statement used in relational database
management systems (RDBMS) to retrieve data from tables based on
specified criteria.
 Options a, b, and c (Set difference, Intersection, Union) are also
fundamental operations in relational algebra, but they are not unique to
relational databases. They are used to perform set operations on relations,
which are collections of tuples.
23.is a diagram that used to trace the execution of a scenario in the same
context as an object diagram.
a. Interaction diagram
b. Class Diagram
c. Visibility diagram
d. Data flow diagram

ChatGPT
The diagram used to trace the execution of a scenario in the same context as an
object diagram is:
a. Interaction diagram
Explanation:
  An interaction diagram, such as a sequence diagram or a communication
diagram, illustrates the interactions between objects or components in a
system to accomplish a specific task or scenario.
 In an interaction diagram, the flow of messages or method calls between
objects is depicted over time, allowing for a visualization of the sequence of
events during the execution of a scenario.
 Object diagrams, on the other hand, show a snapshot of the relationships
between objects at a particular moment in time, but they do not depict the
sequence of interactions between objects during the execution of a scenario.
 Options b (Class Diagram), c (Visibility diagram), and d (Data flow
diagram) are not specifically related to tracing the execution of a scenario in
the same context as an object diagram. They represent different types of
diagrams used in software engineering for different purposes.

24.You can use the modifier to prevent the data and methods from being
accessed by non-subclasses from a different package.
a. Final
b. Super
c. Protected
d. Public

ChatGPT
The modifier used to prevent data and methods from being accessed by non-
subclasses from a different package is:
c. Protected
Explanation:
 The protected access modifier in Java allows the data (fields) and methods
of a class to be accessed only by subclasses (inheritors) within the same
package or in different packages.
 Classes with protected members can be accessed by subclasses, even if the
subclasses are in different packages, but they cannot be accessed by non-
subclasses from outside the package.
 Option a (final) is incorrect because the final modifier is used to make a
field, method, or class immutable or unchangeable, not to restrict access.
 Option b (super) is incorrect because the super keyword is used to refer to
the superclass of the current object or to call methods from the superclass,
but it does not restrict access to members.
  Option d (public) is incorrect because the public modifier allows unrestricted
access to the data and methods from any other class in any package.

25.Which of the following is not e-commerce applications?

a. CubeCart
b. Wordpress
c. Durpel e-commerce
d. Magento

ChatGPT
The option that is not an e-commerce application is:
b. Wordpress
Explanation:
 Wordpress is a popular content management system (CMS) primarily used for
creating blogs and websites. While it can support e-commerce functionality
through plugins like WooCommerce, it is not specifically built as an e-
commerce application.
 CubeCart, Durpel e-commerce, and Magento are all examples of e-commerce
applications or platforms designed specifically for creating and managing
online stores.
 CubeCart is an open-source e-commerce platform.
 Durpel e-commerce is an open-source content management system (CMS)
with e-commerce capabilities.
 Magento is a widely-used open-source e-commerce platform developed by
Adobe.

26.The output of the following PHP code will be

$user = array("Apple", "Banana", "Mango", "Orange");
for ($x=0; $x < count($user); $x++) {
if ($user[$x] == "Mango") continue;
printf ($user[$x]);
}
a. AppleBanana
 b. MangoOrange
c. Mango
d. AppleBananaOrange

ChatGPT
The output of the given PHP code will be:
d. AppleBananaOrange
Explanation:
 The code iterates through each element of the $user array using a for loop.
 Inside the loop, it checks if the current element is equal to "Mango".
 If the current element is "Mango", the continue statement skips the rest of
the loop iteration and moves to the next iteration.
 If the current element is not "Mango", it prints the element using printf.
 Therefore, the elements "Apple", "Banana", and "Orange" will be printed, and
"Mango" will be skipped.
 The output will be "AppleBananaOrange".
27.Which of the following is true when you analyze the relationship between
superclass and subclasses?
a. A subclass can access the members of its superclass, and it can also access
non-private members.
b. A superclass method can be overridden in a subclass to declare an
appropriate implementation for the subclass.
c. Every object of a superclass is also an object of that class"s subclass.
However, a superclass object is not an object of its class"s subclasses
d. A subclass cannot invoke a constructor of its superclass by using the keyword
super, followed by a set of parentheses containing the superclass constructor
arguments. This must appear as the first statement in the subclass constructor"s
body.

ChatGPT
The statement that is true when analyzing the relationship between a superclass
and its subclasses is:
b. A superclass method can be overridden in a subclass to declare an appropriate
implementation for the subclass.
Explanation:
 In object-oriented programming, inheritance allows a subclass to inherit
methods and fields from its superclass.
 Method overriding is a feature that allows a subclass to provide a specific
implementation of a method that is already defined in its superclass.
 By overriding a method in a subclass, you can customize the behavior of that
method for instances of the subclass.
 Options a, c, and d contain incorrect statements:
 Option a is incorrect because a subclass can access the members of its
superclass, including non-private members, through inheritance.
 Option c is incorrect because every object of a subclass is also an
object of its superclass, but not necessarily vice versa. Objects of a
superclass are not automatically objects of its subclasses.
 Option d is incorrect because a subclass can invoke a constructor of its
superclass using the keyword super, followed by a set of parentheses
containing the superclass constructor arguments. However, if used, it
must appear as the first statement in the subclass constructor's body.

28.All of the following are protection techniques against SQL injection, except
a. Using parameterized statements
b. Input validation
c. Function security
d. Database fingerprinting

ChatGPT
The protection technique against SQL injection among the given options is:
c. Function security
Explanation:
 SQL injection is a type of attack where an attacker injects malicious SQL code
into input fields of an application, exploiting vulnerabilities to access or
manipulate the database.
 Protection techniques against SQL injection include:
 Using parameterized statements: Parameterized queries use
placeholders for input values, preventing attackers from injecting
malicious SQL code.
  Input validation: Validating user input to ensure it conforms to
expected formats or ranges helps prevent injection attacks by rejecting
invalid input.
 Database fingerprinting: This technique involves identifying the type
and version of the database system in use, which can help in
determining potential vulnerabilities and mitigating them.
 Option c, "Function security," is not directly related to protection against SQL
injection. Function security typically refers to securing functions within an
application, such as authentication or authorization functions, to prevent
unauthorized access or misuse. While it is an important security measure, it
is not specifically targeted at preventing SQL injection attacks.

29.a project management methodology uses an iterative software development

process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best
practices to all team members. a. Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) b.
Theory of Constraints (TOC) c. Tracking Gantt chart d. Rational Unified
Process (RUP) framework

ChatGPT
The project management methodology described in the scenario is:
d. Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework
Explanation:
 The Rational Unified Process (RUP) framework is an iterative software
development methodology that focuses on team productivity and delivering
software best practices to all team members.
 RUP is based on industry best practices, including iterative development,
architecture-centric approach, and continuous integration.
 It emphasizes collaboration among team members, stakeholder involvement,
and managing project risks effectively.
 Options a, b, and c are not methodologies specifically known for focusing on
team productivity and delivering software best practices:
 Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) is a tool used to track and
manage requirements throughout the software development lifecycle,
but it is not a project management methodology.
 Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy that aims to
improve system performance by identifying and addressing
bottlenecks (constraints), but it is not specific to software
development.
  Tracking Gantt chart is a visual representation of project tasks and
their progress over time, but it is not a project management
methodology focused on iterative software development and team
productivity like RUP.

