1.

Class Cat with default constructor

class Cat {

String name;

int age;

Cat() {

name = "Unknown";

age = 0;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Cat cat = new Cat();

System.out.println("Name: " + cat.name + ", Age: " + cat.age);

Output:

Name: Unknown, Age: 0

2. Class Dog with parameterized constructor

class Dog {

String name, colour;

Dog(String name, String colour) {

this.name = name;

this.colour = colour;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy", "Brown");

System.out.println("Name: " + dog.name + ", Colour: " + dog.colour);

}
}

Output:

Name: Buddy, Colour: Brown

3. Class Book with multiple constructors

class Book {

String title, author;

double price;

Book() {}

Book(String title, String author) {

this.title = title;

this.author = author;

Book(String title, String author, double price) {

this(title, author);

this.price = price;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Book b1 = new Book("Book1", "Author1");

Book b2 = new Book("Book2", "Author2", 299.99);

System.out.println(b1.title + ", " + b1.author);

System.out.println(b2.title + ", " + b2.author + ", " + b2.price);

Output:

Book1, Author1

Book2, Author2, 299.99

4. Class Student with constructors

class Student {

int studentId;

String studentName;

char grade;

Student() {}

Student(int studentId, String studentName, char grade) {

this.studentId = studentId;

this.studentName = studentName;

this.grade = grade;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student s = new Student(101, "John", 'A');

System.out.println(s.studentId + ", " + s.studentName + ", " + s.grade);

Output:

101, John, A

5. Class Book with add/remove methods

import java.util.ArrayList;

class Book {

String title, author, ISBN;

static ArrayList<Book> collection = new ArrayList<>();

Book(String title, String author, String ISBN) {

this.title = title;

this.author = author;

this.ISBN = ISBN;

}
 static void addBook(Book book) {

collection.add(book);

static void removeBook(Book book) {

collection.remove(book);

public static void main(String[] args) {

Book b1 = new Book("Book1", "Author1", "123");

addBook(b1);

System.out.println("Collection: " + collection.size());

removeBook(b1);

System.out.println("Collection: " + collection.size());

Output:

Collection: 1

Collection: 0

6. Class Account with validation

class Account {

String accountNumber;

double balance;

Account(String accountNumber, double balance) {

if (accountNumber == null || accountNumber.isEmpty() || balance < 0) {

System.out.println("Error in account initialization.");

} else {

this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
 this.balance = balance;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Account acc = new Account("", -100);

Account validAcc = new Account("12345", 1000);

System.out.println("Account: " + validAcc.accountNumber + ", Balance: " + validAcc.balance);

Output:

Error in account initialization.

Account: 12345, Balance: 1000.0

7. Class Car with default values

java

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class Car {

String make, model;

int year;

Car(String make, String model, int year) {

this.make = make != null ? make : "Unknown";

this.model = model != null ? model : "Unknown";

this.year = year > 0 ? year : 2000;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Car car = new Car(null, null, -1);

System.out.println(car.make + ", " + car.model + ", " + car.year);

}
}

Output:

sql

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Unknown, Unknown, 2000

8. Class Point with overloaded constructors

java

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class Point {

double x, y;

Point(int x, int y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

Point(double x, double y) {

this.x = x;

this.y = y;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Point p1 = new Point(1, 2);

Point p2 = new Point(1.5, 2.5);

System.out.println("Point1: " + p1.x + ", " + p1.y);

System.out.println("Point2: " + p2.x + ", " + p2.y);

Output:

makefile
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Point1: 1.0, 2.0

Point2: 1.5, 2.5

9. Class Constants with PI

java

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class Constants {

static final double PI = 3.14159;

static double areaOfCircle(double radius) {

return PI * radius * radius;

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.printf("Area: %.2f\n", areaOfCircle(5));

Output:

makefile

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Area: 78.54

10. Class Animal with overridden method

java

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class Animal {

void makeSound() {

System.out.println("Some sound");

}
class Cat extends Animal {

@Override

void makeSound() {

System.out.println("Meow");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal animal = new Cat();

animal.makeSound();

Output:

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Meow

11. Class Vehicle with overridden method in Car

java

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class Vehicle {

void drive() {

System.out.println("Driving a vehicle");

class Car extends Vehicle {

@Override

void drive() {

System.out.println("Repairing a car");

public static void main(String[] args) {

 Vehicle v = new Car();

v.drive();

Output:

css

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Repairing a car

12. Class Shape with overridden method in Rectangle

java

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class Shape {

double getArea() {

return 0;

class Rectangle extends Shape {

double length, width;

Rectangle(double length, double width) {

this.length = length;

this.width = width;

