Module 5
Module 5
O&M MANUAL
CHAPTER – 3
SOPS / WORK INSTRUCTIONS /
GUIDELINES / CHECKLISTS / FORMATS
C – Others / Utilities
3.24 Fire Extinguishers
3.25 First Aid
3.26 Self Air Breathing Apparatus
3.27 Maintenance Van
3.28 Portable Generator Set
3.29 Phones & Wireless
3.30 Public Address System
D – Legal Aspects
3.31 Applicability & Compliance Matrix
Module 5 of 9
Block - 15, 2nd Floor, Udyog Bhavan, Sector - 11, Gandhinagar – 382 011.
3.25 Fire and Fire Extinguishers
CONTENT
1. Fire Definition
2. Classification of Fire
3. Classification of Fire
• Three things are required before a fire can occur; they are fuel vapor or any
combustible material, oxygen and source of ignition. As soon as these three
things come together in proper proportions, fire starts immediately. This is
known as “FIRE TRIANGLE”.
• Elimination of at least one of the above three elements can control and
extinguish the fire. Most of the fires start from a small spark and most of them
are small in initial stage and may grow to any large size depending upon the
quantity of fuel or combustible material, if it is not controlled in time.
• Elimination of at least one of the above three elements is the principle of Fire
Extinguishing and control. In practical terms fire extinction can be achieved by
If combustible substance is removed fire will cease e.g. stopping the supply of
fuel (close valves), transfer of fuel from burning tank etc.
The most common way to remove heat is by the use of water. Water absorbs
lot of heat specially while becoming steam and cools the fire.
• Fire extinguishing can also be achieved by interruption of the Chemical
reaction of combustion. This method is used by applying Dry. Chemicals
Powder and halogen gases (BCF – BTM etc.) to fires. Dry chemicals, powder
and halogen gases do not extinguish fires by the dilutions principle. The fact
that they interfere with the chemical combustion i.e. in the fire and not at
periphery.
2. Classification of Fire :
• ELECTRICAL FIRES :
Earlier fire involving live electrical equipments was known as class “E” fire.
But now, depending upon the material involved in electrical fire it is classified
as ‘A’, ‘B’ or ‘C’ class of fire. For example, fire of electrical cable. In this fire,
insulation material like PVC is involved in the fire, so it can be classified as
class ‘A’ fire.
Type of Fire Protection System:
It is that which can be used by one or two persons immediately after a fire.
This can be more useful and effective when the fire is in its incipient stage.
They are
- Fire bucket with sand or water.
- Asbestos fire blanket.
- Fire extinguishers.
- Hose rill.
Considering our dealing with Natural gas, DCP type & CO2 type of fire extinguishers
are available in our company. They are placed at ARS Platform, A/C plant and at
each floor of ADM building. A list showing the details of fire extinguisher and its
location is kept in Control Room. CO2 types of fire extinguishers are suitable for fire
involving live electrical equipment, control panel and computer. Hence in our control
room, IT, DG room, and at each wing / floor, CO2 type of fire extinguishers are
placed. A DCP type of fire extinguishers is suitable for class ‘B’ & ‘C’ fire and it can
control class ‘A’ fire also.
4. DCP (Dry Chemical Powder) Type :
Use:
These are most effective fire extinguisher on flammable liquid, gas and electrical
equipment fires. It can also be used for class ‘A’ small localized fire involving solid
combustible material.
Construction:
Powder is contained in main shell and CO2 gas is held under high pressure in a
sealed cartridge.
Method of operation:
o Take the extinguisher to the site of fire and remove safety clip / pin.
o Keep the position at upwind direction. If not possible,
o Keep the position perpendicular to wind direction.
o Firmly hold the discharge nozzle.
o Strike the jet with sweeping action on the base of flame, in such a way that
the whole flame gets enveloped with the powder cloud.