30.What conclusions can you draw about the interface or node from the
following exhibit? Switchesh interfaces fastEthernet 0/1 FastEthernet0/1 is
down, line protocol is down (disabled) Hardware is Lance, address is
000a.f36c.1501 (bia 000a.f36c.1501) output cut] [ 956 packets input, 193351
bytes, o no buffer Received 956 broadcasts, e runts, e giants, o throttles input
errors, O CRC, o frame, e overrun, 0 ignored, abort 6 watchdog, multicast, o
pause input 0 Input packets with dribble condition detected 2357 packets
output, 263570 bytes, underruns 0 output errors, e collisions, 10 interface
resets babbles, late collision, e deferred O lost carrier, O no carrier output
buffer failures, o output buffers swapped out a. The cable is disconnected for
the node b. The interface is operating nominally c. The interface is shut down
d. The interface is negotiated at half-duplex

ChatGPT
Based on the provided exhibit, the conclusion that can be drawn about the interface
or node is:
c. The interface is shut down
Explanation:
 The line "FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down (disabled)" indicates
that the interface FastEthernet0/1 is currently disabled or shut down.
 The line protocol being down suggests that the interface is not operational.
 This could be due to administrative configuration, where the interface has
been manually shut down.
 Options a, b, and d are not supported by the provided information:
 Option a ("The cable is disconnected for the node") cannot be
determined solely from the information provided.
 Option b ("The interface is operating nominally") is contradicted by the
information indicating that the interface is down and disabled.
 Option d ("The interface is negotiated at half-duplex") does not provide
information about the duplex configuration of the interface.
 31.Select the ultimate goal of risk identification. a. Identify and inventory asset
b. Specify assets vulnerability to the threat c. Classify and prioritize assets d.
Identify and prioritize assets

ChatGPT
The ultimate goal of risk identification is:
d. Identify and prioritize assets
Explanation:
 Risk identification involves identifying and documenting potential risks that
could impact an organization's assets, operations, or objectives.
 The ultimate goal of risk identification is to identify and prioritize assets
based on their importance to the organization.
 Once assets are identified and prioritized, the organization can better
understand which risks pose the greatest threats and allocate resources
accordingly to mitigate those risks.
 Options a, b, and c are steps within the risk identification process, but they
are not the ultimate goal. The ultimate goal is to identify and prioritize assets
to effectively manage risks.

32.refers a property of computer to run several operation simultaneously and

possible as computers await response of each other. a. Recovery b. Backup c.
Deadlock d. Concurrency

ChatGPT
The property of a computer to run several operations simultaneously and possibly
as computers await the response of each other is referred to as:
d. Concurrency
Explanation:
 Concurrency is the ability of a computer system to execute multiple tasks or
processes simultaneously.
 In a concurrent system, multiple tasks or processes may run concurrently,
allowing for improved performance and efficiency by utilizing the available
resources effectively.
 Concurrent programming involves designing and implementing software
systems that can handle multiple tasks concurrently, often using techniques
such as multithreading or multiprocessing.
  Options a (Recovery), b (Backup), and c (Deadlock) are unrelated to the
property of running multiple operations simultaneously. Recovery refers to
restoring a system after a failure, backup refers to copying data for
preservation, and deadlock refers to a situation where two or more processes
are unable to proceed because each is waiting for the other to release a
resource.
33.The aim of query optimization is
a. to choose an efficient execution strategy that minimizes resource usage.
b. to check that the query is syntactically and semantically correct
C. to transform a query written in a high-level language (SQL) into a low-level
language (the relational algebra)
d. query cannot be optimized

ChatGPT
The aim of query optimization is:
a. to choose an efficient execution strategy that minimizes resource usage.
Explanation:
 Query optimization refers to the process of selecting the most efficient
execution plan for a given query.
 The goal is to minimize resource usage, such as CPU time, memory, and disk
I/O, while still producing the correct results in a timely manner.
 Various optimization techniques, such as index selection, join ordering, and
access path selection, are used to achieve this goal.
 Option b ("to check that the query is syntactically and semantically correct")
describes query validation, which is a separate step from optimization.
 Option c ("to transform a query written in a high-level language (SQL) into a
low-level language (the relational algebra)") describes query translation,
which is also distinct from optimization.
 Option d ("query cannot be optimized") is incorrect because most queries can
be optimized to some extent to improve performance.

34.The Properties window plays an important role in the development of Visual

Basic applications. It is mainly used
a. to allow the developer to graphically design program components.
 b. to change how objects look and feel.
c. to set program related options like Program Name, Program Location, etc.
d. when opening programs stored on a hard drive.

ChatGPT
The Properties window in Visual Basic plays an important role mainly:
b. to change how objects look and feel.
Explanation:
 The Properties window in Visual Basic allows developers to view and modify
the properties of selected objects or controls in a project.
 Developers can use the Properties window to change various attributes of
objects, such as their appearance, behavior, size, position, and other
properties.
 It provides a convenient interface for modifying properties without the need
to write code manually.
 While option a ("to allow the developer to graphically design program
components") is true to some extent, it focuses more on modifying properties
than designing program components from scratch.
 Option c ("to set program-related options like Program Name, Program
Location, etc.") is not typically done through the Properties window in Visual
Basic. Such settings are usually configured in project settings or properties
files.
 Option d ("when opening programs stored on a hard drive") is unrelated to
the function of the Properties window in Visual Basic.

35.Which SQL statement enforces referential integrity during physical database

design? a. FOREIGN KEY (ID) REFERENCES Table_name(ID) b. PRIMARY KEY
(ID) c. ID CHAR(90) NOT NULL d. UNIQUE (ID)

ChatGPT
The SQL statement that enforces referential integrity during physical database
design is:
a. FOREIGN KEY (ID) REFERENCES Table_name(ID)
Explanation:
  In SQL, the FOREIGN KEY constraint is used to enforce referential integrity
between two tables.
 By specifying FOREIGN KEY (ID) REFERENCES Table_name(ID), you are
declaring that the values in the ID column of the current table (the
referencing table) must match the values in the ID column of the referenced
table (Table_name).
 This ensures that every value in the referencing table's ID column
corresponds to a valid value in the referenced table's ID column, thereby
enforcing referential integrity.
 Options b, c, and d are not specifically related to enforcing referential
integrity:
 Option b defines a PRIMARY KEY constraint, which ensures uniqueness
and identifies each record uniquely in a table but does not enforce
referential integrity.
 Option c defines a column with a data type of CHAR(90) and specifies
that it cannot contain NULL values, but it does not enforce referential
integrity.
 Option d defines a UNIQUE constraint, which ensures that all values in
a column are unique but does not enforce referential integrity between
tables.

36.Which of the following class serves as the superclass for all exception type
classes?
a. RuntimeExceptions
b. Throwable
c. Catchable
d. String

ChatGPT
The class that serves as the superclass for all exception type classes is:
b. Throwable
Explanation:
 In Java, the Throwable class is the superclass for all exception types.
  All exception classes, including both checked exceptions (subclasses of
Exception) and unchecked exceptions (subclasses of RuntimeException),
ultimately inherit from the Throwable class.
 The Throwable class provides methods for retrieving information about an
exception, such as its message, cause, and stack trace.
 Options a, c, and d are incorrect:
 Option a ("RuntimeExceptions") is not a valid class in Java. The correct
name is "RuntimeException" (without the 's').
 Option c ("Catchable") is not a class in Java. It is not related to
exception handling.
 Option d ("String") is a class in Java, but it is not the superclass for
exception type classes.
37.Which firewall is the most popular on Linux?
a. ipchains
b. Iptables
c. ipfw
d. pf

ChatGPT
The most popular firewall on Linux is:
b. Iptables
Explanation:
 iptables is a user-space utility program that allows a system administrator to
configure the IP packet filter rules of the Linux kernel firewall, implemented
as different Netfilter modules.
 It is the successor to ipchains and is the default firewall configuration tool for
many Linux distributions.
 Options a ("ipchains"), c ("ipfw"), and d ("pf") are also firewall-related
technologies, but they are not as commonly used on Linux systems as
iptables. ipchains was a predecessor to iptables, ipfw is primarily used on
FreeBSD systems, and pf (Packet Filter) is used on OpenBSD systems.