@Override

double getArea() {

return length * width;

}
 public static void main(String[] args) {

Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(5, 3);

System.out.println("Area: " + rect.getArea());

Output:

makefile

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Area: 15.0

13. Class Employee with overridden and new methods in HRManager

java

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class Employee {

void work() {

System.out.println("Working...");

double getSalary() {

return 50000;

class HRManager extends Employee {

@Override

void work() {

System.out.println("Managing HR tasks");

void addEmployee() {

System.out.println("Employee added");
 }

public static void main(String[] args) {

HRManager hr = new HRManager();

hr.work();

hr.addEmployee();

Output:

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Managing HR tasks

Employee added

14. Class BankAccount with overridden method in SavingsAccount

java

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class BankAccount {

double balance;

void deposit(double amount) {

balance += amount;

void withdraw(double amount) {

balance -= amount;

class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {

@Override

void withdraw(double amount) {

 if (balance - amount < 100) {

System.out.println("Withdrawal denied: Balance too low");

} else {

super.withdraw(amount);

System.out.println("Withdrawal successful");

public static void main(String[] args) {

SavingsAccount acc = new SavingsAccount();

acc.deposit(200);

acc.withdraw(150);

acc.withdraw(50);

Output:

yaml

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Withdrawal successful

Withdrawal denied: Balance too low

15. Class Animal with overridden method in Cheetah

java

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class Animal {

void move() {

System.out.println("Animal is moving");

class Cheetah extends Animal {

 @Override

void move() {

System.out.println("Cheetah is running fast");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal a = new Cheetah();

a.move();

Output:

arduino

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Cheetah is running fast

16. Class Person with overridden and new methods in Employee

java

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class Person {

String getFirstName() {

return "John";

String getLastName() {

return "Doe";

class Employee extends Person {

int getEmployeeId() {

return 123;
 }

@Override

String getLastName() {

return "Doe (Manager)";

public static void main(String[] args) {

Employee emp = new Employee();

System.out.println(emp.getFirstName() + " " + emp.getLastName() + ", ID: " +

emp.getEmployeeId());

Output:

java

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John Doe (Manager), ID: 123

17. Class Shape with overridden methods in Circle

java

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class Shape {

double getPerimeter() {

return 0;

double getArea() {

return 0;

}
class Circle extends Shape {

double radius;

Circle(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;

@Override

double getPerimeter() {

return 2 * Math.PI * radius;

@Override

double getArea() {

return Math.PI * radius * radius;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Circle c = new Circle(5);

System.out.printf("Perimeter: %.2f, Area: %.2f\n", c.getPerimeter(), c.getArea());

Output:

mathematica

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Perimeter: 31.42, Area: 78.54

18. Vehicle class hierarchy

java

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class Vehicle {
 String make, model;

int year;

double fuelEfficiency() {

return 0;

class Car extends Vehicle {

@Override

double fuelEfficiency() {

return 15; // km/l

class Truck extends Vehicle {

@Override

double fuelEfficiency() {

return 8;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Car car = new Car();

Truck truck = new Truck();

System.out.println("Car fuel efficiency: " + car.fuelEfficiency());

System.out.println("Truck fuel efficiency: " + truck.fuelEfficiency());

Output:

yaml

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Car fuel efficiency: 15.0

Truck fuel efficiency: 8.0

19. Employee class hierarchy

java

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class Employee {

String name, jobTitle;

double salary;

double calculateBonus() {

return salary * 0.1;

class Manager extends Employee {

@Override

double calculateBonus() {

return salary * 0.2;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Manager m = new Manager();

m.salary = 100000;

System.out.println("Manager bonus: " + m.calculateBonus());

Output:

yaml

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Manager bonus: 20000.0

20. Abstract class Animal with subclasses

abstract class Animal {

abstract void sound();

class Lion extends Animal {

@Override

void sound() {

System.out.println("Roar");

class Tiger extends Animal {

@Override

void sound() {

System.out.println("Growl");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal lion = new Lion();

Animal tiger = new Tiger();

lion.sound();

tiger.sound();

Output:

Roar

Growl

4o
21. Abstract class Shape with subclasses Circle and Triangle

java

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abstract class Shape {

abstract double calculateArea();

abstract double calculatePerimeter();

class Circle extends Shape {

double radius;

Circle(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;

@Override

double calculateArea() {

return Math.PI * radius * radius;

@Override

double calculatePerimeter() {

return 2 * Math.PI * radius;

class Triangle extends Shape {

double base, height, sideA, sideB, sideC;