Disadvantages:
Construction:
o Carry the extinguisher to the place of fire and remove the safety pin from
valve.
o Take the position at upwind direction and if not possible, take the position,
perpendicular to wind direction.
o Properly hold the discharge horn and open the valve.
o The gas at the time of discharge makes considerable noise. The user should
therefore be well known with its operation to prevent the jet from being
misdirected during the first few vital seconds.
Advantages:
It leaves no residue after extinguishment hence they are very suitable for
sophisticated instruments, equipments.
Non – Conductor of electricity hence suitable for electrical fire and confined space
fires.
Disadvantage:
A well arranged and efficient, Fire Hydrant System is a must for any factory, plant or
office building to contain fire in case of big fire which could not be curbed with
primary firefighting equipment like fire extinguisher, sand etc. Fire Hydrant piping are
laid generally around the plants or offices with risers upto the top floor. On these
piping, tapping valves are provided at key locations with fire water hoses.
The capacity of the fire water pump is to be selected as per the height of the
buildings and the areas to be covered. The pressure of the water should be such that
it would be possible to handle the fire hose with nozzle safely by a trained operator.
It is safe to keep the fire water pressure between 6 to 7 Kg/cm2.
The fire water pump should have alternate sources of power, so that it could be
operated even in absence of main power supply. For this the fire water pump are
normally connected with a D.G. set. The pump operating switches are to be placed
at key locations for immediate operations in case of fire.
Fire Hydrant Pipeline can be kept pressurized with water by auto operated pumps
using pressure switches, so that the pump will start automatically if the water
pressure in the pipeline goes below a set pressure. The advantage is that, in case of
fire it would not require to start the pump: instead the valves to be opened for
firefighting.
Fire Hydrant system essentially consist of following:
⇒ Water storage (fire water Sump).
⇒ Water Pumps.
⇒ Network of Underground / Above Ground Piping.
⇒ Hydrant valves and its stand posts.
⇒ Hose pipes with Hose Boxes.
⇒ Breach pipes with Nozzle.
• In case of small fire, put off fire by using DCP / CO2 type fire extinguishers as
appropriate.
• If the fire is on gas network, affected section can be isolated.
• Cordon the affected area and evacuate the area quickly
• Always first slowly isolate upstream isolation valve, allow gas of pipeline to burn
and then when flame is very low or extinguished, isolate downstream valve
• Never extinguish the fire on gas network, if it is not affected the surrounding area.
Allow cooling of surrounding area using water. Note that raw gas is more danger
then fire as it can accumulate in houses / premises and can explode when get the
spark.
• In case of big fire / possibility of abnormal situation, decision to be taken for plant
shutdown in consultation with Main In charge and evacuate the premises, area in
the vicinity as appropriate. Inform GSPC Gas for the same.
• Call the fire brigade, if required.
• Personnel without any specific duties should assemble at the nominated place.
• Arrange for medical treatment in case of injury.
• Arrange to inform customer about stoppage / alternative arrangement for
refueling.
8. Fire In Premises / Office :
• As soon as a fire is seen in our premises or office, break the glass of manual
call point (MCP), that will give fire alarm in control room & security office. OR
As soon as a fire is seen in our premises or office, immediately inform to
Control Room in – charge or Safety Department to take action.
• Use portable fire extinguisher depending upon the material involved in the fire.
• Do not use DCP type fire extinguisher on computer fire, use co2 type of fire
extinguisher in this case.
Content
1. General Principles
• First Aid is the immediate treatment given to the victim of an accident or sudden
illness. Before medical help is obtained.
• The five main conditions likely to be met which can kill are:
1. Asphyxia.
2. Heart Stoppage.
3. Bleeding
4. Shock
5. Unconsciousness.
1. To preserve life.
2. To promote recovery
3. To prevent worsening of the casualty’s condition.
4. Arrange transportation to hospital. ( If necessary)
First aid is base on scientific medicine and surgery: it is skilled assistance. But the
first aider is not a doctor. After the doctor takes charge the first aider’s responsibility
ends. He can then stand by to help the doctor.
• Assess.
• Diagnose.
• Treatment.
• Evaluate.
• Organization and control.