38.use CSS specificity mechanism to the style that determine what color is
applied to p element
 p.message {color: green;}
#home #warning p.message (color: yellow; }
body#home div#warning p.message {color: blue; }
#warning p.message {color: white; }
a. Green
b. Black
c. Yellow
d. Blue

ChatGPT
To determine the color applied to the p element with class message, we need to
evaluate the specificity of the CSS selectors:
1. p.message {color: green;} - Specificity: 0,1,1,0 (element: 1, class: 1, ID: 0,
inline: 0)
2. #home #warning p.message {color: yellow;} - Specificity: 0,2,0,0
(element: 0, class: 0, ID: 2, inline: 0)
3. body#home div#warning p.message {color: blue;} - Specificity: 0,3,2,0
(element: 1, class: 0, ID: 2, inline: 0)
4. #warning p.message {color: white;} - Specificity: 0,1,1,0 (element: 1,
class: 1, ID: 0, inline: 0)
The CSS rule with the highest specificity will determine the color applied to the p
element:
 Rule 3 has the highest specificity (0,3,2,0) because it has more ID selectors
(#home and #warning) compared to the other rules.
 Therefore, the color applied to the p element will be blue.
So, the correct answer is:
d. Blue
39.is a built in function that return lower bound of an array.
a. BRbound()
b. LRbound()
c. Lbound()
d. Lowbound()
ChatGPT
The built-in function that returns the lower bound of an array is:
c. Lbound()

40.Which one of the following model is not used for to improving quality in
software development projects and project management?
a. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
b. Project management maturity models
c. Software Quality Function Deployment
d. Capability Maturity Model Integration

ChatGPT
The model that is not used for improving quality in software development projects
and project management is:
a. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Explanation:
 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment tool used
to identify personality preferences and psychological types of individuals. It is
not specifically designed for improving quality in software development
projects or project management.
 Project management maturity models (option b), Software Quality Function
Deployment (option c), and Capability Maturity Model Integration (option d)
are all models commonly used for improving quality in software development
projects and project management.
 Project management maturity models assess and improve the maturity level
of project management processes within an organization.
 Software Quality Function Deployment is a quality management technique
used to ensure that customer requirements are met throughout the software
development process.
 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is a framework used to assess
and improve the maturity level of an organization's processes across various
disciplines, including software development and project management.
 41.What command will enable you to view the router's active NAT translations?
a. Router#show nat translations
b. Router#show translations nat
c. Router#show ip nat translations
d. Router#debug ip nat translations

ChatGPT
The command to enable you to view the router's active NAT translations is:
c. Router#show ip nat translations
42.What command may be used to alter the default permissions for files and
directories when they are created?
a. Chgrp
b. Chown
c. Umask
d. Chmod

ChatGPT
The command that may be used to alter the default permissions for files and
directories when they are created is:
c. Umask

43.What dynamic routing protocol has the least amount of overhead??

a. RIP
b. BGP
c. OSPF
d. EIGRP

ChatGPT
Among the given options, the dynamic routing protocol that has the least amount of
overhead is:
a. RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
Explanation:
 RIP is a distance vector routing protocol that uses a simple algorithm and has
relatively low overhead compared to other dynamic routing protocols.
 It exchanges routing information periodically (typically every 30 seconds)
with neighboring routers using small routing update packets.
 RIP has a straightforward metric (hop count) and is suitable for small to
medium-sized networks with simple topologies.
 Options b, c, and d (BGP, OSPF, EIGRP) generally have more overhead
compared to RIP:
 BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is a path vector routing protocol used
primarily for routing between autonomous systems (ASes) on the
Internet. It involves complex path selection and updates.
 OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol that
maintains detailed topology information and performs complex
calculations to determine the best routes. It is commonly used in large
enterprise networks.
 EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco
proprietary advanced distance vector routing protocol with features
such as rapid convergence, partial updates, and support for multiple
routed protocols. It generally has more overhead compared to RIP.

44.Which statement explains Java identifier correctly? a. A Java identifier must

begin with a letter of the English alphabet,
a non-English letter (such as a or π), digit, an underscore, or a dollar sign.
b. A Java identifier can contain only letters, digits, underscores, or dollar signs.
c. A Java identifier cannot be one of the following values: public or private. These
are primitive values, but they are reserved and cannot be used
d. A Java identifier cannot be a reserved keyword, such as true, false or null.

ChatGPT
The statement that explains Java identifier correctly is:
a. A Java identifier must begin with a letter of the English alphabet, a non-English
letter (such as α or π), digit, an underscore, or a dollar sign.
Explanation:
  In Java, an identifier is a name given to a class, method, variable, or other
programming element.
 A Java identifier must start with a letter (uppercase or lowercase), a non-
English letter, digit, underscore (_), or dollar sign ($).
 Subsequent characters in the identifier can include letters, digits,
underscores, or dollar signs.
 Option b is incorrect because it states that a Java identifier can contain only
letters, digits, underscores, or dollar signs, which is not true as the first
character can also be a non-English letter or a digit.
 Option c is incorrect because it provides inaccurate information about the
values that cannot be identifiers. "public" and "private" are not primitive
values; they are access modifiers and are indeed reserved keywords, but they
can still be used as identifiers in certain contexts.
 Option d is incorrect because it states that a Java identifier cannot be a
reserved keyword, which is not entirely true. While it's not recommended to
use reserved keywords as identifiers, it is technically allowed in some cases.
However, it is best practice to avoid using reserved keywords as identifiers to
prevent confusion and potential errors.
45.What is the most common reason for an unexpected reboot?
a. Memory leak
b. Overheating
c. RFI
d. ESD damage

ChatGPT
The most common reason for an unexpected reboot is:
b. Overheating
Explanation:
 Overheating is a common cause of unexpected reboots in computers and
electronic devices.
 When a system overheats, it can trigger thermal protection mechanisms that
cause the system to shut down or reboot to prevent damage to internal
components.
 Overheating can occur due to various reasons, such as inadequate cooling,
dust accumulation, overclocking, or excessive CPU/GPU usage.
  Options a (Memory leak), c (RFI - Radio Frequency Interference), and d (ESD
damage - Electrostatic Discharge damage) are less common causes of
unexpected reboots compared to overheating. Memory leaks may cause
performance degradation over time but typically do not result in sudden
reboots. RFI and ESD damage are external factors that are less likely to
directly cause a system reboot.
46.is a set of instructions that cause a site's security policy to be violated.
a. Worm
b. Malicious logic
c. Virus
d. Adware

ChatGPT
The set of instructions that cause a site's security policy to be violated is commonly
referred to as:
b. Malicious logic
Explanation:
 Malicious logic refers to any code, script, or set of instructions designed to
compromise the security or integrity of a system or network.
 This can include various types of malware such as viruses, worms, trojans,
spyware, adware, and ransomware.
 Malicious logic can be used to bypass security measures, steal sensitive
information, disrupt operations, or gain unauthorized access to systems or
networks.
 While options a (Worm), c (Virus), and d (Adware) are specific types of
malware, they are all examples of malicious logic as they are designed to
violate security policies and cause harm to computer systems or networks.

47.Which of the following is not an OOPS idea?

a. Abstraction
b. Polymorphism
c. Encapsulation
d. Exception
ChatGPT
The concept that is not directly related to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is:
d. Exception
Explanation:
 Abstraction, Polymorphism, and Encapsulation are fundamental concepts of
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP).
 Abstraction refers to the process of hiding the implementation details and
showing only the essential features of an object.
 Polymorphism allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a
common superclass, enabling flexibility and reusability in code.
 Encapsulation refers to bundling the data and methods that operate on the
data into a single unit (class), providing control over access to the data.
 Exception handling is a programming concept used to handle errors or
exceptional situations that occur during program execution. While it is
commonly used in OOP languages, it is not considered one of the core OOP
principles or ideas like abstraction, polymorphism, and encapsulation.

48.A certificate Authority signs the digital certificate with

a. User's private key
b. Its Own public key
c. Its Own private key
d. User's public key

ChatGPT
A Certificate Authority signs the digital certificate with:
c. Its Own private key
Explanation:
 A Certificate Authority (CA) signs digital certificates using its own private key.
 When a CA signs a digital certificate, it creates a digital signature using its
private key, which can be verified by anyone using the CA's public key.
 The CA's public key is widely distributed and used by clients to verify the
authenticity and integrity of digital certificates issued by the CA.
  Option a (User's private key) is incorrect because the user's private key is
used for creating a digital signature when the user signs a message or data,
not when a CA signs a digital certificate.
 Option b (Its Own public key) is incorrect because the CA does not sign
certificates with its own public key. Instead, it signs them with its private key.
 Option d (User's public key) is incorrect because the user's public key is
contained within the digital certificate, but it is not used by the CA to sign the
certificate.

