CHAPTER- COMPUTER VISION

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q1. What do you mean by resolution?

Ans. The number of pixels in an image is called its resolution. It determines the level of detail or clarity
of images displayed on screens or captured by cameras.

Q2. What are considered good features of an image during image processing?

Ans. The features like corners are easy to find as their exact location can be pinpointed in the image.
Thus, corners are always good features to extract from an image followed by the edges.

Q3. What are pixels?

Ans. The word "pixel" stands for "picture element". Every digital photograph is made up of tiny elements
called pixels. A pixel is the smallest unit of information that makes up a text, image or video on a
computer.

Q4. State the objective of Computer Vision?

Ans. The objective of computer vision is to replicate both the way humans see and the way humans
make sense of what they see.

Q5. How are computer vision algorithms trained to identify image content?

Ans. Computer vision models are trained on massive amounts of visual data. Once a large amount of
data is fed through the model, the computer will "look" at the data and teach itself to differentiate one
image from other using deep learning algorithms.

Q6. Explain the concept of feature extraction in Computer Vision?

Ans. Feature extraction refers to the process of automatically extracting relevant and meaningful
features from raw input images. The features like corners are easy to find as their exact location can be
pinpointed in the image, whereas the patches that are spread over a line or an edge look the same all
along.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

Q1. How do computers store RGB images?

Ans. Every RGB image is stored on a computer in the form of three different channels – the Red channel,
the Green channel and the Blue channel. Each channel contains a number of pixels, with the value of
each pixel ranging from 0 to 255. When all channels are combined together, they form a coloured
image. This means that in an RGB image, each pixel has a set of three different values which together
give colour to that particular pixel.

Q2. Explain CV and provide any two applications of it?

Ans. The Computer Vision domain of artificial intelligence enables machines to interpret visual

data, process it and analyse it using algorithms and methods to interpret real-world phenomena.
Applications of Computer Vision are:

Face filters: This is one of the popular applications used in apps like Instagram and Snapchat. A face
filter is a filter applied to photographs, or videos in real time, to make the face look more attractive. You
can also use it to combine a face with animal features to give it a funny appearance.

Facial recognition: With smart homes becoming more popular, computer vision is being used for making
homes more secure. Computer Vision facial recognition is used to verify the identity of the visitors and
guests and to maintain a log of the visitors. This technology is also used in social networking applications
for detecting faces and tagging friends.

Q3. Describe CV tasks for a single object in an image? Give an example

Ans. The CV tasks for a single object in an image are:

Image Classification: This task involves assigning a label to the entire image based on its content.

Image Classification + Localisation: This is the task which involves both processes of identifying what
object is present in the image and at the same time identifying at what location that object is present in
that image.

For example, in an image showing a cat, the image classification algorithm will identify and label the
image as a cat. Whereas, the image classification with localisation algorithm will not only identify the
cat, but will also draw a box to indicate the location of the cat in the image.

Q4. State the difference between CV and human vision?

Ans. Humans see an image with the help of their eyes, and then the brain processes and identifies the
image through learning and experience. In computer vision, AI first perceives the image with a sensing
device, and then computer vision and other AI algorithms identify and classify the elements in the image
to recognise it.

Q6. The face lock feature of a smart phone is an example of Computer Vision. Briefly discuss this feature.

Ans. The face-lock feature on smartphones uses computer vision to analyse and identify facial features.
When a user activates the face-lock feature, the smartphone's CV system compares the facial features
with pre-registered photographs stored on the device. If the facial characteristics match, the device
grants access to the user. This authentication method offers convenience and security for the user.

Q7. How is Computer Vision used in Warehouses?

Ans. CV can be used in warehouses to remove human error during the receiving and storing process of
products by automating the scanning and data entry process for inventory management. Robots
equipped with CV accurately pick parcels and pack them. CV also automatically checks the order against
the contents.

Q8. “ Computer Vision is the basis of autonomous vehicles.”. Justify.

Ans. Autonomous driving involves identifying objects, getting navigational routes and monitoring the
surroundings. Automated cars from companies like Tesla can detect the 360-degree movements of
pedestrians, vehicles, road signs and traffic lights and create 3D maps. CV helps them detect and analyse
objects in real-time and take decisions like breaking, stopping or keep driving.