• Disposal
Evaluation of Treatment:
Ongoing assessment: Vital signs
General conditions
Improvement
Deterioration
Results of treatment
Disposal transportation
The earlier the doctor takes charge the greater the chances or recovery.
First take the casualty ot the nearest shelter. The best, of course, is the hospital. Or
it can be his house or the nearest clinic. The quickest means of transport should be
made use of A carefully worded message to the relatives, as to his condition and
also to what place he is being taken, must be sent. Someone in the crowd will
generally help in this. It is of course the duty of police and they are most reliable.
3. Rules of First Aid:
If bleeding is below elbow or the knee it can be stopped by bending the limb at the
joint.
Apply direct pressure to the wound in direct pressure points. 1 Brahial Hand 2.
Fermoral-leg
If bleeding is more, then lie the victim down and raise his legs and put that part
above heart.
Bleeding from scalp can be controlled by compressing in front of ear with thumb and
with four fingers behind the ear or direct pressure on the wound with clean dressing
gauges.
Get the medical help urgently
Application of dressing
If injury is on limb, raise the limb above hand level
If seepage occurs, apply 2nd dressing on the top of it without removing first one.
Do not remove foreign body from deep wounds it may precipitate heavy bleeding
Advise the casualty to see a doctor if there is a special risk of infection for example
the wound was caused by an animal bite.
Seek medical aid
5. First Aid for Inhaled Natural Gas / Gas Poisoning
Move away from the leakage area and take him to fresh air
Go in upwind direction of air
Loosen the clothes around neck and chest
Use extreme caution if victim is in enclosed space or a low point in the ground. Do
not put your life in danger.
Be as low as possible on the ground
Cover your face by wet cloth during movement
Seek medical aid
Stop victim panicking or running, any movement or breeze. It will further spread the
fire
Drop the victim to the ground and ask him to roll / turn on ground with pressure
which will extinguish fire on cloth
If possible wrap the victim tightly in a blanket or curtain preferable of wool or cotton.
Do not use nylon curtain or cloths
Roll the casualty along the ground until the flames have been smothered
Seek medical aid
4.5 4.5
% %
9% 9%
1.0 %
9 9 9 9
% % % %
The victim may compliant of pain in eye, passage of tears, blurring of vision, redness
of eye etc
Make him seat in the chair
Instruct him not to rub the eye
Wait for some times as the foreign body may be washed out by tears
Wash the eye in an eye-cup full of water by opening & closing the eyelid in the water
Do not attempt to remove foreign body lodged in the eyeball, especially on the
cornea.
Seek medical aid
Immobilize the affected part and keep it below the heart level.
Clean the wound with soap & water
Refer victim to doctor immediately
In case of Scorpion Bite apply ice cube or cold water sponging over the bite.
Refer victim to doctor immediately
It is an open circuit apparatus and consists of a high pressure cylinder of air, with
cylinder valves, a demand regulator, pressure gauge, and face-piece with tube
assembly along with inhalation and exhalation valves. In use, the wearer opens the
cylinder valve, after carefully putting on the face piece. This type of apparatus does
not provide positive pressure at the face piece and therefore, perfect fitting of face
piece is important to prevent inward leakage of surrounding noxious atmosphere.
The apparatus offers protection for 20 to 45 minutes of time (depending upon the
capacity of cylinder) by providing a portable air supply. The wearer of a self-
contained breathing apparatus is independent of the surrounding atmosphere;
therefore, this kind of respiratory protective equipment must be used in environments
where air contaminants are immediately harmful to the life. This equipment is
normally used for urgent job of short duration like, closing of gas isolation valve in
gas rich atmosphere, rescue work and in firefighting. Because of the extreme
hazard, no one wearing self-contained breathing apparatus should work in an
oxygen-deficient atmosphere, unless other people similarly equipped are standing
by, ready to give help.
To ensure the ever readiness of the apparatus, a procedure should be established
for regular inspection, weather protection security and prevention of tempering by
employees. The inspection should cover checking, mainly the air pressure and
condition of all parts.