49.It’s possible to have several methods with the same name that each operate
on different type or numbers of arguments. This feature is called method
a. expression
b. overflow
c. activation
d. overloading

ChatGPT
The feature that allows having several methods with the same name that each
operate on different types or numbers of arguments is called method:
d. overloading
50.After renaming VLAN 3, you wish to now, double-check your changes. How
will you validate the name change using a command?
a. Switch#show run
b. Switch#show interface vlan 3
c. Switch#show vlans
d. Switch#show vlan id 3

ChatGPT
To validate the name change of VLAN 3 using a command, you would use:
d. Switch#show vlan id 3
Explanation:
 This command specifically displays information about the VLAN with the ID 3,
including its name.
  By running this command, you can verify if the name change for VLAN 3 has
been successfully applied.
 Option a (Switch#show run) displays the current running configuration of the
switch, including VLAN configurations, but it may not specifically show the
name change of VLAN 3 without filtering.
 Option b (Switch#show interface vlan 3) displays information about the
interface associated with VLAN 3, but it does not directly show the VLAN
name.
 Option c (Switch#show vlans) displays a summary of VLAN information, but it
may not specifically show the name change of VLAN 3 without filtering.

51.Based on object-oriented application, which one of the following is a part of

the notation of object-oriented design, used to show the allocation of
processes to processors in the physical design of a system?
a. real-time process
b. process architecture
c. process diagram
d. reactive process

ChatGPT
Based on object-oriented application, the part of the notation of object-oriented
design used to show the allocation of processes to processors in the physical design
of a system is:
b. process architecture

52.A mapping cardinality where, an entity A is associated with at most one entity
in B and an entity in B however, can be associated with any number (zero or
more) of entities in A.
a. ONE TO ONE
b. MANY to MANY
c. MANY TO ONE
d. ONE TO MANY
ChatGPT
The mapping cardinality described, where an entity A is associated with at most one
entity in B, and an entity in B can be associated with any number (zero or more) of
entities in A, corresponds to:
d. ONE TO MANY
53.is a powerful tool of object-oriented analysis; and can be used to drive the
process of classical analysis, behavior analysis, and Learning Domainanalysis.
a. Measurement
b. Documentation
c. Scenarios
d. Hierarchy

ChatGPT
The powerful tool of object-oriented analysis that can be used to drive the process
of classical analysis, behavior analysis, and Learning Domain analysis is:
c. Scenarios

54.One of the following is a reason that the Ethernet protocol uses physical
addresses?
a. It creates a differentiation between layer 2 and layer 3 communications.
b. It defines a logical address scheme for devices.
c. It allows the node to decide if the device is remote or local.
d. It uniquely identifies devices at layer 2.

ChatGPT
The reason that the Ethernet protocol uses physical addresses is:
d. It uniquely identifies devices at layer 2.
Explanation:
 Physical addresses, also known as MAC addresses, are used in Ethernet to
uniquely identify devices at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model.
 These addresses are burned into the network interface card (NIC) of each
device and provide a means for devices to communicate directly on the local
network segment.
  Logical addresses, such as IP addresses, are used at layer 3 (network layer)
for network communication across different networks.
 Option a is incorrect because the differentiation between layer 2 and layer 3
communications is not directly related to the use of physical addresses.
 Option b is incorrect because Ethernet does not define a logical address
scheme; that is typically done at higher layers of the OSI model, such as with
IP addresses.
 Option c is incorrect because physical addresses do not inherently allow a
node to determine if a device is remote or local; that determination is
typically made based on network configuration and routing tables.

55.Data downloaded to devices is done by

a. File
b. Fragment
c. Broadcast Receivers
d. Event

ChatGPT
Data downloaded to devices is typically done using:
a. File
Considering the following Java code, choose the code execution result?
Class newthread implments Runnable
{
Thread t
newthread()
{
t = new Thread(this, "Advanced Programing");
t.start();
}
}
Class multithread_programing
{
Public static void main(String args[])
{
new newthread();
}
}
a. Compilation Error
b. Runtime Error
c. Thread[My Thread,5,main]
d. Advanced Programming

56.Considering the following Java code, choose the code execution result?
Class newthread implments Runnable {
Thread t newthread() {
t = new Thread(this, "Advanced Programing");
t.start();
}
}
Class multithread_programing {
Public static void main(String args[]) {
new newthread();
}
}
a. Compilation Error
b. Runtime Error
c. Thread[My Thread,5,main]
d. Advanced Programming

ChatGPT
The given Java code has a couple of syntax errors and would result in a compilation
error:
a. Compilation Error
57.What will be the output of the following program when the button is clicked?
Private Sub btnDisplay_Click(...) Handles btnDisplay.Click Dim number As
Double = 3 DoubleAndSquare(number) txtBox.Text = CStr(number) End Sub
Sub DoubleAndSquare(ByRef myVar As Double) myVar = myVar + myVar
myVar = myVar * myVar
a. 0
b. 6
c. 3
d. 36

ChatGPT
In the given program, the value of the variable number is doubled and then
squared in the DoubleAndSquare subroutine. Since the variable number is
passed by reference, the changes made to it inside the subroutine will affect its
value outside the subroutine as well.
Initially, number is assigned the value 3. After calling the DoubleAndSquare
subroutine, the following operations are performed:
1. Doubling: number becomes 3 + 3 = 6
2. Squaring: number becomes 6 * 6 = 36
Therefore, the value of number after executing the subroutine is 36.
So, the correct output is:
d. 36
58.What is the correct statement when declaring and assigning the value of 100
to an Integer variable called num?
a. Dim num = Int(100)
b. Dim num As Integer = 100
c. num = 100
d. Dim num = 10

ChatGPT
The correct statement when declaring and assigning the value of 100 to an Integer
variable called num is:
b. Dim num As Integer = 100
Explanation:
 Option a (Dim num = Int(100)) is incorrect because it uses the Int function,
which returns the integer part of a number. However, in this case, it's not
necessary to use the Int function to assign an integer value to the variable
num.
 Option c (num = 100) is incorrect because it assumes that the variable num
has already been declared and does not specify the data type explicitly.
 Option d (Dim num = 10) is incorrect because it assigns the value of 10 to the
variable num, which is different from the requirement of assigning the value
of 100.
 Option b (Dim num As Integer = 100) is the correct statement as it declares
an Integer variable named num and initializes it with the value of 100.

59.What annotation is valid in the place of? mark in the fragment of code shown
below? interface Test { ? ("SELECT * FROM test WHERE id=(:id)") suspend fun
getTest(id: UUID): Test
a. @Query
b. @Select
c. @Update
d. @Insert

ChatGPT
In the provided code fragment, the correct annotation to replace the "?" mark in
order to define a SQL query for the suspending function is:
a. @Query
Explanation:
 In Kotlin with Room, the @Query annotation is used to define SQL queries for
DAO (Data Access Object) methods.
 This annotation allows you to specify custom SQL queries that Room will
execute when the DAO method is called.
 In Java with Room, the equivalent annotation to define a SQL query for a DAO
method is @Query.
So, the correct annotation in Java with Room to replace the "?" mark in the code
fragment would also be:
a. @Query

60.is the concept of defining real world objects in terms of classes or interfaces.
a. Polymorphism
b. Encapsulation
c. Abstraction
d. Inheritance

ChatGPT
The concept of defining real-world objects in terms of classes or interfaces is:
c. Abstraction
Explanation:
 Abstraction is one of the core principles of object-oriented programming
(OOP).
 It involves simplifying complex systems by modeling them using abstract
representations of real-world objects.
 Classes and interfaces in OOP serve as blueprints or templates for creating
objects. They define the properties (attributes) and behaviors (methods) of
objects.
 By defining classes and interfaces, developers abstract away the
implementation details of real-world objects and focus on essential
characteristics.
 Polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance are also fundamental concepts
in OOP, but they are not specifically related to the act of defining real-world
objects in terms of classes or interfaces.

61.Which of the following array methods combines two arrays?

a. Join
b. Split
c. Combine
d. concat

ChatGPT
The array method that combines two arrays is:
d. concat
Explanation:
 The concat() method in JavaScript is used to merge two or more arrays.
 It does not modify the original arrays; instead, it returns a new array
containing elements from both arrays.
 The syntax for using concat() is array1.concat(array2), where array1 and
array2 are the arrays to be combined.
 Options a (Join) and b (Split) are incorrect because they are used for string
manipulation, not for combining arrays.
 Option c (Combine) is not a standard array method in JavaScript.