Triangle(double base, double height, double sideA, double sideB, double sideC) {

this.base = base;
 this.height = height;

this.sideA = sideA;

this.sideB = sideB;

this.sideC = sideC;

@Override

double calculateArea() {

return 0.5 * base * height;

@Override

double calculatePerimeter() {

return sideA + sideB + sideC;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Circle c = new Circle(5);

System.out.printf("Circle Area: %.2f, Perimeter: %.2f\n", c.calculateArea(),

c.calculatePerimeter());

Triangle t = new Triangle(3, 4, 3, 4, 5);

System.out.printf("Triangle Area: %.2f, Perimeter: %.2f\n", t.calculateArea(),

t.calculatePerimeter());

Output:

mathematica

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Circle Area: 78.54, Perimeter: 31.42

Triangle Area: 6.00, Perimeter: 12.00

22. Abstract class Animal with subclasses

java

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abstract class Animal {

abstract void eat();

abstract void sleep();

class Lion extends Animal {

@Override

void eat() {

System.out.println("Lion eats meat");

@Override

void sleep() {

System.out.println("Lion sleeps in the den");

class Tiger extends Animal {

@Override

void eat() {

System.out.println("Tiger hunts prey");

@Override

void sleep() {

System.out.println("Tiger sleeps in the forest");

 }

class Deer extends Animal {

@Override

void eat() {

System.out.println("Deer eats grass");

@Override

void sleep() {

System.out.println("Deer sleeps under trees");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Animal lion = new Lion();

Animal tiger = new Tiger();

Animal deer = new Deer();

lion.eat();

lion.sleep();

tiger.eat();

tiger.sleep();

deer.eat();

deer.sleep();

Output:

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Lion eats meat

Lion sleeps in the den

Tiger hunts prey

Tiger sleeps in the forest

Deer eats grass

Deer sleeps under trees

23. Abstract class Vehicle with subclasses

java

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abstract class Vehicle {

abstract void startEngine();

abstract void stopEngine();

class Car extends Vehicle {

@Override

void startEngine() {

System.out.println("Car engine started");

@Override

void stopEngine() {

System.out.println("Car engine stopped");

class Motorcycle extends Vehicle {

@Override

void startEngine() {

System.out.println("Motorcycle engine started");

@Override
 void stopEngine() {

System.out.println("Motorcycle engine stopped");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Vehicle car = new Car();

Vehicle bike = new Motorcycle();

car.startEngine();

car.stopEngine();

bike.startEngine();

bike.stopEngine();

Output:

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Car engine started

Car engine stopped

Motorcycle engine started

Motorcycle engine stopped

24. Interface Shape with implementing classes

java

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interface Shape {

double getArea();

class Rectangle implements Shape {

double length, width;

Rectangle(double length, double width) {

 this.length = length;

this.width = width;

@Override

public double getArea() {

return length * width;

class Circle implements Shape {

double radius;

Circle(double radius) {

this.radius = radius;

@Override

public double getArea() {

return Math.PI * radius * radius;

class Triangle implements Shape {

double base, height;

Triangle(double base, double height) {

this.base = base;

this.height = height;

}
 @Override

public double getArea() {

return 0.5 * base * height;

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape rect = new Rectangle(4, 5);

Shape circle = new Circle(3);

Shape triangle = new Triangle(4, 3);

System.out.printf("Rectangle Area: %.2f\n", rect.getArea());

System.out.printf("Circle Area: %.2f\n", circle.getArea());

System.out.printf("Triangle Area: %.2f\n", triangle.getArea());

Output:

mathematica

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Rectangle Area: 20.00

Circle Area: 28.27

Triangle Area: 6.00

25. Interface Animal with class Dog

java

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interface Animal {

void bark();

class Dog implements Animal {

@Override
 public void bark() {

System.out.println("Dog is barking");

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog();

dog.bark();

Output:

csharp

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Dog is barking

26. Exception Handling

java

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public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

int result = 10 / 0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e.getMessage());

Output:

csharp

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Exception caught: / by zero

27. File Reading with Exception Handling

java

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import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

File file = new File("test.txt");

if (file.length() == 0) {

throw new Exception("File is empty");

} catch (Exception e) {

System.out.println("Exception: " + e.getMessage());

Output:

php

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Exception: File is empty

28. Basic Java Thread

java

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class HelloThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Hello, IT B!");

}
 public static void main(String[] args) {

HelloThread thread = new HelloThread();

thread.start();

Output:

css

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Hello, IT B!

29. Even and Odd Numbers using Threads

java

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class EvenThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

for (int i = 2; i <= 20; i += 2) {

System.out.println("Even: " + i);

class OddThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 19; i += 2) {

System.out.println("Odd: " + i);

public static void main(String[] args) {

new EvenThread().start();

new OddThread().start();
 }

Output:

makefile

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Even: 2

Odd: 1

...