Regular training should be arranged for the concerned employees. The training
should cover theory, by class room training and practical training in field by
simulating the emergency job scenario. The cylinder should be refilled immediately,
after use for emergency handling or training purpose.
Note:-
While using self contained compressed air breathing apparatus, it is most important
that user must withdraw when gets exhausted. The user should occasionally check
the pressure gauges to see the pressure of the gas in the cylinder, there is a warning
bell too. The user should ensure that during emergency handling, the cylinder valve
does not get closed due to coming in physical contact with piping, equipment.
3.28 Maintenance Van
General Information :
For handling emergency calls and carrying out various planned operation and
maintenance activities, of the city gas distribution system, availability of well
equipped vehicle called normally as maintenance van is very important.
Standard reasonable load carrying vehicle, with open truck type body and good
maneuverability is converted into maintenance van, after building customized body
for storage and security of various tools tackles, pipes and fittings, fire extinguishers
etc. generally required for handling gas leak / escape emergencies and routine and
break down maintenance of network and installations, from city gate station to
customer connections, located near and far.
For highlighting the company identity, the van is painted with company logo, name,
and contact telephone numbers in special color and pictures, beautifying it with
aesthetic look.
Maintenance van is also fitted with public announcement system and wireless
equipment. The public announcement system is required for making announcement
for stoppage and resumption of gas supply, during pipe line damage / gas escape, or
equipment failure and for festival safety. The VHF wireless equipment is for contact
with control room from remote areas.
As stated above, ever readiness of maintenance van with all required items is very
important, and hence should be operated and maintained with utmost care. The van
should be used only for intended purpose. Ensure diving of the van with lawful and
traffic safety, taking care of the damaging bumps on the road. The regular checks
and inspection procedure should be established, assigning responsibility to particular
shift engineer. The vehicle should be checked daily in the morning, as per the check
list, having checks for, tire pressure, engine oil, fuel level, other abnormalities like
over temperature, vibration, noise etc. including announcement and wireless system.
The vehicle should be regularly serviced in a good equipped garage. Similarly the
tools tackles should be checked every month end to ensure the availability and
working condition of each item. The effective material reconciliation procedure and
check list should be prepared to ensure the availability of pipes and fittings and
replacements for the consumed pipes and fittings. The replacement for the use / lost
items should be done immediately otherwise there are chances of forgetting the
replacement. The fire extinguisher and pressure gauges, torches, stored in the van,
should be periodical checked and calibrated for their working. For overall security of
all items, the van should always be locked and guarded, when not in use.
At site van should be parked at safe and secured place, keeping watch. Take out the
required items only, do not remove / take out unwanted items, from the van. Return
back the items in van immediately after completion of job. Ensure that all items are
collected and returned back in the van to their respective place, after repeatedly
looking outside, here and there.
List of Tools-Tackles and Safety Items for Maintenance Van
The below list is indicative. O&M contractor shall review it and incorporate all
necessary items to handle gas leak / escape, gas fire & explosion emergency
effectively & efficiently
Flameproof Torch 1
12
Normal Torch 1
13
Prepare list as
Valves of all size valves 1 set per type & size of
14 valves
Pipe Pieces For Leverage to Operate
2
15 Valve
Review based on
Vent Pipe 3 mtr long 1/2" x 3 m 1 size of vent
16 valves and outets
Prepare list as
Leak Clamps (Set) 1 set per type & size of
17 pipes
• Headlights
• Tail lights
• Turn signals
• Windshield wipers, washers and washer fluid
• Horn
• Reverse Tune / Horn
• Brakes
• Vehicle emergency lights
• Emergency brake
• Seat belts and shoulder straps
• Side mirror
• Tires
• Windshield Condition
• Vehicle body condition (scratches and dents)
• First Aid kit
• Fire extinguisher
• Communication equipment
• Wheel chocks
3.29 Portable Generator Set
3.30 Phones & Wireless
3.31 Public Address System
Suggested to delete
Pending
CHAPTER – 3 D
LEGAL ASPECTS