62.Based on IEE standard, how many bits is the OUI assigned?

a. 22 bits
b. 24 bits
c. 6 bits
d. 48 bits

ChatGPT
Based on IEEE standards, the OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) is assigned 24
bits.
b. 24 bits
63.Which of the following video connectors has an analog variety and a digital
variety?
a. DVI
b. DisplayPort
c. VGA
d. HDMI
ChatGPT
The video connector that has both an analog variety and a digital variety is:
a. DVI (Digital Visual Interface)
Explanation:
 DVI is a video interface standard that can carry both digital and analog
signals.
 There are three main types of DVI connectors: DVI-I (integrated, supports
both digital and analog), DVI-D (digital-only), and DVI-A (analog-only).
 DVI-I connectors can support both digital and analog signals, making them
versatile for various display devices.
 Options b (DisplayPort), c (VGA), and d (HDMI) are primarily digital interfaces,
although there are adapters available to convert VGA and HDMI signals to
analog if needed. However, they do not have dedicated analog varieties like
DVI.

64.Examine the following piece of code, login page, what function will be valid in
place of the ? symbol?
$SQL = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = $uname AND password=
md5($pword)";
$result = mysql_query($SQL);
$rows = ?($result);
if ($result) {
if ($rows > 0){
session_start();
$_SESSION['login'] = "1";
header ("Location: index.php");
} else {
session_start();
$_SESSION['login'] = "";
header ("Location: signup.php");
}
}
a. mysql num_rows()
b. mysql field_flags()
c. mysql_num_fileds()
d. mysqli_fetch_row()

ChatGPT
In the given code snippet, the function that would be valid in place of the "?" symbol
to retrieve the number of rows returned by the SQL query is:
a. mysql_num_rows()
Explanation:
 The mysql_query() function is used to execute the SQL query, which returns
a result set.
 To get the number of rows in the result set, the mysql_num_rows() function
is typically used in PHP when using the mysql extension (although note that
the mysql extension is deprecated as of PHP 5.5.0 and removed in PHP
7.0.0).
 Option b (mysql_field_flags()) retrieves the flags associated with a field in a
result set, not the number of rows.
 Option c (mysql_num_fields()) retrieves the number of fields (columns) in a
result set, not the number of rows.
 Option d (mysqli_fetch_row()) is a function in the mysqli extension, which
is used for fetching a row from a result set, not for getting the number of
rows.

65.Project management software helps you develop a _______. which serves as a

basis for creating Gantt charts, assigning resources, and allocating costs.
a. project plan
b. work breakdown structure
c. deliverable
d. schedule

ChatGPT
Project management software helps you develop a:
a. project plan
Explanation:
 A project plan is a comprehensive document that outlines the scope,
objectives, tasks, timelines, resources, and costs associated with a project.
 Project management software provides tools and features to create and
manage project plans, which serve as a basis for organizing and executing
the project.
 Within a project plan, tasks can be organized into a work breakdown structure
(option b), schedules can be created (option d), and resources can be
allocated and managed.
 Deliverables (option c) are the tangible outcomes or results of the project,
which are typically identified and tracked within the project plan but are not
the primary focus of project management software.

66.Complexity of software systems often exceeds the human intellectual

capacity and fundamental limiting factors of human cognition; we can
address these constraints through the use of ______.
a. hierarchy
b. decomposition
c. an object
d. abstraction

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
b. decomposition
Explanation:
 Decomposition involves breaking down complex systems or problems into
smaller, more manageable parts or components.
 By decomposing complex software systems into smaller modules or
components, we can address the constraints imposed by the complexity of
the system and the limitations of human cognition.
 Decomposition allows for better understanding, organization, and
management of the system, making it easier to design, develop, and
maintain.
  While hierarchy (option a) and abstraction (option d) are related concepts
that can aid in managing complexity, decomposition specifically refers to the
process of breaking down complex systems into smaller parts.
 An object (option c) refers to an instance of a class in object-oriented
programming and is not directly related to addressing the constraints of
complexity in software systems.

67.determine the service that converts a Learning Domain name to an IP

address.
a. NIS
b. DNS
c. SMB
d. NFS

ChatGPT
The service that converts a Learning Domain name to an IP address is:
b. DNS (Domain Name System)
Explanation:
 DNS (Domain Name System) is a hierarchical decentralized naming system
for computers, services, or other resources connected to the Internet or a
private network.
 DNS translates domain names (e.g., www.example.com) to IP addresses (e.g.,
192.0.2.1) and vice versa.
 When a user enters a domain name into a web browser or other network
application, DNS resolves the domain name to the corresponding IP address
so that communication can occur.
 Options a (NIS), c (SMB), and d (NFS) are network services for different
purposes and are not involved in converting domain names to IP addresses.
68.Which of these two characteristics of object-oriented programming are the
same?
a. Inheritance and Encapsulation features are the same
b. Encapsulation and Polymorphism features are the same
c. Abstraction and Polymorphism features are the same
d. Encapsulation and Abstraction
ChatGPT
The correct option is:
d. Encapsulation and Abstraction
Explanation:
 Encapsulation and abstraction are both fundamental concepts in object-
oriented programming (OOP), but they are not exactly the same.
 Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data (attributes) and methods
(behaviors) that operate on the data into a single unit or class. It hides the
internal state of an object from the outside world and only exposes the
necessary functionality.
 Abstraction, on the other hand, refers to the process of simplifying complex
systems by modeling them using abstract representations. It focuses on
essential characteristics while hiding unnecessary details.
 While encapsulation and abstraction are related concepts and often go hand
in hand, they serve different purposes.
 Inheritance and polymorphism (options a and b) are also related but distinct
concepts in OOP. Inheritance allows a class to inherit properties and behavior
from another class, while polymorphism allows objects of different classes to
be treated as objects of a common superclass.

69.Which command can be used on a Windows host to display the routing table?
a. netstat -s
b. tracert
c. shopw ip route
d. netstat -r

ChatGPT
The command that can be used on a Windows host to display the routing table is:
d. netstat -r
Explanation:
 The netstat command is a versatile network utility available on various
operating systems, including Windows.
  The -r option is used with netstat to display the routing table on Windows
systems.
 This command shows the IPv4 routing table, including the destination
network, gateway, interface, and metric.
 Option a (netstat -s) displays statistics for various protocols and interfaces,
not the routing table.
 Option b (tracert) is used to trace the route that packets take to reach a
destination, but it does not display the entire routing table.
 Option c (show ip route) is not a valid command on Windows; it resembles a
command used in Cisco IOS for displaying the routing table.

70.If the query DROP DATABASE Student is executed on the database without
the appropriate authorization, what kind of threat it causes?
a. Loss of confidentiality
b. Loss of integrity
c. Loss of Authorization
d. Loss of accountability

ChatGPT
If the query DROP DATABASE Student is executed on the database without the
appropriate authorization, it causes:
b. Loss of integrity
Explanation:
 Loss of integrity refers to unauthorized or improper modification, deletion, or
alteration of data.
 Executing the DROP DATABASE command without appropriate authorization
results in the loss or destruction of the database, which compromises the
integrity of the data it contains.
 Loss of confidentiality (option a) would occur if unauthorized users gained
access to confidential data.
  Loss of authorization (option c) may occur as a result of the unauthorized
action, but it is not the primary threat caused by executing the DROP
DATABASE command without proper authorization.
 Loss of accountability (option d) refers to the inability to trace actions back to
their responsible parties and is not directly related to the unauthorized
execution of the DROP DATABASE command.
71.When looking from the outside edge of an HTML element and moving to
inside the edge, what order does the padding, margin, and border occur in?
a. margin, border, padding
b. border, padding, margin
c. margin, padding, border
d. padding, border, margin

ChatGPT
When looking from the outside edge of an HTML element and moving to inside the
edge, the order in which padding, margin, and border occur is:
a. margin, border, padding
Explanation:
 Margin is the outermost area outside the border, providing space between the
element and surrounding elements.
 Border is the boundary of the element, separating the padding area from the
margin area.
 Padding is the innermost area inside the border, providing space between the
content and the border.