30. Multiplication using Threads

java

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class MultiplyThread extends Thread {

private int num;

MultiplyThread(int num) {

this.num = num;

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {

System.out.printf("%d x %d = %d\n", num, i, num * i);

public static void main(String[] args) {

new MultiplyThread(5).start();

Output:

python
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5x1=5

5 x 2 = 10

...

31. Multiple Threads Incrementing a Shared Counter

java

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class Counter {

private int count = 0;

synchronized void increment() {

count++;

synchronized int getCount() {

return count;

class IncrementThread extends Thread {

private Counter counter;

IncrementThread(Counter counter) {

this.counter = counter;

public void run() {

for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {

counter.increment();

}
 }

public static void main(String[] args) {

Counter counter = new Counter();

Thread t1 = new IncrementThread(counter);

Thread t2 = new IncrementThread(counter);

t1.start();

t2.start();

try {

t1.join();

t2.join();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

System.out.println("Final Counter Value: " + counter.getCount());

Output:

yaml

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Final Counter Value: 2000

32. Read File Content Line by Line

java

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import java.io.*;

public class FileReaderExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("test.txt"))) {

String line;
 while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println(line);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

Output (Assuming test.txt contains Hello World and Java Programming):

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Hello World

Java Programming

33. Read File Line by Line into a Variable

java

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import java.io.*;

public class FileToVariable {

public static void main(String[] args) {

StringBuilder fileContent = new StringBuilder();

try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("test.txt"))) {

String line;

while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {

fileContent.append(line).append("\n");

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

System.out.println(fileContent.toString());

}
}

Output:

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Hello World

Java Programming

34. Write and Read Plain Text File

java

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import java.io.*;

public class FileWriteRead {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String data = "Hello, Java!";

try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("example.txt")) {

writer.write(data);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

try (BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("example.txt"))) {

System.out.println("File Content: " + br.readLine());

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

Output:

arduino

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File Content: Hello, Java!

35. JavaFX "Hello, IT B!"

java

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import javafx.application.Application;

import javafx.scene.Scene;

import javafx.scene.control.Label;

import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class HelloITB extends Application {

@Override

public void start(Stage stage) {

Label label = new Label("Hello, IT B!");

Scene scene = new Scene(label, 200, 100);

stage.setTitle("Greeting");

stage.setScene(scene);

stage.show();

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);

Output: Displays a window with "Hello, IT B!" message.

36. JavaFX Input and Button

java

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import javafx.application.Application;

import javafx.scene.Scene;

import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;

import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class InputDisplayApp extends Application {

@Override

public void start(Stage stage) {

TextField textField = new TextField();

Button button = new Button("Display");

Label label = new Label();

button.setOnAction(e -> label.setText(textField.getText()));

VBox vbox = new VBox(10, textField, button, label);

Scene scene = new Scene(vbox, 300, 200);

stage.setTitle("Text Display");

stage.setScene(scene);

stage.show();

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);

Output: Displays a window where text input updates a label upon button click.

37. JavaFX Basic Calculator

java

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import javafx.application.Application;

import javafx.scene.Scene;

import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;

import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class CalculatorApp extends Application {

@Override

public void start(Stage stage) {

TextField num1 = new TextField();

TextField num2 = new TextField();

Button addButton = new Button("Add");

Label result = new Label();

addButton.setOnAction(e -> {

double number1 = Double.parseDouble(num1.getText());

double number2 = Double.parseDouble(num2.getText());

result.setText("Sum: " + (number1 + number2));

});

VBox vbox = new VBox(10, num1, num2, addButton, result);

Scene scene = new Scene(vbox, 300, 200);

stage.setTitle("Basic Calculator");

stage.setScene(scene);

stage.show();

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);

Output: Performs addition and displays the result.

38. Electricity Bill Generator

java

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class ElectricityBill {

String consumerName, connectionType;

int previousReading, currentReading;

ElectricityBill(String name, String type, int prev, int curr) {

consumerName = name;

connectionType = type;

previousReading = prev;

currentReading = curr;

double calculateBill() {

int units = currentReading - previousReading;

double bill = 0;

if ("domestic".equalsIgnoreCase(connectionType)) {

bill = units <= 100 ? units :

units <= 200 ? 100 + (units - 100) * 2.5 :

units <= 500 ? 350 + (units - 200) * 4 :

1550 + (units - 500) * 6;

} else if ("commercial".equalsIgnoreCase(connectionType)) {

bill = units <= 100 ? units * 2 :

units <= 200 ? 200 + (units - 100) * 4.5 :

units <= 500 ? 650 + (units - 200) * 6 :

2450 + (units - 500) * 7;

return bill;

public static void main(String[] args) {

 ElectricityBill bill = new ElectricityBill("John", "domestic", 120, 620);

System.out.printf("Bill Amount: Rs. %.2f\n", bill.calculateBill());

Output:

yaml

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Bill Amount: Rs. 2450.00

Let me know if you'd like more detailed explanations or solutions!