72.Which one of the following is the benefit of object-oriented development?

a. Reduce reusability of software components
b. Leads to systems that are less resilient to change
c. Appeals to the working of human cognition
d. Increase development risk

ChatGPT
The benefit of object-oriented development is:
c. Appeals to the working of human cognition
Explanation:
 Object-oriented development is designed to model real-world entities using
objects, classes, and their interactions, which aligns well with the mental
models and thought processes of human cognition.
 It promotes modular, organized, and intuitive design, making it easier for
developers to understand, maintain, and extend software systems.
 Options a, b, and d are all disadvantages of object-oriented development, not
benefits. OOP promotes reusability of software components, systems that are
more resilient to change, and reduces development risk by promoting
encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

73.Why Cookies should be transferred before a web pages?

a. Because they are sent as part of the body.
b. Because they determine the entire document structure
c. Because they are sent as part of the headers.
d. Because they are sensitive data.

ChatGPT
Cookies should be transferred before a web page's content because:
c. Because they are sent as part of the headers.
Explanation:
 Cookies are small pieces of data stored on the client's browser and are
typically sent with HTTP requests as part of the request headers.
 By sending cookies in the headers before the actual content of the web page,
the server can instruct the client's browser on how to handle the data (e.g.,
setting or updating cookies) before rendering the page content.
 This ensures that the client's browser can properly handle any cookie-related
instructions or data before processing the content of the web page.
 Options a, b, and d do not accurately describe the reason for transferring
cookies before a web page's content.
 74.Which of the following is a valid Visual Basic conditional statement?
a. 2<n Or<5
b. 2<n<5
c. 2<n Or 5
d. (2<n)Or(n<5)

ChatGPT
The valid Visual Basic conditional statement among the options provided is:
d. (2 < n) Or (n < 5)
Explanation:
 In Visual Basic, conditional statements typically use relational operators such
as "<" (less than), ">" (greater than), "<=" (less than or equal to), ">="
(greater than or equal to), "=", "<>" (not equal to), etc.
 The correct syntax for combining conditions using the logical OR operator is
(condition1) Or (condition2).
 Option a has incorrect syntax; it should use relational operators for
comparison, not Or between the numbers.
 Option b is incorrect as it attempts to chain relational operators together,
which is not valid in Visual Basic.
 Option c is also incorrect as it attempts to use Or between a number and a
relational expression, which is not a valid syntax.
75.Which HTML element should be used to create a more structured layout?
a. <table>
b. <p>
c. <form>
d. <div>

ChatGPT
The HTML element that should be used to create a more structured layout is:
d. <div>
Explanation:
  The <div> element is a generic container that is used to divide the HTML
document into sections or to group HTML elements together.
 It is commonly used for creating a structured layout by dividing the content
into logical sections, such as headers, navigation bars, main content,
sidebars, footers, etc.
 <div> elements can be styled using CSS to control their appearance and
layout on the web page.
 Options a, b, and c are also HTML elements, but they are more specific in
their purpose. <table> is used to create tabular data, <p> is used for
paragraphs, and <form> is used to create HTML forms. They are not
typically used for creating a structured layout like <div>.
76.Cookies in PHP
a. Can be read by any Learning Domain
b. Can contain any size of alphanumeric information
c. Is a data a web server saves to your computer’s hard disk via a web browser
d. Cannot be retrieved from your computer and returned to the server

ChatGPT
Cookies in PHP:
c. Is a data a web server saves to your computer's hard disk via a web browser
Explanation:
 Cookies are small pieces of data that a web server sends to a user's web
browser, which then stores them on the user's computer's hard disk.
 Cookies can be used to store information about the user's interactions with
the website, such as login credentials, preferences, shopping cart contents,
etc.
 PHP provides functions to work with cookies, allowing developers to set,
retrieve, and manipulate cookie data.
 Option a is incorrect because cookies are typically associated with a specific
domain and can only be read by the server that set them and the client
associated with that domain.
 Option b is incorrect because cookies have size limitations imposed by
browsers and servers.
 Option d is incorrect because cookies can be retrieved from the user's
computer and sent back to the server with subsequent requests.
 77.Which computer component contains all the necessary circuitry for other
components or devices to communicate with one another?
a. Motherboard
b. CPU
c. Expansion bus
d. RAM

ChatGPT
The computer component that contains all the necessary circuitry for other
components or devices to communicate with one another is:
a. Motherboard
Explanation:
 The motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer system.
 It contains various essential components such as the CPU (Central Processing
Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), expansion slots, BIOS (Basic
Input/Output System), and other integrated circuitry.
 The motherboard provides the necessary connections and interfaces for other
components and devices to communicate with each other, including the CPU,
RAM, expansion cards, storage devices, input/output devices, and
peripherals.
 It serves as the central hub that facilitates communication and data transfer
between all the components and devices in the computer system.
 Options b, c, and d are not correct because while they are important
components of a computer system, they do not serve as the central
communication hub for all other components.

78.To view the MAC address table, which command can be used?
a. S1#show mac address-table
b. S1#show cam table
c. S1#show mac
d. S1#show mac table
ChatGPT
To view the MAC address table on a Cisco switch, the correct command is:
a. S1#show mac address-table
Explanation:
 The show mac address-table command is used on Cisco switches to
display the MAC address table, which is a listing of MAC addresses and their
associated switch ports.
 This command provides information about which MAC addresses are learned
on which switch ports and how they are associated with VLANs.
 Options b, c, and d are incorrect as they do not represent valid commands to
view the MAC address table on a Cisco switch.
Based on the schema
Branch (branchNo, street, city, postcode)
PropertyForRent (propertyNo, street, city, postcode, type, rooms, rent, branchNo)
List all cities where there is both a branch office and at least one property for rent.

a. π city (Branch) ⋂ π city (PropertyForRent)

b. π city (Branch) U π city (PropertyForRent)
c. π city (Branch) X π city (PropertyForRent)
d. π city (Branch) - π city (PropertyForRent)

ChatGPT
To list all cities where there is both a branch office and at least one property for rent,
we need to find the intersection of the set of cities in the Branch relation and the set
of cities in the PropertyForRent relation. This can be achieved using the intersection
operator (⋂).
So, the correct relational algebra expression is:

c. π city (Branch) ⋂ π city (PropertyForRent)

Explanation:
 π city (Branch) represents the projection of the city attribute from the Branch
relation, giving us a set of unique city values where there are branch offices.
 π city (PropertyForRent) represents the projection of the city attribute from
the PropertyForRent relation, giving us a set of unique city values where there
are properties for rent.
  The ⋂ operator performs the intersection of these two sets, resulting in a set
of cities where there are both branch offices and properties for rent.

79.The default property for a text box control is

a. Text
b. Enable
c. Multiline
d. Password char

ChatGPT
The default property for a text box control in many programming environments,
including Visual Basic, is:
a. Text
Explanation:
 The "Text" property of a text box control refers to the text displayed within
the text box.
 When you create a text box control, it typically starts with an empty string
("") as its default value for the "Text" property.
 This property can be set programmatically or by the user interacting with the
control.
 Options b, c, and d are properties commonly associated with text box controls
but are not their default properties.
80.A tuple takes a value when a record does not have a value for it.
a. Not Applicable
b. Null
c. Unknown
d. Zero

ChatGPT
The correct option is:
b. Null
Explanation:
  In the context of databases, a tuple represents a single row or record in a
table.
 When a record does not have a value for a particular attribute (column), it is
typically represented by a null value.
 Null indicates the absence of a value or a missing value.
 Options a, c, and d are not typically used to represent missing values in
databases.

81.is a method of scheduling that considers limited recourses when creating a

project schedule and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.
a. Parkinson's Law
b. Critical path analysis
c. Scrum
d. Critical chain scheduling

ChatGPT
The correct answer is:
d. Critical chain scheduling
Explanation:
 Critical chain scheduling is a method of project scheduling that considers
limited resources and includes buffers to protect the project completion date.
 It focuses on identifying the critical chain of tasks that determine the overall
project duration, taking into account resource constraints and dependencies
between tasks.
 Critical chain scheduling adds buffers, known as project buffers and feeding
buffers, to protect the project from delays caused by resource constraints or
unexpected events.
 The buffers are strategically placed to ensure that the project is completed on
time even if individual tasks take longer than expected.
 Option a, Parkinson's Law, is a principle that suggests work expands to fill the
time available for its completion.
 Option b, Critical path analysis, is a method used to identify the longest path
of dependent tasks in a project schedule, which determines the minimum
project duration.
  Option c, Scrum, is an agile project management framework that emphasizes
iterative development, collaboration, and adaptability.