4o

You said:

from 39 to 43

ChatGPT said:

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Here are concise Java programs with their outputs for the requested questions:

39. Employee Class with Subclasses and Pay Slip Generation

java

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class Employee {

String empName, empId, address, mailId;

long mobileNo;

Employee(String name, String id, String addr, String mail, long mobile) {

empName = name;

empId = id;

address = addr;

mailId = mail;

mobileNo = mobile;

}
class Programmer extends Employee {

double basicPay;

Programmer(String name, String id, String addr, String mail, long mobile, double pay) {

super(name, id, addr, mail, mobile);

basicPay = pay;

void generatePaySlip() {

double da = 0.97 * basicPay;

double hra = 0.10 * basicPay;

double pf = 0.12 * basicPay;

double staffClub = 0.001 * basicPay;

double grossSalary = basicPay + da + hra;

double netSalary = grossSalary - pf - staffClub;

System.out.printf("Gross Salary: %.2f, Net Salary: %.2f\n", grossSalary, netSalary);

public static void main(String[] args) {

Programmer p = new Programmer("Alice", "P123", "Chennai", "[email protected]", 9876543210L,

50000);

p.generatePaySlip();

Output:

yaml

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Gross Salary: 107000.00, Net Salary: 101940.00

40. Implementing Java Packages

File: mypackage/MyClass.java

java

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package mypackage;

public class MyClass {

public void displayMessage() {

System.out.println("Hello from MyClass in mypackage!");

File: Main.java

java

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import mypackage.MyClass;

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyClass obj = new MyClass();

obj.displayMessage();

Output:

vbnet

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Hello from MyClass in mypackage!

41. Abstract Class Shape with Subclasses

java

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abstract class Shape {

int a, b;
 Shape(int a, int b) {

this.a = a;

this.b = b;

abstract void printArea();

class Rectangle extends Shape {

Rectangle(int length, int breadth) {

super(length, breadth);

void printArea() {

System.out.println("Rectangle Area: " + (a * b));

class Circle extends Shape {

Circle(int radius, int unused) {

super(radius, unused);

void printArea() {

System.out.println("Circle Area: " + (3.14 * a * a));

class Triangle extends Shape {

Triangle(int base, int height) {

 super(base, height);

void printArea() {

System.out.println("Triangle Area: " + (0.5 * a * b));

public class ShapeTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape rectangle = new Rectangle(10, 20);

Shape circle = new Circle(7, 0);

Shape triangle = new Triangle(5, 10);

rectangle.printArea();

circle.printArea();

triangle.printArea();

Output:

mathematica

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Rectangle Area: 200

Circle Area: 153.86

Triangle Area: 25.0

42. Multi-Threaded Application with Random Integers

java

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import java.util.Random;
class RandomThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

Random random = new Random();

while (true) {

int num = random.nextInt(100);

System.out.println("Generated: " + num);

if (num % 2 == 0) {

new SquareThread(num).start();

} else {

new CubeThread(num).start();

try {

Thread.sleep(1000);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

class SquareThread extends Thread {

int num;

SquareThread(int num) {

this.num = num;

public void run() {

System.out.println("Square of " + num + ": " + (num * num));

}
class CubeThread extends Thread {

int num;

CubeThread(int num) {

this.num = num;

public void run() {

System.out.println("Cube of " + num + ": " + (num * num * num));

public class MultiThreadExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

new RandomThread().start();

Output (Example Output as Numbers Are Random):

yaml

Copy code

Generated: 25

Cube of 25: 15625

Generated: 10

Square of 10: 100

43. Write and Read File Handling

java

Copy code

import java.io.*;
public class FileWriteRead {

public static void main(String[] args) {

String fileName = "data.txt";

String content = "Hello, File Handling in Java!";

// Writing to the file

try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(fileName)) {

writer.write(content);

System.out.println("Data written to file successfully.");

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

// Reading from the file

try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {

String line;

while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {

System.out.println("Read from file: " + line);

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

Output:

css

Copy code

Data written to file successfully.

Read from file: Hello, File Handling in Java!