82.is an attribute specifying a blue background of an element.

a. style="background-color:blue"
b. background = "blue"
c. bgcolor = #000000
d. bgcolor=blue

ChatGPT
The correct option is:
a. style="background-color:blue"
Explanation:
 In HTML, CSS styles are commonly applied using the "style" attribute.
 The syntax for setting the background color of an element using inline CSS is
style="background-color: blue".
 Option b is incorrect because it uses incorrect syntax for setting the
background color.
 Option c is incorrect because it uses an outdated attribute (bgcolor) which is
not recommended for setting background color.
 Option d is incorrect because it lacks proper syntax for setting the
background color using CSS.
83.Project portfolio management addresses ______ goals of an organization, while
project management addresses _____ goals.
a. external, internal
b. tactical, strategic
c. strategic, tactical
d. internal, external

ChatGPT
The correct option is:
c. strategic, tactical
Explanation:
 Project portfolio management (PPM) typically addresses strategic goals of an
organization.
 PPM involves selecting, prioritizing, and managing a portfolio of projects to
align with the organization's strategic objectives and maximize overall value.
 Project management (PM), on the other hand, primarily addresses tactical
goals.
 PM focuses on the planning, execution, and control of individual projects to
meet specific objectives, such as delivering products, services, or results
within scope, time, and budget constraints.
 Option a (external, internal) and option d (internal, external) are incorrect
because they focus on the location or scope of goals rather than their
strategic or tactical nature.
 Option b (tactical, strategic) is incorrect because it reverses the order of
strategic and tactical goals, which is not consistent with typical organizational
priorities.

84.Which of the following is not a valid Network-ID among the new subnets if
borrow 2 bits from 2001:DB8:CAFE::/48 which is into /50?
a. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ:8000::/50
b. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ::/50
c. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ:4000::/50
d. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ:2000::/50

ChatGPT
 To determine the valid Network-IDs among the new subnets after borrowing 2
bits from the IPv6 network 2001:DB8:CAFE::/48 to create /50 subnets, we
need to understand the binary subnetting process.
 Given that we're borrowing 2 bits, we can create 2^2 = 4 subnets.
 The starting address of the subnet would be 2001:DB8:CAFE::/50.
 The valid Network-IDs among the new subnets would be: a.
2001:DB8:CAFÉ:8000::/50 c. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ:4000::/50 d.
2001:DB8:CAFÉ:2000::/50
 Option b. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ::/50 is the existing subnet after borrowing 2 bits. It
is not a new subnet.
 So, the correct answer is: b. 2001:DB8:CAFÉ::/50
 85.Which of the following is a valid host address?
a. 172.17.61.255/18
b. 192.168.0.224/27
c. 172.19.65.0/18
d. 192.168.255.31/27

ChatGPT
 To determine which of the given IPv4 addresses are valid host addresses, we
need to consider the network prefix lengths (CIDR notation) and the number
of available host addresses within each subnet.
 In CIDR notation, the subnet mask is represented by the number following the
forward slash (/). The subnet mask defines the network portion of the
address.
 The formula to calculate the number of available host addresses in a subnet
is 2^(32 - subnet mask) - 2. The "- 2" accounts for the network address and
the broadcast address, which cannot be assigned to hosts.
 Let's analyze each option:
o 172.17.61.255/18 Subnet mask: /18 Number of available host
addresses: 2^(32 - 18) - 2 = 2^14 - 2 = 16,384 - 2 = 16,382 Valid host
addresses: 172.17.0.1 to 172.17.63.254 172.17.61.255 is the
broadcast address, not a valid host address.
o 192.168.0.224/27 Subnet mask: /27 Number of available host
addresses: 2^(32 - 27) - 2 = 2^5 - 2 = 32 - 2 = 30 Valid host
addresses: 192.168.0.225 to 192.168.0.254 192.168.0.224 is the
network address, not a valid host address.
o 172.19.65.0/18 Subnet mask: /18 Number of available host addresses:
2^(32 - 18) - 2 = 2^14 - 2 = 16,384 - 2 = 16,382 Valid host addresses:
172.19.0.1 to 172.19.63.254 172.19.65.0 is the network address, not a
valid host address.
o d. 192.168.255.31/27 Subnet mask: /27 Number of available host
addresses: 2^(32 - 27) - 2 = 2^5 - 2 = 32 - 2 = 30 Valid host
addresses: 192.168.255.1 to 192.168.255.30 192.168.255.31 is the
broadcast address, not a valid host address.
 Based on the analysis, the valid host address is: b. 192.168.0.225 to
192.168.0.254
 86.You have been troubleshooting a laptop for an hour and have established a
theory of probable cause for the problem. What is the next step you should
take?
a. Document findings, actions, and outcomes
b. Verify full system functionality and implement preventive measures
c. Test the theory to determine cause
d. Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem
ChatGPT
The next step you should take after establishing a theory of probable cause for the
problem is to:
c. Test the theory to determine cause
 Once you have a theory of what might be causing the issue, it's essential to
test that theory to confirm whether it is indeed the cause of the problem.
Testing the theory involves performing relevant diagnostic procedures,
experiments, or analyses to gather evidence and validate or refute the
hypothesis. This step helps ensure that you accurately identify the root cause
of the problem before proceeding with any corrective actions.
 After testing the theory and determining the cause, you can then proceed
with:
o Documenting findings, actions, and outcomes.
o Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem.
 These steps are crucial for maintaining a record of the troubleshooting
process and outlining the necessary actions to address the issue effectively.
Once the plan of action is established, you can move forward with
implementing corrective measures and verifying full system functionality, as
mentioned in option b.

87.The output of the following piece of code (tages) will be

<table border="1">
<tr> <th colspan="4>Work Contact Points</th></tr>
<tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Email</th> <th>Phone</th><th>Floor</th> </tr>
</table>
a. Work Contact Points

Name Email Phone Floor

Work Contact Points

Name Email Phone Floor

b.

Work Contact Points

c.
Name

Work Contact Points

d. Name Email Phone Floor

ChatGPT
This HTML code represents a table with the following structure:
 The table has a border of 1.
 The first row contains a single table header that spans all four columns. This
header is labeled "Work Contact Points".
 The second row contains four table headers, each representing a column in
the table. The headers are labeled "Name", "Email", "Phone", and "Floor".
 In HTML, the default rendering for table headers (th elements) is bold text.
Therefore, the text within the th elements, such as "Work Contact Points",
"Name", "Email", "Phone", and "Floor", will be bold by default when displayed
in a web browser.
 So the correct answer is d, the text within the th elements will be bold in the
rendered output.

88.Which of the following keywords provide iterative control flow?

a. Break
b. switch statement
c. for
d. if statement

ChatGPT
The keyword that provides iterative control flow in programming is:
c. for
  The "for" keyword is used to create a loop that iterates over a range of values
or elements. It allows you to execute a block of code repeatedly based on a
condition.
 The "for" loop typically consists of initialization, condition, and iteration
expression, which determine the number of times the loop will execute.
 This makes it a fundamental construct for implementing iterative control flow
in many programming languages.

89.Which fiber optic standard utilizes a 50 micron core?

a. Multi-mode
b. STP
c. UTP
d. Single-mode

ChatGPT
The fiber optic standard that utilizes a 50 micron core is:
a. Multi-mode
 In fiber optics, the core size refers to the diameter of the light-carrying
portion of the fiber. Multi-mode fibers typically have larger core sizes,
commonly either 50 microns or 62.5 microns.
 These larger core sizes allow multiple modes (or paths) of light to propagate
through the fiber, which is suitable for short-distance communications within
buildings or campuses.
 Therefore, the correct answer is option a. Multi-mode.

90.You want to send traffic from 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24 to the target
address 198.43.23.2. How can you achieve this with a single route statement
without affecting other networks?
a. Router(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.240.0 198.43.23.2
b. Router(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.240 198.43.23.2
c. Router(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 198.43.23.2
d. Router(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 198.43.23.2

ChatGPT
To send traffic from the networks 192.168.1.0/24 and 192.168.2.0/24 to the target
address 198.43.23.2 with a single route statement without affecting other networks,
you need to use a more specific route for each network.
The correct option would be:
c. Router(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 198.43.23.2
This configuration adds two specific routes to the routing table, one for each of the
mentioned networks, directing traffic to the desired target address without affecting
other networks.

91.By applying permutation (53421) and substitution by 3 characters away from

current character, the string "LETUSMEETENTOTO" becomes
a. QWWRRPHWHHOHXWV
b. OTOTNETEEMSUTEL
c. STUELEETEMOOTTN
d. VWXHOHHWHPRRWWQ

ChatGPT
To perform the permutation and substitution as described:
Original String: LETUSMEETENTOTO Permutation: 53421
1. Apply permutation:
 First character: L (5th position in original string)
 Second character: E (3rd position in original string)
 Third character: T (4th position in original string)
 Fourth character: U (2nd position in original string)
 Fifth character: S (1st position in original string)
 Sixth character: M (no change, 6th position in original string)
 Seventh character: E (3rd position in original string)
 Eighth character: E (3rd position in original string)
 Ninth character: T (4th position in original string)
 Tenth character: E (3rd position in original string)
 Eleventh character: N (8th position in original string)
  Twelfth character: T (4th position in original string)
 Thirteenth character: O (7th position in original string)
 Fourteenth character: T (4th position in original string)
 Fifteenth character: O (7th position in original string)
Therefore, the permuted string becomes: SUELETETEMNOOTT
2. Apply substitution by shifting each character by 3 positions:
 Replace each character with the character that is 3 positions away in
the alphabet.
Applying the substitution:
 S -> Q
 U -> W
 E -> B
 L -> I
 E -> B
 T -> Q
 E -> B
 T -> Q
 E -> B
 M -> J
 N -> K
 O -> R
 O -> R
 T -> Q
 T -> Q
Therefore, the final string becomes: QWWBBQBBQBJKRQ
The correct option is not among the provided choices.

92.If your collage prohibits using any anti-virus program in your personal
computers (or Laptops) other than the one they provide in order to use the
college"s local network, what type of policy is this?
a. Issue-specific policy
b. System-specific policy
c. Program security policy
d. General security policy

ChatGPT
The policy described, where a college prohibits the use of any antivirus program
other than the one provided by the institution in order to access the college's local
network, falls under the category of:
b. System-specific policy

93.This policy specifically dictates the requirements or restrictions related to the

system setup or configuration for accessing the college's network. One of the
following is the correct sequence of System Log Records.
a. Start, Write, Read, Commit, Abort
b. Start, Write or Read, End, Commit, Rollback
c. Start, Read, Write Commit, Abort
d. Start, Write or Read, End, Rollback, Commit

ChatGPT
The correct sequence of System Log Records is:
c. Start, Read, Write, Commit, Abort
Here's what each step represents:
 Start: Indicates the beginning of a transaction.
 Read: Reading data from the database.
 Write: Writing data to the database.
 Commit: Confirms that the transaction is complete and the changes are
permanent.
 Abort: Indicates the termination of the transaction without committing
changes.

94.Which of the following method waits for the thread to terminate?

a. sleep()
b. isAlive()
c. join()
d. stop()

ChatGPT
The method that waits for the thread to terminate is:
c. join()
The join() method in Java is used to wait for a thread to die. It causes the currently
executing thread to pause execution until the thread on which it's called is
terminated.

95.What holds true for logical and physical topologies?

a. Logical topologies describe how a network moves information across devices
b. Physical topologies are focused on the frame transfer mechanisms used by a
network
c. Physical and logical topologies are typically the same
d. Physical topologies show each network's IP addressing method

ChatGPT
The statement that holds true for logical and physical topologies is:
a. Logical topologies describe how a network moves information across devices
Explanation:
 Logical topologies refer to the logical arrangement or flow of data within a
network, focusing on how devices communicate and transfer data, often
depicted by network protocols and addressing schemes.
 Physical topologies, on the other hand, describe the physical layout or
structure of the network, including the actual devices, cables, and
connections used to interconnect them.
 While logical and physical topologies can sometimes align, they often differ
due to factors such as network protocols, addressing schemes, and network
infrastructure configurations.
Which one of the following is a CSS class selector?
a. div[code]
b. .code
c. :code
d. #code

ChatGPT
The CSS class selector is:
b. .code
Explanation:
 In CSS, a class selector is represented by a period (.) followed by the class
name.
 For example, to select an element with the class "code", you would use .code
in your CSS file or style attribute.

96.command is used for creating a new group.

a. groupadd
b. addgrp
c. chgrp
d. chown

ChatGPT
a. groupadd
The groupadd command is used for creating a new group in Linux systems.

97.represents a real-world object or concept from the mini-world, which can be

states/describes in the database.
a. Relationship
b. Learning Domain
c. Entity
d. Attribute

ChatGPT
c. Entity
In the context of databases, an entity represents a real-world object or concept that
can be stored and managed in the database. It typically corresponds to a table in a
relational database, where each row represents an instance of the entity, and each
column represents an attribute of the entity.
98.Suppose RSA system, if the system chooses the two prime numbers as p=2
and q=5, which of the following statement is true, if you precisely follow the
algorithm?
a. The public key is (3,10)
b. The private key is (5,10)
c. A plaintext input M=4 results C=7 as ciphertext
d. A ciphertext input C=7 results M=4 as plaintext

ChatGPT
To compute the public and private keys in the RSA system, we follow these steps:
1. Choose two distinct prime numbers, �p and �q.
2. Compute �=�×�n=p×q.
3. Compute �(�)=(�−1)×(�−1)ϕ(n)=(p−1)×(q−1).
4. Choose an integer �e such that 1<�<�(�)1<e<ϕ(n) and
gcd(�,�(�))=1gcd(e,ϕ(n))=1. �e must be relatively prime to �(�)ϕ(n).
5. Compute the modular multiplicative inverse �d of �e modulo �(�)ϕ(n),
such that �×�≡1(mod�(�))d×e≡1(modϕ(n)).
Given �=2p=2 and �=5q=5:
1. �=�×�=2×5=10n=p×q=2×5=10.
2. �(�)=(�−1)×(�−1)=(2−1)×(5−1)=1×4=4ϕ(n)=(p−1)×(q−1)=(2−1)×(5−
1)=1×4=4.
3. We need to find a suitable �e that is relatively prime to �(�)=4ϕ(n)=4. We
can choose �=3e=3.
 4. Compute �d, the modular multiplicative inverse of �e modulo �(�)ϕ(n).
Since �=3e=3 and �(�)=4ϕ(n)=4, we have
�=3−1(mod4)=3d=3−1(mod4)=3.
So, the public key is (�,�)=(3,10)(e,n)=(3,10), and the private key is (�,�)=(3,10)
(d,n)=(3,10).
Given a plaintext input �=4M=4, to compute the ciphertext �C:
�=��(mod�)=43(mod10)=64(mod10)=4C=Me(modn)=43(mod10)=64(mod10)=
4
So, the ciphertext �C for plaintext �=4M=4 is indeed 44.
Given a ciphertext input �=7C=7, to compute the plaintext �M:
�=��(mod�)=73(mod10)=343(mod10)=3M=Cd(modn)=73(mod10)=343(mod10
)=3
So, the plaintext �M for ciphertext �=7C=7 is 33.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
c. A plaintext input �=4M=4 results �=7C=7 as ciphertext

99.Which command is employed to create Linux file systems?

a. mkfs
b. mount
c. fdisk
d. fsck

ChatGPT
The command used to create Linux file systems is:
a. mkfs
This command is used to build a Linux file system on a device, usually a hard disk
partition.
100. What will be the possible built-in functions to be used to checking the
age value to be numeric and greater than 18 and displays an alert message
"Not eligible to vote" if any of the above mentioned validations are false? a.
alert(), document.write(), isNaN() b. alert(), isNumeric(), isNull(),parseInt() c.
alert(), isNaN(),parseInt() d. alert(), document.write(), isNull(),parseInt()
ChatGPT
The correct option is:
c. alert(), isNaN(), parseInt()
Explanation:
 alert(): Displays an alert message.
 isNaN(): Checks if a value is NaN (not a number), which can be used to verify
if the age input is numeric.
 parseInt(): Converts a string to an integer, which can be used to convert the
age input to an integer for comparison with 18.